History Final

Alexander vs. Holmes (country board of education)

15 years after Brown v Board schools in Mississippi were still segregated or had laws still making it difficult to integrate question: Should the Supreme Court allow any further delay in the complete desegregation of the nations' school? No. In a per curiam decision, the Supreme Court held that it was the obligation of every school district to immediately terminate any and all segregated school systems and to only operate integrated schools. Furthermore, the Supreme Court noted that the Court of Appeals should not have allowed any more motions for additional time to desegregate because, in the Court's opinion, the standard of allowing "all deliberate speed" for desegregation was no longer constitutionally permissible. rules unanimously! (all 9)

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

A 1978 Supreme Court decision holding that a state university could not admit less qualified individuals solely because of their race. Bakke, a white man, applied for admission twice to university, but was rejected. 16 slots, for for minorities, were made. Bakke filed a case due to his belief of rejection due to him being white & not a minority. Question: Did the University of California violate the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, by practicing an affirmative action policy that resulted in the repeated rejection of Bakke's application for admission to its medical school? **5-4; ruled that a university's use of racial "quotas" in its admissions process was unconstitutional, but a school's use of "affirmative action" to accept more minority applicants was constitutional in some circumstances (Bakke won) BAKKE stated that they broke the CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 & 14th AMENDMENT EQUAL PROTECTION CLAUSE

23. What happened at Parson Hall School in Liberty, Mississippi, and at St. Mary's Parochial School in New York in 1891? - a man entered the school with an axe, a knife, and a machete, and started chopping off the arms and legs of students and teacher alike; in New York, students were poisoned at lunch - A man entered the Mississippi school and shot 14 people; James Foster shot up the New York school, and all of the children wounded survived - The federal government temporarily suspended gun ownership rights because of so many schools that were getting shot up by mass murderers - 1891 is the year of the infamous Lizzie Borden axe murders

A man entered the Mississippi school and shot 14 people; James Foster shot up the New York school, and all of the children wounded survived.

Bush Doctrine

A policy adopted by the Bush administration in 2001 that asserts America's right to attack any nation that has weapons of mass destruction that might be used against U.S. interests at home or abroad.

Affordable Care Act

An expansion of medicaid, most of employers must provide health insurance, have insurance or face surtax, prevents rejection based on pre-existing condition. Also referred to as "Obamacare", signed into law in 2010.

Economic Displacement

Arises when policy intervention which causes the expansion of one economic activity or activity in one location also has the effect of bringing about some degree of reduction in economic activity elsewhere.

22. According to Maria Esther Hammack, when did the first recorded and documented mass shooting occur in the United States? - During the 1600 to 1699 time period (seventeenth century); 1619 specifically - During the 1800 to 1899 time period (nineteenth century); 1891 specifically - All choices are correct - During the 1900 to 1999 time period (twentieth century); 1966 specifically

During 1800 to 1899 time period (nineteenth century); 1891 specifically

What did John McCain do toward the end of the presidential campaign in the Fall of 2008 in attempt to give the Republican Party the advantage on the sub-prime mortgage financial catastrophe? - McCain urged Senator Barack Obama, his Democratic Party opponent, to oppose any financial stimulus coming from the House and Senate that President George W. Bush encouraged in hopes of bailing out banking institutions that were "too big to fail" - he temporarily suspended his campaign and urged Democrat Barack Obama to do the same so the two senators could return to Washington, D.C. and vote on important legislation designed to fix the economic crisis - McCain rallied the religious right and the campaign along with conservative Christians met in Washington, D.C. in the Fall of 2008 to pray for the U.S. economy - McCain finally approved of Gov. Sarah Palin to join the campaign as his running mate since she had high level expert knowledge on mortgage loans and how to get the U.S. economy out of the doldrums

He temporarily suspended his campaign and urged Democrat Barack Obama to do the same so the two senators could return to Washington, D.C. and vote on important legislation designed to fix the economic crisis

Griswold vs. Connecticut

In 1879, Connecticut passed a law that banned the use of any drug, medical device, or other instrument in furthering contraception. A gynecologist at the Yale School of Medicine, C. Lee Buxton, opened a birth control clinic in New Haven in conjunction with Estelle Griswold, who was the head of Planned Parenthood in Connecticut. They were arrested and convicted of violating the law, and their convictions were affirmed by higher state courts. Their plan was to use the clinic to challenge the constitutionality of the statute under the Fourteenth Amendment before the Supreme Court. Question: Does the Constitution protect the right of marital privacy against state restrictions on a couple's ability to be counseled in the use of contraceptives? 7-2; ruled that the Constitution did in fact protect the right of marital privacy against state restrictions on contraception. Together, the First, Third, Fourth, and Ninth Amendments create the right to privacy in marital relations.

Shelby County v. Holder (2013)

In 2013, the Supreme Court struck down a key provision of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, that required that certain states with a history of voter discrimination obtain federal approval of any changes in voting laws. (p. 691) Question: Does the renewal of Section 5 of the Voter Rights Act under the constraints of Section 4(b) exceed Congress' authority under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, and therefore violate the Tenth Amendment and Article Four of the Constitution? 5-4; Yes, Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act is unconstitutional.

2nd George Bush laws!

Joint Resolution to Authorize the Use of United States Armed Forces Against Iraq NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND ACT

21. According to the Global Research page on mass gun violence, what is the difference between familicides and mass shootings in public places? - Mass shootings occurred mostly after 1960, familicides happened between the 1930s and 1960s - All choices are correct - Familicides involved whole families committing suicide - Families killed all at once were sometimes axed to death, or poisoned, and not shot with guns

Mass shootings occurred mostly after 1960, familicides happened between the 1930s and 1960s

7. What is the difference between Medicare and Medicaid? - Medicare is federally-provided health insurance for low-income Americans; while Medicaid is federally-provided health insurance for Americans over age 65 - Medicare is the program where Americans get healthcare insurance from their employer; Medicaid is also called "Obamacare" where people can apply to get government-run medical care - Medicare is federally-provided health insurance for all Americans, regardless of income, but this insurance is basically worthless since most doctors will not accept it - Medicare is federally-provided health insurance for people over age 65; while Medicaid is federally-provided health insurance for low-income Americans

Medicare is federally-provided health insurance for people over age 65 Medicaid is federally-provided health insurance for low-income Americans

29. What was the basic purpose for George W. Bush's October 2002 speech that highlighted the threat posed by Iraq and why the United States should wage war against a nation that never actually attacked the USA? - to encourage Congress to authorize the use of America's military so that the USA could enforce United Nations Security Council demands - President Bush wanted the American people to take the threat posed by Iraq as a serious and grave threat and not to take the matter lightly - All choices are correct - President Bush attempted in the speech to state reasons why he would seek a second term as president

President Bush attempted in the speech to state reasons why he would seek a second term as president

Moore vs Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education

Question: Is a school district policy that seeks to desegregate a public school district unconstitutional and in violation of a statute that forbids a public school from making distinctions in regards to students based on their race? In a per curiam opinion, the case was dismissed for lack of jurisdiction Court did not have jurisdiction to decide the case under Article III of the U.S. Constitution.

Reagan laws!

Reagan doctrine: United States provided overt and covert aid to anti-communist guerrillas and resistance movements in an effort to "roll back" Soviet-backed pro-communist governments in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Immigration reform act: gave amnesty to 3 mill immigrants Reaganomics: postulates economic growth can be most effectively fostered by lowering taxes, decreasing regulation, and allowing free trade.

According to the Open Stax textbook, how did the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union change in the mid-1940s? - the Americans and the Soviets had been enemies during World War II, but after the war, the two countries cooperated with on another and remained friends so as to build world peace - after victory in World War II, the textbook explains that the two superpowers -- the USA and the Soviet Union -- remained close friends and allies during the Cold War - after World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union fought a long war in which the Americans captured Moscow -- the Soviet capitol and the Soviets captured American comic book manufacturers - The Americans and Soviets had been allies, but had become rivals as the U.S. attempted to check "Soviet domination" after World War II

The American and Soviets had been allies, but had become rivals as the U.S. attempted to check "Soviet domination" after WW2

Why did SCOTUS rule 7-2 on Roe vs Wade?

The Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment protects against state action the right to privacy, and a woman's right to choose to have an abortion falls within that right to privacy.

24. Why is George W. Bush referred to as one of the "unpopular" presidents? - the American people didn't really like George W. Bush - the American media didn't really like George W. Bush - Kanye West proclaimed that George W. Bush "doesn't like black people" - he won the office of president by virtue of a Supreme Court decision, losing to his Democratic rival Al Gore by 540,000 fewer popular votes

The american media didnt really like George W. Bush

How was domino theory an ideology of the Cold War rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union? - All choices are correct - everyone in the United States knew at the time of the Cold War that their dominoes players would not be able to defeat the players that communist nations had trained since the game of dominoes is a communist sport - the ideology assumed that communism infected the neighbors to a communist state as in dominoes lined up that when one is knocked over, it starts a chain reaction to the point that the Soviet Union would dominate the world - the ideology assumed that capitalism infected the neighbors to a capitalist state as in dominoes lined up that when one is knocked over, it starts a chain reaction to the point that the Americans would dominate the world

The ideology assumed that communism infected the neighbors to a communist state as in dominoes lined up that when one is knocked over, it starts a chain reaction to the point that the Soviet Union would dominate the world

Clinton laws!

Welfare reform bill Family & Medical leave act: families able to take leave to take care of babies while being paid Student loan reform Brady act: requiring a background check before the purchase of a handgun and establishing a National Instant Check System. ASSAULT WEAPONS BAN VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMENS ACT child care initiative

10. What did the Kerner Commission report state regarding the "Long Hot Summer" of 1967, especially the Detroit riots? What were the causes of this urban violence, rioting, looting, and anger in American cities? - the gang killing of a black Army veteran named Danny Thomas by unruly white youths inflamed the black community - All choices are correct - police targeting of "blind pigs" after hours bars and making mass arrests of its customers - rumors that Detroit police were stabbing black residents with bayonets

all choices are correct

15. What best explains the causes of de-industrialization, especially the reasons why American factories and corporations relocated their manufacturing capabilities to other nations? - All choices are correct - they were looking for cheaper workers; American workers were too expensive and payroll cut into company profits - they had to replace outdated equipment and machinery, and many corporations found it cheaper to rebuild from scratch in a new place, in a new country than to refurbish existing factories in the United States - they were responding to the waves of worker unionization in the "Rustbelt" cities of the northeast and midwest and corporations moving their factories overseas were trying to mitigate the power and influence of labor unions

all choices are correct

17. Why does sociologist Barbara Ehrenreich believe that Wal-Mart's daily routines at its stores in the 1990s were motivated by sexist policies and actions? *the Wal-Mart corporation in the last 20 years has changed its policies and practices - only males worked in management back in the 1990s when Ehrenreich worked at a Wal Mart - All choices are correct - managers forbid only female workers from raising their voices while on the job back in the 1990s when Ehrenreich briefly worked at a Wal Mart - managers back then required women to work in "feminine" sections of the store, like "softlines" and only males worked in automotive

all choices are correct

2. What options below are true about the failed Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba that President Kennedy signed off on that occurred on April 17, 1961? - the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) had trained Cuban exiles to invade the island nation instead of having the U.S. military do it - once President Kennedy feared domestic criticism of the exile-led invasion force, he cancelled air support that enabled the Cuban army to easily defeat them - All choices are correct - it was the first of two very intense foreign policy entanglements the Kennedy administration had to deal with that involved Cuba and the Cold War

all choices are correct

32. Why was the Hurricane Katrina event in 2005 so tragic and disastrous? - All choices are correct - the city lacked basic flood relief measures and sent people to the Superdome before the storm hit; after the flood waters inundated the city, New Orleans officials had no plan to provide relief to the thousands of refugees who rode out the storm at the Saints home - a city dominated by poor people, many could not afford to evacuate in advance of Hurricane Katrina, leading to the massive National Guard and other military rescues from people's rooftops as the flood waters surged - President George W. Bush told his FEMA director, Michael Brown, that he was doing "a helluva job" even though Brown had no experience with disaster relief; President Bush flew over the city but his earlier refusal to plan for the storm meant New Orleanians would have to wait for much-needed supplies

all choices are correct

33. How do we know that the Hurricane Katrina disaster negatively affected President George W. Bush's support and popularity just one year after he won re-election? - a Bush friend, Michael D. Brown, had been appointed to head up the FEMA federal agency tasked with managing natura disasters, and Brown had no experience in that regard; cronyism - young voters and non-white Americans turned out to the voting booths in the 2006 midterm elections and for the first time since 1994 handed the Democratic Party control of the House and Senate - All choices are correct - President Bush surveyed the damage done to New Orleans high aloft in Air Force One, demonstrating his personal detachment from the problems of ordinary Americans

all choices are correct

34. What were the direct effects of the 2008 economic meltdown that likewise damaged President Bush's approval ratings and the Republican Party's chances in the 2008 national election? - many Americans resented the federal government's bailout of banks and investment firms, giving the impression that the wealthiest Americans were being rescued by the taxpayers, despite these corporations risky and corrupt practices - All choices are correct - in the final four months of 2008, 1 million Americans lost their jobs; another 3 million were out of work by the end of 2009 - a Great Recession in which no economic growth occurred for two years made the financial situation worse for ordinary Americans

all choices are correct

6. What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do? - banned racial discrimination in public accommodations like busses, trains, airplanes, and buildings - All choices are correct - it established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to investigate complaints about race, gender, religion discrimination in hiring - prohibited federal funding to programs that permitted racial segregation

all choices are correct

9. What civic organizations opposed passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act as congress deliberated and debated on this omnibus civil rights legislation? - All choices are correct - the Farm Bureau Federation - the Citizens' Councils - the National Chambers of Commerce and National Association of Manufacturers

all choices are correct

In President Truman's speech about the Cold War-era "Loyalty Program," he explains that federal employees charged with disloyalty to the United States government would be required to have a hearing by a Loyalty Board. He warns that this was no "witch hunt" and that the hearings would not be ....... - All choices are correct - open to public scrutiny, to avoid fomenting rumor, gossip, and suspicion of anyone losing their federal government job - decided without an appeals process, whereby the judgment reached during a Loyalty Board hearing could be appealed to the "head of the department" - kangaroo courts, where the guilt of the accused is decided before the hearing

all choices are correct

Which below are true regarding President Harry Truman's "Fair Deal" program to return American society to peacetime in the late 1940s? - the Fair Deal involved creating a system of national healthcare for all Americans -- a proposal that was decried as "socialized medicine" and didn't fare well in the midst of the Cold War rival with the Soviets - the Fair Deal involved maintaining a federal minimum wage, an end to child labor practices, expansion of Social Security benefits, and availability of public housing to low income Americans - All choices are correct - the Fair Deal involved extension of civil rights to African Americans through the president's Committee on Civil Rights that investigated instances of racial discrimination in the United States

all choices are correct

11. What is meant by consumption capitalism and why did it take off in the 1950s and 1960s? - All choices are correct - an economic system in which public representatives on bureaucratic governing boards organize all production of goods and distributions and services through a democratic process; it took off because of public and private sector cohesion and cooperation following American victory in World War II - an economic system in which capitalist businesses and corporations rely on consumer spending to fund various operations such as mining, manufacturing, advertising, distribution, and retail; it took off because of corporate innovation in combination with government initiatives (largesse) to the states in the wake of World War II - an economic system in which all goods and services are publicly owned by society at large and administrated and distributed by a large bureaucracy called a "command economy"; it took off because of American victory in World War II and learning a lot about providing for people from our allies, the Soviet Union

an economic system in which capitalist businesses and corporations rely on consumer spending to fund various operations such as mining, manufacturing, advertising, distribution, and retail; it took off because of corporate innovation in combination with government initiatives (largesse) to the states in the wake of World War II

31. According to the CBS News footage of the Hurricane Katrina disaster in New Orleans, why did some New Orleanians remain in the city as the ferocious storm churned its way in the Gulf toward the "crescent city"? - as one woman explained, the people who stayed despite the storm coming had nowhere else to go, lacked transportation, and needed to remain so they cold go to work - New Orleanians were defiant and believed they could survive a horrible Gulf hurricane - the people who remained didn't listen to the news and had no idea a storm was bearing down on them - the liberal mayor and liberal governor told them to stay and that everything would be alright

as one woman explained, the people who stayed despite the storm coming had nowhere else to go, lacked transportation, and needed to remain so they cold go to work

Why were President Truman, Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin, and millions of Americans concerned about "subversives" in the late 1940s and early 1950s? - as tensions with the Soviet Union flared after World War II, American policymakers had to contend with the possibility of Soviet spies operating in sensitive positions in manufacturing and the government (and the Rosenbergs were evidence that Soviet spies did indeed operate within the United States) - as tensions with the Soviet Union flared after World War II, Americans became suspicious of their fellow Americans, fearing that some might want to overthrow the U.S. government - All choices are correct - as tensions with the Soviet Union flared after World War II, some sought political advantage by casting their American political opponents as "communists" or "subversives"

as tensions with the Soviet Union flared after World War II, some sought political advantage by casting their American political opponents as "communists" or "subversives"

16. What causes of de-industrialization will lead to more economic displacement that American workers will likely experience in the next decade (the 2020s)? - as the American workforce forgoes a college education, this means that factories will relocate from Pacific Rim countries and Mexico back to the United States that will lead to a re-industrialization of the United States - automation and robotics, along with drones and computer applications will lead to the whole elimination of some jobs in the economy - All choices are correct - robust government spending to stimulate the economy means that millions of Americans will stop working and earn a livelihood from regular government stimulus payments

automation and robotics, along with drones and computer applications will lead to the whole elimination of some jobs in the economy

4. What was the purpose of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 that President Lyndon B. Johnson signed into law? - education was a social pillar upon which his anti-poverty "Great Society" programs would be built - All choices are correct - strengthening education from the federal level, Johnson believed, would gradually allow underrepresented groups such as African Americans, Latinx, women, and immigrants to achieve career employment and full equality before the law - by signing the legislation into law, the federal government provided millions of dollars to public schools, especially when it came to buying books & establishing programs for disadvantaged children, such as the free breakfasts for impoverished students

by signing the legislation into law, the federal government provided millions of dollars to public schools, especially when it came to buying books & establishing programs for disadvantaged children, such as the free breakfasts for impoverished students

26. What issues present in the mind and White House team of President George W. Bush want for Americans but was put on hold after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on New York City and Washington, D.C.? - get Congress to pass the No Child Left Behind education law - destroy the American consumption based economy - launch a full scale invasion of Iraq as revenge against Saddam Hussein's attempts to assinate President Bush's father - launch a full scale invasion of Afghanistan

get congress to pass the No Child Left Behind education law

In what way did Senator Joseph McCarthy define the Cold War rivalry with the Soviet Union in a way to play upon Americans sensitivities, emotions, and fears? - he claimed that people all over the world were talking about the Soviet-American tension - he proclaimed it as an arms race - he described it as one in which the firing of the gun and dropping of bombs had not arrived just yet - he called it a conflict of ideologies - between communistic atheism and Christianity

he called it a conflict of ideologies - between communistic atheism and Christianity

3. As president, Texan Lyndon B. Johnson wanted to make sure that America was a "Great Society." What did he mean by that according to the Open Stax textbook? - he wanted to shut down the southern border with Mexico, and demonize all immigrants as criminals and violent "dudes" - he wanted to make sure that "liberty and justice for all" had real meaning through the passage of federal level laws and creation of poverty-elimination programs - he vowed to "end welfare as we know it" and make people go out and get jobs instead of relying on government programs like Medicaid for free healthcare, and food stamps for free groceries - he wanted to send North Vietnam's Ho Chi Minh all the way back to Moscow, and defeat that communist movement in Southeast Asia

he wanted to make sure that "liberty and justice for all" had real meaning through the passage of federal level laws and creation of poverty-elimination programs

35. What were Barack Obama's credentials for becoming the Democratic Party's standard-bearer in the 2008 presidential race? - Barack Obama and Sean Penn, the actor, teamed up together to help rescue people from the flooded city of New Orleans in the wake of Hurricane Katrina and the mainstream media's images of the two men, white and black, helping victims of the century's most dangerous storm was a huge boost to the Illinois senator's political ambitions - the Democratic Party was hellbent on getting a black person elected as president -- a goal of the Party since Jesse Jackson's runs in the 1980s -- and finally they found a guy who could do that, especially since he defeated the hated Hillary Clinton to win his Illinois senate seat - trick question! Barack Obama had been born in Kenya and outside the United States, thereby making him constitutionally ineligible for the office of president - he was a junior senator from Illinois who had been a constitutional lawyer and scholar in addition to being a community organizer in the Chicago area; he was the first black editor of the prestigious Harvard Law Review, and had recently spoken at the 2004 Democratic National Convention

he was a junior senator from Illinois who had been a constitutional lawyer and scholar in addition to being a community organizer in the Chicago area; he was the first black editor of the prestigious Harvard Law Review, and the recently spoken at the 2004 Democratic National Convention

According to McCarthy, where could America's traitors, who were allegedly selling out their nation to the Soviets, be found in 1950? - All choices are correct - in the Central Intelligence Agency, the super-secret international spy outfit created by the 1947 National Security Act - in the U.S. State Department, which he believed was "thoroughly infested with communists." - in the U.S. Army, especially the top-level generals and Joint Chiefs of Staff

in the U.S. State Department, which he believed was "thoroughly infested with communists"

Triangulation

is a manipulation tactic where one person will not communicate directly with another person, instead using a third person to relay communication to the second, thus forming a triangle.

How was the Serviceman's Readjustment Act (G.I. Bill) an attempt to make sure military demobilization did not jeopardize the strong American postwar economy? - it paid veterans to re-enlist in the military -- either the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marines instead of readjusting to civilian life - it enabled veterans the opportunity to pursue an education, paying many a stipend to attend college or a vocational training program - it provided severance pay to women so they would leave the industrial workforce and return to their lives as homemakers and child-care providers so their husbands could work - All choices are correct

it enabled veterans the opportunity to pursue an education, paying many a stipend to attend college or a vocational training program

13. Why would de-industrialization prove destabilizing to an economy built around the health and robust consumer spending? - it means that an interventionist government would have to periodically intervene in the American economy to "stimulate" industrial production and output of necessary supplies like when the nation experiences a global pandemic and must gear American-made production of personal protective gear (PPP) - the centralization of overseas production, especially in Mexico and Pacific Rim countries inspired taxpayers to support "free trade" policies by the government to maintain a cheap flow of foreign-made goods like cars, appliances, electronics, and clothes - All choices are correct - it means that money used by the American consumer would not support American-operated businesses, but manufacturing operations overseas instead thereby creating employment scarcity in the United States (especially in skilled manufacturing sector jobs) while leading to plentiful jobs in nations where goods sold in the United States are manufactured

it means that an interventionist government would have to periodically intervene in the American economy to "stimulate" industrial production and output of necessary supplies like when the nation experiences a global pandemic and must gear American-made production of personal protective gear (PPP)

14. What is meant by "economic displacement"? - it means that workers' skill sets were reoriented so they could go overseas and get their factory jobs back by working in China - it means that workers' skill sets became obsolete in the employment market, and these skilled workers then are forced to accept low-paying service industry work - All choices are correct - it means that a flood, hurricane, or war created refugees who were workers, and they were displaced from their original homes, and had to find new homes and new jobs

it means that workers' skill sets became obsolete in the employment market, and these skilled workers then are forced to accept low-paying service industry work

What is meant by the "military-industrial" complex that President Dwight D. Eisenhower warned about in his 1961 farewell speech? - All choices are correct - Eisenhower expressed displeasure at the way in which the U.S. military -- like the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines -- had to work at the defense industries to build their weapons systems, like nuclear missiles and fighter jets when these military men needed to be training for the next war - it was a symbiotic relationship between the Department of Defense and its officials and the corporate executives of the privately-owned defense corporations that made weapons systems for the U.S. federal government -- both were set up to benefit from routine defense spending to defeat the Soviets if war ever broke out - Eisenhower, like millions of Americans, were concerned that the U.S. Department of Defense along with the corporate heads of defense industries that made weapons systems had gone 100% communist and were about to overthrow the federal government of the United States

it was a symbiotic relationship between the Department of Defense and its officials and the corporate executives of the privately-owned defense corporations that made weapons systems for the U.S. federal government -- both were set up to benefit from routine defense spending to defeat the Soviets if war ever broke out

1. How was the Democratic Party's support for President John F. Kennedy divided, and why did some people fear his presidency? -southern Democrats were more conservative and feared that Kennedy was too liberal on civil rights reform -some union officials feared that Kennedy being a Roman Catholic would lose Protestant supporters -All choices are correct -many feared that Kennedy being a Catholic president meant that his decisions would be influenced by the Pope

many feared that Kennedy being a Catholic president meant that his decisions would be influenced by the Pope

25. Who attacked the United States on Sept. 11, 2001, destroying several of the World Trade Center towers in New York City, in addition to damaging the Pentagon office complex in Washington, D.C.? - All choices are correct - Iran - multinational terrorists associated with al-Queda - Iraq

multinational terrorists associated with al-Queda

8. What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 do? - it prohibited racial discrimination as well as religious discrimination in housing - outlawed literacy tests and prohibited states and local governments from passing racially discriminatory voting laws - outlawed segregation in American society, especially in businesses that serve the public such as retail stores, restaurants, hotels, and public accommodations - prohibited federal funds to serve programs that required racial segregation, including public schools that did not submit desegregation plans to the federal government or Supreme Court

outlawed literacy tests and prohibited states and local governments from passing racially discriminatory voting laws

20. Why was Bill Clinton impeached by Congress in 1998? - the Roman Catholic Church demanded his impeachment since as a Catholic, men are not allowed to engage in extra-marital affairs - perjury (lying in deposition testimony), obstruction of justice (telling others to lie on his behalf), and abuse of power (trying to shut down the investigation into his extra-marital affairs) - it was a desperate attempt by the New Right, led by House Speaker in Congress named Newt Gingrich, who had a personal beef with the Clintons - Congress and the American people were fed up with powerful males making unwanted sexual advances on women

perjury (lying in deposition testimony), obstruction of justice (telling others to lie on his behalf), and abuse of power (trying to shut down the investigation into his extra-marital statue)

Why was Gov. Sarah Palin's addition to the Republican Party's ticket a high-risk gamble for the John McCain campaign and the Republicans? - her initial appearance as McCain's running mate was a "drag on the ticket" but by the time of the election, Republican voters were excited about her inclusion as a VP candidate - John McCain of Arizona needed a foreigner on his campaign -- and Palin from the foreign country of Alaska had the effect of burgeoning Alaska's bid for statehood - she was politically inexperienced, but the McCain team wanted its "first" to compete with the Democrats and the Obama campaign -- if elected Obama would be the first black president, but if McCain had won, Palin would be the first female in the executive branch - Gov. Palin was already a reality-TV celebrity after she and her family had appeared on numerous reality television programs that depicted their wholesome and swear-word free familial environment -- McCain's choice of Palin as a running mate was a risk because she was more popular than John McCain

she was politically inexperienced, but the McCain team wanted its "first" to compete with the Democrats and the Obama campaign--if elected Obama would be the first black president, but if McCain had won, Palin would be the first female in the executive branch

18. How did the end of the Cold War rivalry between the United States and Soviet Union in the early 1900s affect the Bill Clinton Administration? - the fall of Soviet power enabled the Americans under Bill Clinton to direct the military infrastructure and intelligence network to taking over the Russian Federation and Communist China and succeeded in doing so - since the Soviet Union no longer existed, and the United States had recently won the Persian Gulf War under then-President George H.W. Bush, the Clinton team directed most of its foreign policy toward invading and taking over Iraq that would topple Saddam Husein's evil regime - Clinton's team understood that the Soviet Union's power had collapsed and he reoriented the U.S. military to become an all-volunteer force of mostly highly skilled commandos in the Special Forces (like Army Green Berets, Navy SEALS, and Marine Corps "Force Recon") outfits - the Clinton team converted to a new paradigm or "model" of American global hegemony, emphasizing overwhelming force to crisis and violent situations in the Middle East and in the southeastern Europe area known as the Balkans

the Clinton team converted to a new paradigm or "model" of American global hegemony, emphasizing overwhelming force to crisis and violent situations in the Middle East and in the southeastern Europe area known as the Balkans

28. In his 2002 speech that was assigned, what are the reasons George W. Bush listed as reasons that the United States should wage war against Iraq? - the Iraqi regime has a history of aggression and a "drive toward an arsenal of terror" - the Iraqi regime possesses chemical and biological weapons that it has provided to terrorists and used on "its own people" - All choices are correct - the Iraqi regime has violated treaty obligations it agreed to following the 1991 Persian Gulf War with the United States

the Iraqi regime has a history of aggression and a "drive toward an arsenal of terror"

In what way did the U.S. - Soviet Union rivalry extend into orbit by the late 1950s? - All choices are correct - American astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were the first human beings to walk on the moon and successfully defeated a Soviet moon invasion -- the moon battle only lasted a couple of hours, but could be viewed from earth - the Americans were entertained by the Beatniks by 1957 in which LSD-using and mushroom-tripping poets, musicians, and merry-makers dominated American culture, rendering Americans mere space-cadets since they used dangerous, hallucinogenic drugs - the Soviets launched Sputnik in 1957 that caused fears in the United States that the communist Soviets had achieved better technology in the first 12 years since the end of World War II

the Soviets launched Sputnik in 1957 that caused fears in the United States that the communist Soviets had achieved better technology in the first 12 years since the end of World War II

19. What was the result of a lawsuit filed against President Bill Clinton by Arkansan Paula Jones for then-Governor Clinton's unwanted sexual advances? - the United States Congress led by Tip O'Neill as House Speaker initiated impeachment inquiries against President Clinton - the Supreme Court applied the U.S. Constitution to the case, especially Article II that states American presidents cannot be prosecuted or sued while serving in office as president - the American people revolted since most American males had had extramarital affairs and that women enjoyed unwanted sexual advances made by powerful men like Clinton - the Supreme Court ruled that President Clinton must sit for a deposition with Paula Jones's attorneys and Special Prosecutor Kenneth Starr's investigation team that was conducting an independent investigation into the Rose Law Firm and Hillary Clinton's questionable land deals

the United States Congress led by Tip O'Neill as House Speaker initiated impeachment inquiries against President Clinton

27. What was the basic point or "thesis" of the Bush Doctrine? - that Americans must be spied on by the U.S. federal government to make sure they aren't communists or terrorists - that the United States must work harmoniously with hostile governments like those in Iraq and Iran and North Korea so that cooperation and friendlier relationships could be built - the United States reserved the right to wage "pre-emptive" wars by ousting hostile regimes and replacing them with friendlier ones so as to mitigate threats to America - that Americans involved in media or education must take loyalty oaths pledging that they have never been a member of a communist organization

the United States reserved the right to wage "pre-emptive" wars by ousting hostile regimes and replacing them with friendlier ones so as to mitigate threats to America

30. According to the CBS News footage of Hurricane Katrina, what made New Orleans especially susceptible to flooding from hurricanes? - New Orleans is a water-locked city and for residents to evacuate during a potential storm means that most will have to take boat ferries to get across the Gulf of Mexico to get out of the city, and these ferries were overloaded in the week before Hurricane Katrina hit the eastern-most portion of the city - it had Democratic Party mayor and the state of Louisiana was governed by the evil Democratic Party governor Kathleen Blanco -- and both wanted the city of New Orleans destroyed so as to get more money from the federal government (both have since served federal prison time for their role in the disaster) - All choices are correct - the city lies below sea level, in a bowl shape depression into the topography of the earth, and it was surrounded by water from the Mississippi River as well as Lake Pontchartrain

the city lies below sea level, in a bowl shape depression into the topography of the earth, and it was surrounded by water from the Mississippi River as well as Lake Pontchartrain

5. What did President Johnson create that provided federal funding for the arts and has routinely been targeted by Republicans for elimination? - the Twenty-Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution - the Tonkin Gulf Resolution - the National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for the Humanities - the Social Security Act of 1965

the national endowment for the arts and the national endowment for the humanities

12. What is true about the American experience with de-industrialization? - factories and manufacturing centers were built and then un-built or dismantled beginning in the 1960s and continuing through the present day - All choices are correct - it describes the way the U.S. economy transformed itself between the 1960s and the 2010s going from one based on manufacturing of durable goods to one based on service-industry and "low-skilled" work - the term evokes Americans' fears about economic displacement and how the larger U.S. economy, as it changes, can render some skilled workers as "no longer needed"

the term evokes Americans' fears about economic displacement and how the larger U.S. economy, as it changes, can render some skilled workers as "no longer needed"