HISTORY FINAL Period 1-2

What consequences did the policy of mercantilism have for British colonies in North America? A The British crown demanded large cash payments of silver and gold every year. B The British crown encouraged the colonies to trade with many other countries in order to obtain as much gold as possible. C The British crown paid very little attention to the balance of trade. D The colonies provided raw materials but manufactured very few goods.

The colonies provided raw materials but manufactured very few goods.

What statement best describes the economic activity in the Atlantic world during the colonial period? A Very little trade occurred — mercantilism prevented the British colonists from earning profits. B Some trade occurred but only between the British colonies and Canada. C A lively trade emerged between the North American colonies, Britain, and Africa. D A lively trade emerged but only amongst the British colonies because mercantilism banned trans-Atlantic trade.

A lively trade emerged between the North American colonies, Britain, and Africa.

Into and among these gentle sheep, endowed by their Maker and Creator with all the qualities aforesaid, did creep the Spaniards, who no sooner had knowledge of these people than they became like fierce wolves and tigers and lions who have gone many days without food or nourishment. And no other thing have they done for forty years until this day, and still today see fit to do, but dismember, slay, perturb, afflict, torment, and destroy the Indians by all manner of cruelty new and divers and most singular manners such as never before seen or read of heard of some few of which shall be recounted below, and they do this to such a degree that on the Island of Hispaniola, of the above three millions souls that we once saw, today there be no more than two hundred of those native people remaining." Which of the following answers correctly identifies an important consequence of the Spanish attitude towards Native Americans? A Because so many native peoples were dying, the Spanish began to import slaves from Africa to replenish their labor supply. B Native American people and culture were completely eradicated. C The Spanish crown became insolvent because the reduced labor supply made it impossible for colonial possessions to become profitable. D Many Spaniards, driven by a sense of Christian piety, urged the crown to create reforms that resulted in an increased standard of living for Native Americans.

Because so many native peoples were dying, the Spanish began to import slaves from Africa to replenish their labor supply.

What statement best describes the relationships between different European imperial powers? A They often cooperated and shared profits in order to prevent conflict. B The imperial powers rarely interacted with each other. C Colonial rivalry led to frequent conflicts. D In order to civilize the Native Americans, European imperial powers put aside their religious differences.

Colonial rivalry led to frequent conflicts

The image highlights which of the following? A The uniquely war-like attitude of Native Americans. B The civilizing effect of European colonization upon the Native American peoples, which was entirely beneficial. C How Native Americans became dependent on European trade goods. D The lack of reciprocal influence Native Americans had on European colonizers.

How Native Americans became dependent on European trade goods.

What statement best describes the political connections between the North American colonies and the British crown before the mid-18th century? A The colonists had long sought freedom from the crown and continuously rebelled against its influence. B Colonists built political institutions based on British models but had a large degree of autonomy. C The colonies had close ties to Britain and had very little autonomy. D There were no connections — long trans-Atlantic crossings made it impossible for the colonies and crown to communicate.

Colonists built political institutions based on British models but had a large degree of autonomy.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the consequences of European colonization? A The effects of colonization up both Europeans and Native Americans were temporary and very small. B The Europeans helped civilize the Native Americans and improved their quality of life by sharing technology with them. C Both the Europeans and Native Americans became rich and powerful by sharing the profits from economic ventures. D Colonization brought wealth to European imperial powers which resulted in political and economic innovations.

Colonization brought wealth to European imperial powers which resulted in political and economic innovations.

What, if any, obstacles led to political misunderstandings between the indigenous peoples of North America and European colonists? A None — Native Americans and settlers had very similar political systems. B Native Americans were disgusted when colonists urged them to grant equal rights to women. C Europeans were initially confused by the decentralized nature of power within indigenous tribes. D Europeans were shocked to learn that Native Americans had strict term limits for their chiefs.

Europeans were initially confused by the decentralized nature of power within indigenous tribes.

What effect, if any, did Native American culture have on Europeans? A Nothing — the Europeans rejected every aspect of Native American culture because they thought indigenous peoples were uncivilized. B Many Europeans began to worship Native American deities because they were disgusted with the conflicts created by the Reformation. C Large numbers of Europeans began to dress like the Native Americans because it was much more comfortable. D Europeans began to partake of many of the same luxury items that the indigenous social elites consumed

Europeans began to partake of many of the same luxury items that the indigenous social elites consumed.

The mildnesse of the ayre, the fertilitie of the soyle, and situation of the rivers are so propitious to the nature and vse of man, as no place is more convenient for pleasure, profit, and mans sustenance, vnder that latitude or climat. Here will liue any beasts, as horses, goats, sheepe, asses, hens, &c. as appeared by them that were carried thether. The waters, Isles, and shoales, are full of safe harbours for ships of warre or marchandize, for boats of all sorts, for transportation or fishing, &c. The Bay and rivers haue much marchantable fish, and places fit for Salt coats, building of ships, making of Iron, &c." What was the primary reason Smith offered to justify colonization of Virginia? Exploitation of natural resources. B Conversion of the Native Americans to Christianity. C The fame and glory of exploration and expansion.

Exploitation of natural resources.

"Into and among these gentle sheep, endowed by their Maker and Creator with all the qualities aforesaid, did creep the Spaniards, who no sooner had knowledge of these people than they became like fierce wolves and tigers and lions who have gone many days without food or nourishment. And no other thing have they done for forty years until this day, and still today see fit to do, but dismember, slay, perturb, afflict, torment, and destroy the Indians by all manner of cruelty new and divers and most singular manners such as never before seen or read of heard of some few of which shall be recounted below, and they do this to such a degree that on the Island of Hispaniola, of the above three millions souls that we once saw, today there be no more than two hundred of those native people remaining." What answer best describes Spanish attitudes towards de las Casas' report? A Many Spaniards were horrified by the savage and cruel behavior he described. B Most Spaniards discounted his description because it was Protestant propaganda. C Most Spaniards were incredulous because they realized de las Casas intentionally distorted precise colonial census information. D Generally, Spaniards were unconcerned because they thought Native Americans should be exploited because they were uncivilized.

Generally, Spaniards were unconcerned because they thought Native Americans should be exploited because they were uncivilized.

for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill, the eies of all people are uppon us; soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us, wee shall be made a story and a byword through the world, wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods sake; wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants, and cause theire prayers to be turned into Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going..." Why did Winthrop say the Puritans must build a city upon a hill? A In order to have a more defensible position in case of an attack by indigenous peoples. B In order to build a light house to help approaching ships navigate. C In order to serve as a religious inspiration to others. D In order to concentrate evil and sin and then separate it from the rest of society.

In order to serve as a religious inspiration to others.

"Touching the religion, not only of this island, but also of all the other nations of the new world, they worshipped, and still worship, various deities, many painted, others sculptured, some formed of clay, others of wood, or gold, or silver; and in some places I have seen them of the shapes of birds, of tigers, of stags, and other sorts of animals, but I have mostly seen them made with a tail and feet, like our Satan. And although our priests and monks have endeavored, and still endeavor, to destroy these idols, yet the ministers of their faith keep a great many of them hidden in caves and underground, sacrificing to them occultly." Which of the following statements correctly describes Benzoni's account? A It is totally incorrect because there was no gold in the New World at all — it was all a rumor. B It is completely correct because Native Americans were Satanists. C It is partially correct because Benzoni accurately describes the animistic elements of indigenous religions and the syncretic results of missionary work. D It is partially incorrect because Native Americans always completely abandoned their traditional beliefs after converting to Catholicism.

It is partially correct because Benzoni accurately describes the animistic elements of indigenous religions and the syncretic results of missionary work.

Why did the Native American people lack immunity to European diseases? A Unlike Europeans, indigenous peoples had not developed vaccines. B Most Indigenous peoples did not live in urban areas and had few domesticated animals, which meant they did not develop a resistance to many animal-borne illnesses. C Indigenous peoples were physically inferior to Europeans and often became ill. D Indigenous peoples died because they suffered divine retribution for refusing to convert to Christianity.

Most Indigenous peoples did not live in urban areas and had few domesticated animals, which meant they did not develop a resistance to many animal-borne illnesses.

Which statement best describes the relationship between Native Americans and European settlers? A Native Americans unanimously welcomed the colonists because they understood the settlers were superior in many ways. B Native Americans and Europeans at times traded peacefully with European colonists but also frequently used diplomacy and force to resist encroachment on their territory, political sovereignty, and way of life. C Native Americans were skilled warriors who incessantly resisted European settlement and were only defeated by the colonist's superior technology. D Europeans had very little contact with the Native Americans because they thought indigenous peoples would corrupt settlers with their uncivilized way of life.

Native Americans and Europeans at times traded peacefully with European colonists but also frequently used diplomacy and force to resist encroachment on their territory, political sovereignty, and way of life.

Which answer best describes the lives of Native Americans immediately preceding the moment of European contact? A Native peoples created different types of settlements, engaged in long-distance trade, practiced religion, and supported social hierarchies. B Native peoples were totally uncivilized and lived in small nomadic groups that wandered from place to place in order to survive. C Native peoples lived in highly advanced societies that included metal-working, written languages, and numerous large cities. D All native peoples were egalitarian because they only organized themselves into groups of hunter-gatherers.

Native peoples created different types of settlements, engaged in long-distance trade, practiced religion, and supported social hierarchies.

Are the events depicted in the painting representative of the general pattern of interactions between British colonists and indigenous peoples? A Yes — many colonies saw that Penn's diplomatic approach worked and copied it. B Partially — Native Americans negotiated with the colonies but also used military force to resist encroachment. C No — all the Native Americans died from disease shortly after Penn's treaty and disappeared from history. D No — Native Americans preferred to massacre innocent colonists instead of negotiate.

Partially — Native Americans negotiated with the colonies but also used military force to resist encroachment.

The mildnesse of the ayre, the fertilitie of the soyle, and situation of the rivers are so propitious to the nature and vse of man, as no place is more convenient for pleasure, profit, and mans sustenance, vnder that latitude or climat. Here will liue any beasts, as horses, goats, sheepe, asses, hens, &c. as appeared by them that were carried thether. The waters, Isles, and shoales, are full of safe harbours for ships of warre or marchandize, for boats of all sorts, for transportation or fishing, &c. The Bay and rivers haue much marchantable fish, and places fit for Salt coats, building of ships, making of Iron, &c." What was an important consequence of the decision to colonize Virginia on counties instead of towns? A Political and cultural institutions developed more slowly because the population was spread out over a larger area. B Virginians were less vulnerable to Indian attack. C Virginia was less profitable than other colonies because taxes were higher in counties as opposed to towns. D There were no significant consequences.

Political and cultural institutions developed more slowly because the population was spread out over a larger area.

Which of the following was NOT a motivation that drove colonists to settle in the New World? A Economic prosperity. B Political oppression in Europe. C Religious freedom. D Social mobility.

Political oppression in Europe.

What statement best describes the British crown's attitude towards the colonies in North America prior to mid-18th century? A Salutary neglect — the king simultaneously neglected the colonies and praised them. B Salutary neglect — the king and his cabinet rarely enforced the rules that governed the colonies which benefitted as a result. C Negligent solitude — the king and his cabinet ordered the colonies to isolate themselves from each other. D Negligent solitude — the colonies stopped trading with Britain and suffered as a result.

Salutary neglect — the king and his cabinet rarely enforced the rules that governed the colonies which benefitted as a result.

What statement correctly describes the syncretic nature of slave culture in the British colonies? A Slaves completely abandoned their traditional beliefs. B Slaves refused to abandon any traditional beliefs. C Slaves blended new and traditional beliefs. D Slaves were prevented from having any culture by law.

Slaves blended new and traditional beliefs

What statement correctly describes the status of slaves in the southern British colonies? A It was only temporary and slaves were freed after they worked for their master for a certain number of years. B Slaves inherited the status from their father and as a result had many rights except for suffrage. C Slaves inherited the status from their mothers thus incorporating a strong racial element into colonial society. D Britain banned slavery in the colonies so all slaves were expelled.

Slaves inherited the status from their mothers thus incorporating a strong racial element into colonial society.

What was the most common form of resistance among slaves in the New World? A Slaves ran away and intentionally worked slowly. B Slaves frequently gathered weapons and launched armed insurrections. C Slave often poisoned their masters. D Slaves regularly committed suicide to spite their masters.

Slaves ran away and intentionally worked slowly.

Why did slavery become prevalent in the southern colonies but not in New England? A Southern colonies relied on more labor-intensive cash crops. B New England Puritans were more devout than southern colonists. C Slaves died in the colder New England weather but thrived in the climate of the southern colonies. D Slaves were taxed at a higher rate in New England and it made less sense to own them.

Southern colonies relied on more labor-intensive cash crops.

"Into and among these gentle sheep, endowed by their Maker and Creator with all the qualities aforesaid, did creep the Spaniards, who no sooner had knowledge of these people than they became like fierce wolves and tigers and lions who have gone many days without food or nourishment. And no other thing have they done for forty years until this day, and still today see fit to do, but dismember, slay, perturb, afflict, torment, and destroy the Indians by all manner of cruelty new and divers and most singular manners such as never before seen or read of heard of some few of which shall be recounted below, and they do this to such a degree that on the Island of Hispaniola, of the above three millions souls that we once saw, today there be no more than two hundred of those native people remaining." Which of the following answers correctly describes the social hierarchy of the Spanish empire? A Social standing was based on merit and abilities - anyone could increase their status and rise to the top. Spanish officials created a strict caste based on precise racial categories that placed native Spaniards at the top. C Only colonists of pure Spanish heritage were accorded any social status. No discernible rules governed colonial society - the status of each colonial subject was randomly determined.

Spanish officials created a strict caste based on precise racial categories that placed native Spaniards at the top.

What was an important feature of the Enlightenment? A The Enlightenment highlighted the values Britain shared with her North American colonies. B The Enlightenment helped the colonies achieve nirvana. C The Enlightenment ruined the colonial economy because it distracted people with philosophical discussions. D The Enlightenment increased support for the British monarchy by showing how charitable the king could be to the colonies.

The Enlightenment highlighted the values Britain shared with her North American colonies.

What enabled the Europeans to conquer the Native American peoples? A There were no powerful Native American empires — only weak bands of nomads. B The European invaders greatly outnumbered the Native Americans they encountered. C The Europeans had advanced military technology and also brought with them diseases which ravaged native populations. D The Native Americans were subdued because they were pagans and refused to accept Christianity.

The Europeans had advanced military technology and also brought with them diseases which ravaged native populations.

"And then it was, in the latter part of December, that the Spirit of God began extraordinarily to set in and wonderfully to work among us; and there were, very suddenly, one after another, five or six persons who were to all appearance savingly converted, and some of them wrought upon in a very remarkable manner...God made it, I suppose, the greatest occasion of awakening to others...Those who were wont to be the vainest and loosest, and those who had been disposed to think and speak lightly of vital and experimental religion, were now generally subject to great awakenings." Which of the following statements correctly describes the phenomenon discussed by Edwards? A The Great Experiment was a mix of rational science and religion. B The Great Experiment was an attempt to save atheists in the colonies. C The Great Awakening was an attempt to convert the largely Catholic population of the British colonies to Protestantism. The Great Awakening was a trans-Atlantic event which helped increase religious pluralism in the colonie

The Great Awakening was a trans-Atlantic event which helped increase religious pluralism in the colonies.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the military strength of Native American tribes in the 17th century? A The tribes were weak and were always defeated by European forces. B The tribes outnumbered the colonists and easily massacred them. C It was a stalemate and neither group was able to achieve victory. D The Native Americans sometimes achieved victories against the colonists but were steadily pushed back by European forces.

The Native Americans sometimes achieved victories against the colonists but were steadily pushed back by European forces.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the encounter between the conquistador Hernán Cortés and the Aztec leader Moctezuma as depicted above? A Cortés, who is only accompanied by a woman, is weaker because Moctezuma has several soldiers with him. B Cortés and Moctezuma are equals because they are both pointing at each other which indicates reciprocity. C The tapestry recognizes the important role indigenous women played as translators and cultural mediators between Europeans and Native Americans. D Moctezuma is accepting Cortés' offer to marry his sister, who is dressed in traditional Aztec garb in order to signify she has joined the indigenous royal family.

The tapestry recognizes the important role indigenous women played as translators and cultural mediators between Europeans and Native Americans.

for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill, the eies of all people are uppon us; soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us, wee shall be made a story and a byword through the world, wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods sake; wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants, and cause theire prayers to be turned into Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going..." Why did the Puritans settle in towns? A It was required as part of their charter. B Town meetings were important to the political and religious life of the Puritan settlers. C There were no other options. D The Puritans thought the Bible only permits settlements in towns.

Town meetings were important to the political and religious life of the Puritan settlers.

for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill, the eies of all people are uppon us; soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us, wee shall be made a story and a byword through the world, wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods sake; wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants, and cause theire prayers to be turned into Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going..." How much religious diversity existed in Britain's North American colonies? A None — the colonists were all Puritans. B None — the colonists were all Catholics. C It is impossible to know because religion could not be discussed in public. D Very high diversity — colonists followed many different sects.

Very high diversity — colonists followed many different sects.