History of Rock Test 2

Yardbirds -formed where and when -who became lead guitarist -what was their original style then what did they change to -genre

-Formed in London in 1963 -lead guitarist replaced by Eric Clapton, who later left the group bc he wanted them to stick with blues style -started out playing covers of American blues recordings but eventually started playing a more commercial style of music, which made them more popular -British Blues Revival

Death Metal stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity

-intense -Slayer -1980s -new Grammy awards 1988-89

Eric Clapton -who did he start with then later move to -what was his impact

-started out playing with Yardbirds but left them to play with Mayall when he was 19ish -then moved on to make his own trio, Cream -he revived interest in American blues

"Red House" genre artist year defining style elements

American Blues Revival Jimi Hendrix, '67 -drums keep strong backbeat -five choruses of the 12-bar blues -instrumental parts

Ziggy Stardust

David Bowie's persona he had on stage martian rockstar

Slayer

Death Metal

Gerry and the Pacemakers

Merseybeat band, from Liverpool added orchestral string sections to their songs (British Invasion, British Mainstream Rock)

Freddie and the Dreamers

Merseybeat band, from Manchester "I'm Telling You Now" (British Invasion, British Mainstream Rock)

Herman's Hermits

Merseybeat band, from Manchester (British Invasion)

"Money" genre artist year defining style elements

Progressive Rock w experimental classical techniques Pink Floyd '73 -has 7 beats per measure -more blues-oriented, has saxaphone -has experimentation

Gram Parsons

creator of Country Rock started the Flying Burrito Brothers led the Byrds in their voyage to country

Haight-Ashbury

district of San Fran where many hippies moved in '67 during the psychedelic rock/hippie era

2-beat bass

used in country rock

Kingsmen -famous song -genre

"Louie Louie" -garage band

Jefferson Airplane

('65) one of the most commercially popular psychedelic bands first played folk rock then evolved their sound to be more edgy

Paul Butterfield's Blues Band -genre -year formed, where -brought ________ to __________

-American Blues Revival -1963, Chicago -brought authentic chicago blues to a young white audience

Heavy Metal stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity (race, social class, etc.)

-Blues revival, power trio -Cream, Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath -'69-'70 -youth rebellion (white, working-class)

British Mainstream Rock stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity

-Blues/R and B basis -The Kinks, The Who -early 1970s -success was made by the Ed Sullivan Show

John Mayall's Bluesbreakers -genre -John Mayall's nickname -song -year formed

-British Blues Revival -"Father of British Blues" -"Mr. James" ('65) -1963

Blues Incorporated -genre -when they formed

-British Blues Revival -formed in 1961 -wrote originals based on the blues style

The Who -genre -what makes them different from the Beatles and Stones?

-British blues-based rock -the lead singer doesn't play an instrument (there's no lead guitar)

American Blues Revival major artists time of emergence/popularity why did it come about

-Paul Butterfield Blues Band, Canned Heat, Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix, Allman Brothers Band -mid 60s -British covers of American blues songs became popular in US in mid 60s, sparked American blues revival as American blues groups were given recording contracts

Corporate Rock

-controlled by 7 companies by 1973 -artists were businessmen -Gene Simmons, Alice Cooper, Bee Gees, Ted Nugent -artists were personally involved in investment decisions

Paul Revere and the Raiders -how did they dress -genre

-dressed up like American Revolutionary War soldiers bc they used the idea of fighting the British to gain popularity -garage band

Fuzztone -what is it? -who first used it, and in what song? -how did it come about?

-electric guitar distortion -The Kinks in "You Really Got Me" -they accidentally slit the amp

Southern Rock stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity

-electric guitar is dominant, multiple lead guitars, long solos/jams, lyrics about southern pride -comes out of Blues Revival -Allman Brothers Band, Charlie Daniels Band, ZZ Top, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Molly Hatchet -emerged early 70s

Jimi Hendrix -unique part of his music -legendary act - where, what, when

-experimented with the use of feedback btw the guitar and amp -set his guitar on fire at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967

Speed Metal stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity

-fast and aggressive -Metallica -1980s

Byrds

-first recording Bob Dylan's "Mr. Tambourine Man" - made it folk-rock -their style moved from folk to psychedelic rock

Country Rock stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity

-folk rock influenced by country -folk rockers (Dylan, The Byrds) led the way for this genre -started in LA in 1970s -Bob Dylan, The Byrds, Flying Burrito Brothers, The Eagles

Psychedelic Rock stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity geographical center (race, social class, etc.)

-long imrov/jams, unusual chord progression and song forms, static alternation btw chords, countercultural lyrics, collective group names -Grateful Dead, Jefferson Airplane, The Doors -late 60s -started in NYC then moved to San Fran

Progressive Rock stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity

-long songs, mainly instrumental, virtuoso playing, special effects, classical instruments/techniques, keyboards, rock versions of classical pieces, multi-movement epics, fantasy-based and the meaning behind the lyrics isn't clear -The Moody Blues, Procol Harum, Electric Light Orchestra, Yes, Emerson Lake and Palmer, KIng Crimson, Genesis, Pink Floyd -late 60s, early 70s

Folk stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity geographical center

-mainly vocal, recorder and fiddle provided fills -Woody Guthrie, Kingston Trio, Bob Dylan - -often political, generally against racism and war -appealed to college students

Singer/Songwriter stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity

-music and lyrics by solo artists, not groups -came from folk background -lyrics are personal, introspective, confessional, often biographical -James Taylor, Carole King, Joni Mitchell, Carly Simon -early 70s

British Invasion stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity

-music based on American music; Merseybeat groups added their own styles -British Mainstream: Gerry and the Pacemakers, The Searchers, Freddie and the Dreamers, The Hollies -British Blues-Based: The Kinks, The Who, The Zombies -mid-60s

Garage band stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity

-raw, simple, repetitive (didn't sound studio-recorded) -Kingsmen, Paul Revere & the Raiders -popular in '64-'66 -part of American reaction to British Invasion

Janis Joplin -roots -when she became popular -genre

-roots in blues -late 60s -American blues revival

Carole King

-singer/songwriter -success of "Tapestry" album ('71) -worked at Brill Building/Aldon Music -"It's Too Late" ('71) - included more electrical instruments

Folk Rock stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity

-slower than rock, has vocal harmony, more serious lyrics, has softer guitar sound (no distortion) -veered away from the protest songs -Bob Dylan, The Byrds, The Lovin' Spoonful, Simon and Garfunkel

Lite Metal stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity (race, social class, etc.)

-sound and lyrics are less dark -Poison, Van Halen, Def Leppard -1980s, broader fan base '84-'85 (more females, more mainstream) -had mainstream success bc of MTV

Cream -who started it -when and where was their debut -make-up of the band

-started by Clapton -debuted in 1966 at Windsor Festival in England -made up of 3 technical instrumentalists; has metal roots

Urban Folk Revival stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity

-still serious, but not political; avoided electric instruments in order to be anti-commercial -Kingston Trio -happened before the British Invasion, in the early 60s -audience of college students

British Blues Revival stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity what was common of members of these bands

-the British covers of the early 60s were as close as possible to the style and feel of the originals, and they did not change the basic character of the music -Spencer Davis Group, Yardbirds, John Mayall's Bluesbreakers -by early 1960s, blues clubs had started around Britain -the British who couldn't relate to the pop style made popular by American Bandstand abandoned rock for the older, gutsier type of music in which 50s rock was rooted: the blues -it was typical for musicians of these groups to move from one band to another quite often

The Kinks -genre -what did they form as a part of? -what did they start out playing? -first recording -sound they created

-the blues revival (their experimentation with distorted sound effects led them away from their traditional blues orientation) -British invasion -50s rock hits -a cover of Little Richard's "Long Tall Sally" -fuzztone

Glam Rock stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity

-theatrical focus -David Bowie, Queen, Alice Cooper, Kiss, -early 1970s -artists use androgyny -Americans weren't as interested in gender roles as the British were

Bob Dylan -how did his style change throughout his career -what was his legacy

-went to U of Minnesota, started playing in urban coffee houses there -discovered Guthrie's music in 1960 -moved to NY and stayed with Guthrie in the hospital -his music fit in w/ Urban Folk Revival -eventually went electric, the opposite way of folk -showed up to Newport Folk Festival with a full electric band -he upped the standards for lyrics in rock music, and created folk rock

James Taylor

-xsinger/songwriter in the 70s -led the "retreat" into softer sounds -started out singing acoustic at coffeehouses, like Dylan -"Fire and Rain" ('70)

Protest song

1960s: protested the Vietnam War, promoted civil rights movement and peace

Newport Folk Festival

1965: Bob Dylan showed up with a full electric band, shocked his folk audiences

"Sweetheart of the Rodeo"

1968 album by The Byrds part of country rock

Headbangers Ball

1987 heavy metal bands played became most popular MTV show of the time

Timothy Leary

American psychologist and writer known for advocating the exploration of the therapeutic potential of psychedelic drugs under controlled conditions.

"Mr. James" genre artist year defining style elements

British Blues Revival John Mayall's Bluesbreakers, '65 -tribute to Elmore James (Chicago Blues) -similar to Chicago Blues bc of electric guitar and harmonica -slightly modernized bc of electric bass

Black Sabbath

British Heavy Metal -blues band

Led Zeppelin

British Heavy Metal -lead singer of Led Zeppelin doesn't play an instrument, so they're a power trio "Black Dog" ('71)

Iron Maiden

British Heavy Metal -part of the new wave of British Heavy Metal in the late 70s

"Black Dog" genre artist year defining style elements

British Heavy Metal Led Zeppelin '71 long instrumental parts with electric guitar prominent

"I'm Telling you now" genre artist year defining style elements

British Mainstream Rock (Mersey Beat) Freddie & the Dreamers, 1965 -sound depends heavily on guitars; has lead guitar, rhythm guitar, bass guitar, and drums

The Byrds

Country Rock LA, 1968 "One Hundred Years From Now"

"Lyin' Eyes" genre artist year defining style elements

Country Rock The Eagles, '75 has country 2-beat bass and steel guitar; very folk rock

Creedence Clearwater Revival

Country Rock from San Fran "Down on the corner" ('69)

The Eagles

Country Rock grew out of the folk rock scene in LA "Lyin Eyes" ('75)

Flying Burrito Brothers

Country Rock started by Gram Parsons

"Nashville Skyline"

Dylan's album released in '69 standard country and folk-rock instrumentation

Peter, Paul, and Mary

Folk "Blowin' in the Wind" popular statement of support for peace and racial equality

"Blowin in the Wind" genre artist year defining style elements

Folk Peter, Paul, and Mary '63 as in traditional folk, 3 singers accompanied by acoustic instruments (2 guitars and a string bass)

Mamas and Papas

Folk Rock "Monday Monday" ('65-'66) - lighter side of folk rock -folk rock fizzled by 1968

Simon and Garfunkel

Folk Rock "Sound of Silence" ('65)

"Mr. Tambourine Man" genre artist year defining style elements

Folk Rock The Byrds, '65 slower tempo than rock, has vocal harmony, more serious lyrics, has softer guitar sound with no distortion

Barry McGuire

Folk Rock "Eve of Destruction" ('65) - protest song -has most elements of folk rock, even though it's protest

"Louie Louie" genre artist year defining style elements

Garage band The Kingsmen, '63 -3 chord, 2-measure unit throughout entire song -lyrics were investigated by FBI bc they were thought to be controversial -raw, simple, repetitive -drums keep strong backbeat

"Space Oddity" genre artist year defining style elements

Glam Rock David Bowie '69 theatrical bc he sings a narrative, has prog. rock elements w/ synthesizer and overdubbing

David Bowie

Glam rock "Space Oddity" ('69) -androgynous image, portrayed Ziggy Stardust a martian rockstar

Queen

Glam rock Freddy Mercury was lead singer, shows had androgyny and special effects

Alice Cooper

Glam rock shock value, show gimmicks, escapism (songs didn't have messages)

Def Leppard

Lite Metal

Poison

Lite Metal "Nothin but a good time" ('88)

Eddie Van Halen

Lite Metal -virtuosity and refinement

"Nothin' but a good time" genre artist year defining style elements

Lite Metal Poison '88 electric guitar prominent

Searchers

Merseybeat band, from Liverpool (British Invasion, British Mainstream Rock)

Cream

Metal Antecedent (Heavy Metal)

"Dark Side of the Moon"

Pink Floyd album from '73 ultimate concept album all songs connected, no dead air

Genesis

Progressive Rock (modeled on classical)

King Crimson

Progressive Rock (modeled on classical)

Yes

Progressive Rock (modeled on classical) "Roundabout" ('71)

Emerson, Lake, and Palmer

Progressive Rock (modeled on classical) -rock versions of classical works -covered Copland's classical piece in "Hoedown" -multi-movement epics w/ fantasy-based lyrics

Pink Floyd

Progressive Rock (w/ experimental classical techniques) "Money" ('73) -blues roots, psychedelic elements, experimental sound manipulation and classical techniques -named after two American blues musicians -don't have as much virtuosity as Yes/ELO; more emphasis on special effects

Electric Light Orchestra

Progressive Rock (w/ orchestra)

Procol Harum

Progressive Rock (w/ orchestra)

The Moody Blues

Progressive Rock (w/ orchestra) "Nights in white satin" ('67)

"Roundabout" genre artist year defining style elements

Progressive Rock modeled on classical Yes '71 -starts w/ recorded piano played in reverse -has synthesizer, is instrumental, has overdubbing

"Nights in white satin" genre artist year defining style elements

Progressive Rock w/ orchestra The Moody Blues '67 -has recited poetry over orchestra -takes turns btw orchestra and band

Quicksilver Messenger Service

San Fran band in the late 60s that played psychedelic rock

"Fire and Rain" genre artist year defining style elements

Singer/Songwriter James Taylor, 1970 -has double bass, piano, all acoustic instruments

Allman Brothers Band

Southern Rock Florida-based founded the southern rock movement 2 drummers/lead guitars "Ramblin Man" ('73)

Lynyrd Skynyrd

Southern Rock Florida-based triple lead guitars "Sweet Home Alabama" ('74)

"Sweet Home Alabama" genre artist year defining style elements

Southern Rock Lynyrd Skynyrd '74 has honky-tonk piano and small gospel group for backup vocals

Metallica

Speed Metal "Master of Puppets" ('86)

"Master of Puppets" genre artist year defining style elements

Speed Metal Metallica '86 very fast, electric guitar and drums, mainly instrumental

Mersey Beat -why is it named this? -form/make-up of most of these groups? -origin of this instrument combo? -what did the Mersey sound depend heavily on?

The name for the bands of Liverpool and Manchester -Mersey is a river in Britain that connects Liverpool and Manchester -Liverpool: Gerry & the Pacemakers, The Searchers -Manchester: Hollies, Herman's Hermits, Freddie & the Dreamers Form: lead guitar, rhythm guitar, bass guitar, drums (like the Beatles) Origin: American rockabilly of the 50s -depended heavily on guitars

Kingston Trio

Urban Folk Revival "Tom Dooley" no electric instruments, anti-commercial

Allen Ginsberg

a beat poet, part of the start of the psychedelic rock era

Jack Kerouac

a beat poet, part of the start of the psychedelic rock era

Tapestry

album by Carole King in 1971

Hootenanny

big folk concerts (big on college campuses)

Doors of Perception

book by Aldous Huxley where he takes drugs and writes down everything he experiences

"Me" Decade

early 1970s retreat from activism personal happiness and material comfort emphasized Rock and roll became very political and very personal

Beat Poets

in NYC in early 50s Kerouac, Ginsberg, Ferlinghetti rejection of conventional society (introduced alternative lifestyles)

LSD

key in the hippie culture of San Fran during the psychedelic rock era

Grateful Dead

most well-known psychedelic rock band ('65) jamband concept surfaced wanted to just jam bc it was free and unstructured San Francisco band

Jamband stylistic features major artists

musicians just got together and played started by The Grateful Dead

The Doors

named after Aldous Huxley's book "Doors of Perception" from LA, white middle class, college dropouts

Androgyny

neither masculine nor feminine portrayed by many Glam Rock artists

Summer of Love

nickname for summer of '67 bc that's when the psychedelic movement was at its height

First Human Be-In

organized by the Beat poets in 1967 Grateful Dead, Jefferson Airplane, and Quicksilver Messenger Service all attended

Bob Dylan

pioneer of Country Rock "Lay Lady Lay"

Marc Bolan

pioneer of glam rock

"Light my fire" genre artist year defining style elements

psychedelic rock The Doors '67 2 chords alternating, has jamming

Woody Guthrie

put new words to traditional folk melodies as well as writing new folk-styled songs "This Land is your land"

Pete Seeger

sang and played guitar and banjo in the folk era

Steel guitar

used in country rock

Distortion

used in hard rock and heavy metal

Riff

used in metal parts that are played by the bass repetitively

Synthesizer

used in progressive rock

Mellotron

used in progressive rock electronic keyboard; each key controls playback of a single prerecorded musical sound

Fiddle

used in southern rock

Honky-tonk piano

used in southern rock

Kiss

wanted to out-do NY Dolls outfits, effects, personas, mystery

Aldous Huxley

wrote "The Doors of Perception" in 1954, about an experiment where he takes drugs and writes down what he experiences (The Doors band named themselves after this book)