History of Rock Test 2
Yardbirds -formed where and when -who became lead guitarist -what was their original style then what did they change to -genre
-Formed in London in 1963 -lead guitarist replaced by Eric Clapton, who later left the group bc he wanted them to stick with blues style -started out playing covers of American blues recordings but eventually started playing a more commercial style of music, which made them more popular -British Blues Revival
Death Metal stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity
-intense -Slayer -1980s -new Grammy awards 1988-89
Eric Clapton -who did he start with then later move to -what was his impact
-started out playing with Yardbirds but left them to play with Mayall when he was 19ish -then moved on to make his own trio, Cream -he revived interest in American blues
"Red House" genre artist year defining style elements
American Blues Revival Jimi Hendrix, '67 -drums keep strong backbeat -five choruses of the 12-bar blues -instrumental parts
Ziggy Stardust
David Bowie's persona he had on stage martian rockstar
Slayer
Death Metal
Gerry and the Pacemakers
Merseybeat band, from Liverpool added orchestral string sections to their songs (British Invasion, British Mainstream Rock)
Freddie and the Dreamers
Merseybeat band, from Manchester "I'm Telling You Now" (British Invasion, British Mainstream Rock)
Herman's Hermits
Merseybeat band, from Manchester (British Invasion)
"Money" genre artist year defining style elements
Progressive Rock w experimental classical techniques Pink Floyd '73 -has 7 beats per measure -more blues-oriented, has saxaphone -has experimentation
Gram Parsons
creator of Country Rock started the Flying Burrito Brothers led the Byrds in their voyage to country
Haight-Ashbury
district of San Fran where many hippies moved in '67 during the psychedelic rock/hippie era
2-beat bass
used in country rock
Kingsmen -famous song -genre
"Louie Louie" -garage band
Jefferson Airplane
('65) one of the most commercially popular psychedelic bands first played folk rock then evolved their sound to be more edgy
Paul Butterfield's Blues Band -genre -year formed, where -brought ________ to __________
-American Blues Revival -1963, Chicago -brought authentic chicago blues to a young white audience
Heavy Metal stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity (race, social class, etc.)
-Blues revival, power trio -Cream, Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath -'69-'70 -youth rebellion (white, working-class)
British Mainstream Rock stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity
-Blues/R and B basis -The Kinks, The Who -early 1970s -success was made by the Ed Sullivan Show
John Mayall's Bluesbreakers -genre -John Mayall's nickname -song -year formed
-British Blues Revival -"Father of British Blues" -"Mr. James" ('65) -1963
Blues Incorporated -genre -when they formed
-British Blues Revival -formed in 1961 -wrote originals based on the blues style
The Who -genre -what makes them different from the Beatles and Stones?
-British blues-based rock -the lead singer doesn't play an instrument (there's no lead guitar)
American Blues Revival major artists time of emergence/popularity why did it come about
-Paul Butterfield Blues Band, Canned Heat, Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix, Allman Brothers Band -mid 60s -British covers of American blues songs became popular in US in mid 60s, sparked American blues revival as American blues groups were given recording contracts
Corporate Rock
-controlled by 7 companies by 1973 -artists were businessmen -Gene Simmons, Alice Cooper, Bee Gees, Ted Nugent -artists were personally involved in investment decisions
Paul Revere and the Raiders -how did they dress -genre
-dressed up like American Revolutionary War soldiers bc they used the idea of fighting the British to gain popularity -garage band
Fuzztone -what is it? -who first used it, and in what song? -how did it come about?
-electric guitar distortion -The Kinks in "You Really Got Me" -they accidentally slit the amp
Southern Rock stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity
-electric guitar is dominant, multiple lead guitars, long solos/jams, lyrics about southern pride -comes out of Blues Revival -Allman Brothers Band, Charlie Daniels Band, ZZ Top, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Molly Hatchet -emerged early 70s
Jimi Hendrix -unique part of his music -legendary act - where, what, when
-experimented with the use of feedback btw the guitar and amp -set his guitar on fire at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967
Speed Metal stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity
-fast and aggressive -Metallica -1980s
Byrds
-first recording Bob Dylan's "Mr. Tambourine Man" - made it folk-rock -their style moved from folk to psychedelic rock
Country Rock stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity
-folk rock influenced by country -folk rockers (Dylan, The Byrds) led the way for this genre -started in LA in 1970s -Bob Dylan, The Byrds, Flying Burrito Brothers, The Eagles
Psychedelic Rock stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity geographical center (race, social class, etc.)
-long imrov/jams, unusual chord progression and song forms, static alternation btw chords, countercultural lyrics, collective group names -Grateful Dead, Jefferson Airplane, The Doors -late 60s -started in NYC then moved to San Fran
Progressive Rock stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity
-long songs, mainly instrumental, virtuoso playing, special effects, classical instruments/techniques, keyboards, rock versions of classical pieces, multi-movement epics, fantasy-based and the meaning behind the lyrics isn't clear -The Moody Blues, Procol Harum, Electric Light Orchestra, Yes, Emerson Lake and Palmer, KIng Crimson, Genesis, Pink Floyd -late 60s, early 70s
Folk stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity geographical center
-mainly vocal, recorder and fiddle provided fills -Woody Guthrie, Kingston Trio, Bob Dylan - -often political, generally against racism and war -appealed to college students
Singer/Songwriter stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity
-music and lyrics by solo artists, not groups -came from folk background -lyrics are personal, introspective, confessional, often biographical -James Taylor, Carole King, Joni Mitchell, Carly Simon -early 70s
British Invasion stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity
-music based on American music; Merseybeat groups added their own styles -British Mainstream: Gerry and the Pacemakers, The Searchers, Freddie and the Dreamers, The Hollies -British Blues-Based: The Kinks, The Who, The Zombies -mid-60s
Garage band stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity
-raw, simple, repetitive (didn't sound studio-recorded) -Kingsmen, Paul Revere & the Raiders -popular in '64-'66 -part of American reaction to British Invasion
Janis Joplin -roots -when she became popular -genre
-roots in blues -late 60s -American blues revival
Carole King
-singer/songwriter -success of "Tapestry" album ('71) -worked at Brill Building/Aldon Music -"It's Too Late" ('71) - included more electrical instruments
Folk Rock stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity
-slower than rock, has vocal harmony, more serious lyrics, has softer guitar sound (no distortion) -veered away from the protest songs -Bob Dylan, The Byrds, The Lovin' Spoonful, Simon and Garfunkel
Lite Metal stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity (race, social class, etc.)
-sound and lyrics are less dark -Poison, Van Halen, Def Leppard -1980s, broader fan base '84-'85 (more females, more mainstream) -had mainstream success bc of MTV
Cream -who started it -when and where was their debut -make-up of the band
-started by Clapton -debuted in 1966 at Windsor Festival in England -made up of 3 technical instrumentalists; has metal roots
Urban Folk Revival stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity
-still serious, but not political; avoided electric instruments in order to be anti-commercial -Kingston Trio -happened before the British Invasion, in the early 60s -audience of college students
British Blues Revival stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity what was common of members of these bands
-the British covers of the early 60s were as close as possible to the style and feel of the originals, and they did not change the basic character of the music -Spencer Davis Group, Yardbirds, John Mayall's Bluesbreakers -by early 1960s, blues clubs had started around Britain -the British who couldn't relate to the pop style made popular by American Bandstand abandoned rock for the older, gutsier type of music in which 50s rock was rooted: the blues -it was typical for musicians of these groups to move from one band to another quite often
The Kinks -genre -what did they form as a part of? -what did they start out playing? -first recording -sound they created
-the blues revival (their experimentation with distorted sound effects led them away from their traditional blues orientation) -British invasion -50s rock hits -a cover of Little Richard's "Long Tall Sally" -fuzztone
Glam Rock stylistic features major artists time of emergence/popularity
-theatrical focus -David Bowie, Queen, Alice Cooper, Kiss, -early 1970s -artists use androgyny -Americans weren't as interested in gender roles as the British were
Bob Dylan -how did his style change throughout his career -what was his legacy
-went to U of Minnesota, started playing in urban coffee houses there -discovered Guthrie's music in 1960 -moved to NY and stayed with Guthrie in the hospital -his music fit in w/ Urban Folk Revival -eventually went electric, the opposite way of folk -showed up to Newport Folk Festival with a full electric band -he upped the standards for lyrics in rock music, and created folk rock
James Taylor
-xsinger/songwriter in the 70s -led the "retreat" into softer sounds -started out singing acoustic at coffeehouses, like Dylan -"Fire and Rain" ('70)
Protest song
1960s: protested the Vietnam War, promoted civil rights movement and peace
Newport Folk Festival
1965: Bob Dylan showed up with a full electric band, shocked his folk audiences
"Sweetheart of the Rodeo"
1968 album by The Byrds part of country rock
Headbangers Ball
1987 heavy metal bands played became most popular MTV show of the time
Timothy Leary
American psychologist and writer known for advocating the exploration of the therapeutic potential of psychedelic drugs under controlled conditions.
"Mr. James" genre artist year defining style elements
British Blues Revival John Mayall's Bluesbreakers, '65 -tribute to Elmore James (Chicago Blues) -similar to Chicago Blues bc of electric guitar and harmonica -slightly modernized bc of electric bass
Black Sabbath
British Heavy Metal -blues band
Led Zeppelin
British Heavy Metal -lead singer of Led Zeppelin doesn't play an instrument, so they're a power trio "Black Dog" ('71)
Iron Maiden
British Heavy Metal -part of the new wave of British Heavy Metal in the late 70s
"Black Dog" genre artist year defining style elements
British Heavy Metal Led Zeppelin '71 long instrumental parts with electric guitar prominent
"I'm Telling you now" genre artist year defining style elements
British Mainstream Rock (Mersey Beat) Freddie & the Dreamers, 1965 -sound depends heavily on guitars; has lead guitar, rhythm guitar, bass guitar, and drums
The Byrds
Country Rock LA, 1968 "One Hundred Years From Now"
"Lyin' Eyes" genre artist year defining style elements
Country Rock The Eagles, '75 has country 2-beat bass and steel guitar; very folk rock
Creedence Clearwater Revival
Country Rock from San Fran "Down on the corner" ('69)
The Eagles
Country Rock grew out of the folk rock scene in LA "Lyin Eyes" ('75)
Flying Burrito Brothers
Country Rock started by Gram Parsons
"Nashville Skyline"
Dylan's album released in '69 standard country and folk-rock instrumentation
Peter, Paul, and Mary
Folk "Blowin' in the Wind" popular statement of support for peace and racial equality
"Blowin in the Wind" genre artist year defining style elements
Folk Peter, Paul, and Mary '63 as in traditional folk, 3 singers accompanied by acoustic instruments (2 guitars and a string bass)
Mamas and Papas
Folk Rock "Monday Monday" ('65-'66) - lighter side of folk rock -folk rock fizzled by 1968
Simon and Garfunkel
Folk Rock "Sound of Silence" ('65)
"Mr. Tambourine Man" genre artist year defining style elements
Folk Rock The Byrds, '65 slower tempo than rock, has vocal harmony, more serious lyrics, has softer guitar sound with no distortion
Barry McGuire
Folk Rock "Eve of Destruction" ('65) - protest song -has most elements of folk rock, even though it's protest
"Louie Louie" genre artist year defining style elements
Garage band The Kingsmen, '63 -3 chord, 2-measure unit throughout entire song -lyrics were investigated by FBI bc they were thought to be controversial -raw, simple, repetitive -drums keep strong backbeat
"Space Oddity" genre artist year defining style elements
Glam Rock David Bowie '69 theatrical bc he sings a narrative, has prog. rock elements w/ synthesizer and overdubbing
David Bowie
Glam rock "Space Oddity" ('69) -androgynous image, portrayed Ziggy Stardust a martian rockstar
Queen
Glam rock Freddy Mercury was lead singer, shows had androgyny and special effects
Alice Cooper
Glam rock shock value, show gimmicks, escapism (songs didn't have messages)
Def Leppard
Lite Metal
Poison
Lite Metal "Nothin but a good time" ('88)
Eddie Van Halen
Lite Metal -virtuosity and refinement
"Nothin' but a good time" genre artist year defining style elements
Lite Metal Poison '88 electric guitar prominent
Searchers
Merseybeat band, from Liverpool (British Invasion, British Mainstream Rock)
Cream
Metal Antecedent (Heavy Metal)
"Dark Side of the Moon"
Pink Floyd album from '73 ultimate concept album all songs connected, no dead air
Genesis
Progressive Rock (modeled on classical)
King Crimson
Progressive Rock (modeled on classical)
Yes
Progressive Rock (modeled on classical) "Roundabout" ('71)
Emerson, Lake, and Palmer
Progressive Rock (modeled on classical) -rock versions of classical works -covered Copland's classical piece in "Hoedown" -multi-movement epics w/ fantasy-based lyrics
Pink Floyd
Progressive Rock (w/ experimental classical techniques) "Money" ('73) -blues roots, psychedelic elements, experimental sound manipulation and classical techniques -named after two American blues musicians -don't have as much virtuosity as Yes/ELO; more emphasis on special effects
Electric Light Orchestra
Progressive Rock (w/ orchestra)
Procol Harum
Progressive Rock (w/ orchestra)
The Moody Blues
Progressive Rock (w/ orchestra) "Nights in white satin" ('67)
"Roundabout" genre artist year defining style elements
Progressive Rock modeled on classical Yes '71 -starts w/ recorded piano played in reverse -has synthesizer, is instrumental, has overdubbing
"Nights in white satin" genre artist year defining style elements
Progressive Rock w/ orchestra The Moody Blues '67 -has recited poetry over orchestra -takes turns btw orchestra and band
Quicksilver Messenger Service
San Fran band in the late 60s that played psychedelic rock
"Fire and Rain" genre artist year defining style elements
Singer/Songwriter James Taylor, 1970 -has double bass, piano, all acoustic instruments
Allman Brothers Band
Southern Rock Florida-based founded the southern rock movement 2 drummers/lead guitars "Ramblin Man" ('73)
Lynyrd Skynyrd
Southern Rock Florida-based triple lead guitars "Sweet Home Alabama" ('74)
"Sweet Home Alabama" genre artist year defining style elements
Southern Rock Lynyrd Skynyrd '74 has honky-tonk piano and small gospel group for backup vocals
Metallica
Speed Metal "Master of Puppets" ('86)
"Master of Puppets" genre artist year defining style elements
Speed Metal Metallica '86 very fast, electric guitar and drums, mainly instrumental
Mersey Beat -why is it named this? -form/make-up of most of these groups? -origin of this instrument combo? -what did the Mersey sound depend heavily on?
The name for the bands of Liverpool and Manchester -Mersey is a river in Britain that connects Liverpool and Manchester -Liverpool: Gerry & the Pacemakers, The Searchers -Manchester: Hollies, Herman's Hermits, Freddie & the Dreamers Form: lead guitar, rhythm guitar, bass guitar, drums (like the Beatles) Origin: American rockabilly of the 50s -depended heavily on guitars
Kingston Trio
Urban Folk Revival "Tom Dooley" no electric instruments, anti-commercial
Allen Ginsberg
a beat poet, part of the start of the psychedelic rock era
Jack Kerouac
a beat poet, part of the start of the psychedelic rock era
Tapestry
album by Carole King in 1971
Hootenanny
big folk concerts (big on college campuses)
Doors of Perception
book by Aldous Huxley where he takes drugs and writes down everything he experiences
"Me" Decade
early 1970s retreat from activism personal happiness and material comfort emphasized Rock and roll became very political and very personal
Beat Poets
in NYC in early 50s Kerouac, Ginsberg, Ferlinghetti rejection of conventional society (introduced alternative lifestyles)
LSD
key in the hippie culture of San Fran during the psychedelic rock era
Grateful Dead
most well-known psychedelic rock band ('65) jamband concept surfaced wanted to just jam bc it was free and unstructured San Francisco band
Jamband stylistic features major artists
musicians just got together and played started by The Grateful Dead
The Doors
named after Aldous Huxley's book "Doors of Perception" from LA, white middle class, college dropouts
Androgyny
neither masculine nor feminine portrayed by many Glam Rock artists
Summer of Love
nickname for summer of '67 bc that's when the psychedelic movement was at its height
First Human Be-In
organized by the Beat poets in 1967 Grateful Dead, Jefferson Airplane, and Quicksilver Messenger Service all attended
Bob Dylan
pioneer of Country Rock "Lay Lady Lay"
Marc Bolan
pioneer of glam rock
"Light my fire" genre artist year defining style elements
psychedelic rock The Doors '67 2 chords alternating, has jamming
Woody Guthrie
put new words to traditional folk melodies as well as writing new folk-styled songs "This Land is your land"
Pete Seeger
sang and played guitar and banjo in the folk era
Steel guitar
used in country rock
Distortion
used in hard rock and heavy metal
Riff
used in metal parts that are played by the bass repetitively
Synthesizer
used in progressive rock
Mellotron
used in progressive rock electronic keyboard; each key controls playback of a single prerecorded musical sound
Fiddle
used in southern rock
Honky-tonk piano
used in southern rock
Kiss
wanted to out-do NY Dolls outfits, effects, personas, mystery
Aldous Huxley
wrote "The Doors of Perception" in 1954, about an experiment where he takes drugs and writes down what he experiences (The Doors band named themselves after this book)
