history reading guide
What is economic liberalization?
"Increased integration of the global economy, trade freely with capitalist democracies, India and other countries that had been non aligned during the Cold War relaxed restrictions on trade.
Explain the role India has played with multinational corporations.
"India became a software and information technology powerhouse." Designed Microsoft and Google
Why have Vietnam and Bangladesh become centers of manufacturing in industries such as clothing and cell phones?
"Phones are the largest export from Vietnam, worth about $45 billion in 2017, with apparel and electronic goods each bringing in $25.9 billion."
What was NAFTA? What changes did it cause?
"The North American Free Trade Agreement. It caused wages and benefits to be lower and safety and environmental standards weaker."
Give examples of the types of policies enacted by leaders such as US President Ronald Reagan and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.
"They advocated cutting taxes, regulations, and government assistance to the poor as a way to promote economic growth." (pg.721) Wanted free market economies
Explain the variety of workers often employed by multinational corporations
"They employ leading edge workers in the knowledge economy—software designers, communications specialists, and engineers—and at the same time hire low-wage workers abroad to make their products. They also have a global market in which to sell their goods and services.
What did the Kyoto Protocols say?
"international treaty adopted in 1997 that aimed to reduce the emission of gasses that contribute to global warming"
What impact has GATT had on tariffs?
"lifted restrictive barriers to trade." lowered how much tax you had to pay.
How did radio change communication?
"radio brought news, music, and cultural events to a wide range of people."
Describe the impact of the 1918 flu pandemic
"the flu spread along trade routes and with military troops, killed 20 million people worldwide between the ages of 20 and 40. The effects of the flu were so disastrous that longevity in the United States fell by 10 years
Summarize the economic policies of Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping in your own words:
- Poor farmers were able to have land to grow crops and sell them. This lead to an excess amount of food people really need - More industry - Allowed foreign companies to set up their industries - "Shanghai stock market" reopened
Explain how each of the following led to environmental change:
- Population Growth: needed more farmland - Urbanization: size and number of cities grew which will need more food and more different farming methods - Globalization and Industrialization: more energy and natural resources were needed, a middle class in society was made and increased the value of objects that caused pollution
What advancements have been in the treatment of HIV/AIDS? What issues still exist?
Antiretroviral drugs can stop HIV from weakening the immune system but not make it completely go away. In 2018, about 40 million people suffered from HIV, ages between 15-24. Many don't have access to Healthcare.
What advancements have been made with heart disease?
Artificial heart, a heart that is temporary while the patient waits for a real heart
xplain why poverty is often linked with disease.
Because when you're poor you find whatever you can to get energy which could be out of the trash or not clean food. This can lead to diseases.
List the fossil fuels that were used more widely in the 20th century. What problems exist with their use?
Coal, petroleum, and natural gasses. These contribute to more air pollution.
Give examples of jobs in a knowledge economy.
Designers, engineers, teachers
What does it mean that these diseases are associated with longevity?
Determines how many years you live
What did free market policies allow corporations to do?
Doesn't let government get involved, lower wages, less regulations
How did technology change both the movement of goods and people?
Every day, about 2 million people fly on an airplane. Cargo planes transport commercial shipments around the clock. Giant tankers—up to one-quarter mile in length—loaded with thousands of shipping containers ply the seas in increasing numbers, some of them too big to fit through the Panama Canal
How has human activity and industrialization contributed to changes in the atmosphere?
Factories, automobiles, airplanes, and many other products and processes of industrialization have emitted huge amounts of pollutants
Why have the Asian Tigers been successful economically?
High exports, intense education, and a low-wage workforce.
Which countries are included in the Asian Tigers?
Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.
Why was the first antibiotic, penicillin, so revolutionary?
It cured bacterial infections, it saved WW2 soldiers lives and civilians lives
Why is renewable energy becoming a better option for many people?
Less cost, half the energy will come from wind and solar power
What happens to someone with Alzheimer's Disease?
Lose their memory then eventually leads to death
What does WTO do? What are the criticisms of WTO?
Made rules over international trade." It rules favored trade over consideration of issues of moral concern."
Explain what actions have been or could be taken to reduce the following diseases: (4)
Malaria- protection from mosquitoes, covered skin Tuberculosis- vitamin D, good hygiene, covering nose or mouth when sneezing or coughing Cholera- wash hands, wash foods before eating, good hygiene, keep food covered after cooking Polio- wash hands, good hygiene
Give examples of diseases that have been largely eradicated due to vaccine use
Mumps, measles, smallpox, polio
Why should resource depletion be a concern of humans?
Petrelocoulm and coal will not last much longer
List 3 new communication technologies of the 20th/21st centuries.
Phones, twitter, facebook
Why are the pros and cons of nuclear power?
Pros: clean energy, generate electricity Cons: leaked radiation, nuclear waste
hat were the pros and cons of Japan's policies?
Pros: large investments, turned Japan into a manufacturing powerhouse. Cons: Low-wage workers, high cost
What are examples of renewable energy sources?
Solar energy, wind energy, heat from the earth
Although vaccines have eradicated diseases such as smallpox, what other diseases continue to pose a threat?
Tetanus and diphtheria
What impact did the birth control pill have in the world?
There were less babies in the world
Why does globalization of the economy usually refer to the 1970s on? What changed?
This is when manufacturing started, the cost of resources and clothes cost less
We often think of dictators as controlling all aspects of a country including the economy. Despite being a dictator, what economic policies did Pinochet put into place?
free-market economy
What criticisms exist of multinational corporations such as Nestle?
purchasing cocoa for its chocolate products from suppliers who use child labor and engage in cocoa production on protected lands. It has also faced criticism for its bottled water business for its attitude toward drinking water as a product rather than a human right.
How did phones, twitter, and Facebook technologies spark political action?
racial profiling
List the examples provided of environmental changes due to increased human activity: (3)
- Deforestation - Desertification - Decline In air quality
Give two additional examples of climate activism
- Extinction Rebellion - Dakota access pipeline
What tactics did Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet use to keep control of Chile?
- From state control toward a free-market" - "Reforms did not address poverty and other social concerns"
What future problems could be associated with climate change?
- Global warming - Carbon footprint
How have the following groups tried to increase awareness of environmental awareness? (Green Party and Green Belt Movement)
- Green Party- yes - Green Belt Movement- yes, planted more than 51 million trees
Give examples of regional trade organizations (3)
- Mercosur - Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASAN) - General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
How does the info about these diseases show the role of NGOs (non governmental organizations) such as WHO and Doctors Without Borders in fighting disease?
play a critical part in developing society, improving communities, and promoting citizen participation."
What negatives came with the Green Revolution despite the fact that it dramatically increased food production?
Small farmers couldn't afford pesticides for their plants, were forced to sell their land, forced to use mechanized equipment, fewer jobs were available for farm laborers, and chemicals damaged the soil.
How has the Ebola epidemic been dealt with?
Public healthcare
Give multiple examples of how these changes that are collectively called the Green Revolution were achieved? What did farmers and scientists do and use?
Scientists have used genetic engineering—manipulating a cell or organism to change its basic characteristics, Farmers also used more irrigation, fertilizers, and pesticides
Describe how Finland transformed its economy beginning in the 1990s? Be specific
Used to be a rural area in the 1950s. After the end of the USSR Finland faced an economic crisis. "In the 1990s, Finland turned a corner by entering the global marketplace, encouraging competition, and establishing the Science and Technology Policy Council to set a direction of economic growth through technology and innovation." built phones and other technology
Explain Japan's economic policies after World War II in your own words
Wanted more trade, worked with money and farmers to figure out a way to keep the wages down Did not want to bring in any resources because the tax was too high. Wanted its citizens to be educated so they can succeed
in what ways is water scarcity linked with other inequalities?
Women and children have the responsibility of the collection of water in their homes, 15 minutes of not spending time collecting water more girls could attend school by 8%-12%
What shift has occurred in manufacturing?
it has declined
How did shipping containers change the transport of goods?
large standard-sized units that could be carried on a u-uck or train or stacked on ship, promoted the widespread movement of people and goods
What is the Green Revolution and what was the goal?
long term response to hunger. Its goal was to make the plants have a higher resistance of pests, diseases, and drought.
What is a multinational corporation?
makes or sells goods or services in one or more other countries
What did Tiananmen Square demonstrate about the Chinese government?
there was no freedom of speech allowed in China or you will be killed
what are the criticisms of Vietnam and Bangladesh making clothes and other manufactures?
they don't get enough pay
