HIV/AIDS

A client is prescribed didanosine (Videx) as part of his highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Which instruction would the nurse emphasize with this client?

"Be sure to take this drug about 1/2 hour before or 2 hours after you eat." - Other antiretroviral agents, such as abacavir, emtricitabine, or lamivudine can be taken without regard to meals. High-fat meals should be avoided when taking amprenavir. Atazanavir should be taken with food and not with antacids.

The nurse receives a phone call at the clinic from the family of a patient with AIDS. They state that the patient started "acting funny" after complaining of headache, tiredness, and a stiff neck. Checking the temperature resulted in a fever of 103.2°F. What should the nurse inform the family member?

"The patient may have cryptococcal meningitis and will need to be evaluated by the physician."

The Primary stage of HIV occurs within

2-4 weeks of initial infection

The nurse is preparing to administer the recommended dose of intravenous gamma-globulin for a 60-kg male patient. How many grams will the nurse administer?

30 g

A patient is on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of HIV. What does the nurse know would be an adequate CD4 count to determine the effectiveness of treatment for a patient per year?

50 mm3 to 150 mm3

A client is beginning highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The client demonstrates an understanding of the need for follow up when he schedules a return visit for viral load testing at which time?

6 weeks

During the SYMPTOMATIC period, the client's CD4+ T cell counts decreases to

< 500 cells uL

As the pt's viral load increases, the # of CD4+ counts decreases to

<200 cells/uL

Which is usually the most important consideration in the decision to initiate antiretroviral therapy?

CD4+ count

Which blood test confirms the presence of antibodies to HIV?

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Abnormal results of Papanicolaou tests, genital warts, pelvic inflammatory disease, and persistent vaginitis may correlate with

HIV infection

When learning about HIV/AIDS, the student should be able to differentiate the two subtypes of virus by which characteristic?

HIV-1 is more prevalent than HIV-2 subtypes

The nurse is gathering data from laboratory studies for a client who has HIV. The clients T4-cell count is 200/mm3, and the client has been diagnosed with Pneumocystis pneumonia. What does this indicate to the nurse?

The client has converted from HIV infection to AIDS.

A nurse is preparing a presentation about HIV for a local community group. Which of the following would the nurse include in the presentation about HIV transmission? Select all that apply.

The risk of acquiring HIV through the transfusion of blood products is almost nonexistent. The amount of HIV contained in body fluids on exposure is associated with the risk for infection. HIV can be found in seminal fluid, vaginal secretions, and breast milk. Sharing of infected equipment used to inject drugs increases the risk for infection

A client that is HIV+ has been diagnosed with Pneumocystis pneumonia caused by P. jiroveci. What medication does the nurse expect that the client will take for the treatment of this infection?

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Telangiectasia is the term that refers to

Vascular lesions caused by dilated blood vessels

A client has been diagnosed with HIV and has been placed on antiretroviral therapy. What does the nurse inform the client will be required for determining the progression of the disease as well as guiding drug therapy?

Viral load and T4-cell counts will be performed every 2 to 3 months.

During the acute HIV syndrome period, the client may develop flu-like symptoms including

fever, swollen glands, fatigue, and headache as the body attempts to fight off the initial infection.

A client who is HIV positive is experiencing severe diarrhea. Which laboratory test result would the nurse expect to find?

hypokalemia

The nurse teaches the client that reducing the viral load will have what effect?

longer survival

The nurse administers an injection to a client with AIDS. When finished, the nurse attempts to recap the needle and sustains a needlestick to the finger. What is the priority action by the nurse?

report the incident to the supervisor

Which adverse effect(s) should the nurse closely monitor in a client who has secondary immunodeficiencies due to immunosuppressive therapy?

respiratory or urinary system infections

You are caring for a client who has a diagnosis of HIV. Part of this client's teaching plan is educating the client about his or her medications. What is essential for the nurse to include in the teaching of this client regarding medications?

side effects of drug therapy

A client taking fosamprenavir reports "getting fat." What is the nurse's best action?

teach the client about the side effects of the medication

A female client comes to the clinic and tells the nurse, "I think I have another vaginal infection and I also have some wartlike lesions on my vagina. This is happening quite often." What should the nurse consult with the physician regarding?

testing the client for the presence of HIV

During assessment of a patient with Kaposi's sarcoma, the nurse knows to look for the initial sign of:

deep purple lesions

Based on the nurse's base knowledge of primary immunodeficiencies, how would the nurse complete this statement? Primary immunodeficiencies

develop early in life after protection from maternal antibodies decreases.

A nurse is teaching the parents of an infant about primary immunodeficiencies. Which statement verifies that the parents understand the teaching?

diagnosed in infancy male to female ratio 5:1

When administering intravenous gamma globulin infusion, the nurse recognizes that which of the following complaints, if reported by the client, may indicate an adverse effect of the infusion?

flank pain, tightness in chest, or hypotension

A client with suspected exposure to HIV has been tested with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with positive results twice. The next step for the nurse to explain to the client for confirmation of the diagnosis is to perform a:

western blot for confirmation of diagnosis

A nurse educator is preparing to discuss immunodeficiency disorders with a group of fellow nurses. What would the nurse identify as the most common secondary immunodeficiency disorder?

AIDS