HLP-1080: Final Study Guide
What are health consequences of smokeless tobacco?
"oral cavity" cancer, throat cancer and various problems of teeth and gums
How is dosage determined for smokers?
# of cigarettes and # of years one smokes, Level of tar or nicotine in whatever is smoked, Depth of inhalation, Amount of exposure to other contaminants, How young they started smoking
What is moderate drinking?
1 drink per day for women and 2 drinks per day for men
How much time does it take an average person to completely process one drink from the body?
1-2 hours
The percentage of fat recommended to be in the "desirable-health zone" is approximately:
10-20% men 17-28% women
What is the alcohol content for 40 proof?
20%
What is the percentage of people suffering anorexia will die untreated from related health complications?
20%
What is the alcohol content for 60 proof?
30%
How many calories are in one pound of fat?
3500
What is the alcohol content for 80 proof?
40%
What proportion of illness are attributed to stress?
50-70%
How much more nicotine and carcinogens does smokeless tobacco have compared to cigarettes?
7 times
What is orlistat?
A synthetic fat substitute that passes through the gastrointestinal tract without being absorbed.
What are the age differences in physiological level of tolerance for alcohol?
As a person ages, there is a loss of muscle mass making less ADH available so, alcohol metabolizes slower
How do you perform the passive stress management technique?
Be optimistic, Adopt hardy personality, Show commitment, Challenge, Control, Systematic problem solve, Pray, Ignore it or Escape (Leave the Situation)
What are noneffective ways to cope with stress?
Being reactive rather than proactive, i.e procrastinate
What is the most accurate method to determine fat % ?
CAT scans, MRIs, and a special type of X ray (DEXA)
What type of drug is alcohol?
Depressant
What are health risks of smoking?
Esophageal Cancer, Kidney Cancer, Breast Cancer, Pancreatic Cancer, Larynx Cancer, Pharynx Cancer, Bladder Cancer, Oral Cancer, Leukemia, Coronary, Heart Disease, Atherosclerosis, Diabetes, Low HDL's, Wrinkles, Ulcers, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
What is Cellulite?
Fat cells under the skin that cause the cottage cheese looking affect on the skin.
Methods and steps to be successful quitting smoking?
Get ready to quit, Get support and Encouragement to quit, Learn New Skills and Behaviors, Get Medication and Use It Correctly, Be Prepared for Relapse or Difficult Situations
What are the immediate physical effects of stress on the body?
Headache, Muscle Tension/Pain, Chest Pain, Racing Heartbeat, Fatigue, Upset Stomach, Spikes in blood pressure., Shortness of breath.
What disease is Type A personality prone to?
Heart disease
What are Health problems associated with being obese?
Heart disease, Hypertension, High cholesterol, Atherosclerosis, Stroke, Cancer, Varicose veins, Diabetes, Arthritis, Back problems, Asthma, Birth defects
What is the least accurate method to determine fat % ?
Height & Weight Charts
What ailments or diseases can be associated with stress?
High blood pressure Coronary Heart Disease Colitis Headaches High Cholesterol Neck, shoulder and low back pain Autoimmune diseases, like arthritis Diverticulitis Diarrhea Insomnia Edema Cancer Obesity Depression Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Infertility
Reasons why exercise relieves stress so effectively?
It increases the endorphins which are neurotransmitters (chemicals produced in your brain) that reduce pain and give you a euphoric feeling and reduces stress hormones such as catecholamines.
Which enzymes are responsible for building fat?
Lip-genesis
How much essential fat do males and females need?
Men: 3% Women: 12%
What are the techniques and methods to manage stress?
Passive and Active Technique and Exercise
What are reasons for starting to drink?
Peer Pressure, Belonging or acceptance, Curiosity, Advertisement's depiction of drinking, Easy access, Bonding in college, Social lubrication
Why do teenagers use tobacco?
Peer influence, Social acceptance, look mature, look like a role model, Parents smoke, It looks appealing in advertising and media, Low socioeconomic status, Low self-image or self-esteem, Lack of support or involvement from parents, Expectations of positive outcomes from smoking, such as coping with stress and controlling weight
How do you perform the active stress management technique?
Stretch, Progressively Relax, Biofeedback, Diaphragmatic Breathing, Massage, Social Support, Time Management, Laughter, Meditate, Pray, Autogenticly Relax, Exercise, Recreational Activities, Mental Imagery, and Sex
How common is emphysema?
The fourth largest cause of mortality in the U.S, 16-30 million U.S. citizens are afflicted with it, 100,000 sufferers die each year from it
How can people with certain personality types aid themselves to adapt better?
They can develop other personality traits
What are the two major causes of obesity?
Two greatest causes: Sedentary lifestyle Poor Nutritional Habits
Which personality type is most affected by stress?
Type A
What personality traits can one arm themselves with to handle stress better?
Type B - Unmotivated, relaxed, calm or Type C - Conscientious, Correct, Careful
What are methods to determine fat %?
Underwater Weighing Technique, Skin Fold Caliper, Electrical Impedance, Apple/Pear Shape, Scales and Height & Weight Charts
What affects rate of metabolism of alcohol?
Weight/Body size, Gender, Age, Food in stomach, Other drugs, Level of fatigue, Mood, Body chemistry
What are the gender differences in physiological level of tolerance for alcohol?
Woman have higher body fat, thus, less water concentration, so it will take less alcohol to reach intoxication and an elevated blood alcohol content (BAC). They also have an enzyme that breaks down alcohol so alcohol stays in the blood stream longer.
What causes emphysema?
Years of smoking or long-term exposure to air pollution
What is the risk of being involved in an alcohol related crash? and rate of alcohol related fatal car crashes
You can lose your license, freedom, and a lot of money between the court costs, fines, lawyer fees, required community service totaling over $12,000
What is a pear body shape?
a person carries extra weight around the hips
What is a apple body shape?
a person carries extra weight around the middle
What should happen when stressors are removed?
a person should relax
What type of stress occurs most frequently?
acute
What are the three stages of stress?
alarm, resistance, exhaustion
What does BMR stand for?
basal metabolic rate
What is heavy drinking?
binge drinking at least once a month
What can change BMR?
body size and composition, age, and physical activity levels
Similarities between anorexia and bulimia?
both eating disorders
How are enzymes in fat cells strengthened?
cardiovascular exercise strengthens lipo-lysis enzymes
What is binge drinking?
consuming a large amount of alcohol in a short period of time
What is a DUI?
driving under the influence of alcohol
What is a DWI?
driving while intoxicated
What does a calorie measure?
energy
Who has stress?
everyone
What is the most permanent way to lose weight?
exercise and a proper diet
What are the 6 classifications of nutrients?
fats, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water
What is essential fat?
fatty acids that humans and other animals must ingest because the body requires them for good health but cannot synthesize them.
Which gender tends to be anorexic and bulimic?
female
What kinds of illnesses are effected by stress?
heart disease, asthma, obesity
What causes creeping obesity?
increased sedentary lifestyle with age
How does nicotine affect the body?
it acts as a stimulant in the morning and sedation in the afternoon, gives the brain dopamine, increases blood pressure and heart rate, tenses muscles, and makes less oxygen available
How does alcohol affect skill performance?
it impairs it
Differences between anorexia and bulimia?
it is harder to spot bulimics than anorexics as they can be overweight, thin, normal weight, etc.
What are recent usage rates of e-cigarettes?
it is up from 1.5% in 2011
Most important advice to quit smoking?
keep trying until you are successful
Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down fat cells?
lipo-lysis
How are pear and apple body shapes determined?
measure around the waist and around the hip then take the waist measurement and divide it by the hip measurement
What products are in e-cigarettes?
nicotine, liquids and flavoring (some are toxin to the lungs) for the user to inhale the heated solution
Is it appropriate to achieve no stress?
no
Consequences of having an pear body shape?
none
How effective it orlistat for weight control?
not very
How can cellulite be eliminated?
not with things like supplement pills sold by marketers
Personality of those who have anorexia and bulimia?
perfectionists and overachievers
What are the best ways of preventing obesity?
reduce overall caloric intake (but not so severely you are starving) and increase physical activity.
What are stressors?
specific events or chronic pressures that place demands on a person or threaten the person's well-being
What are health consequences of alcohol abuse?
stroke, cirrhosis of the liver, fatty liver, pancreatitis colon, rectum, breast, oral, esophagus, and liver cancer, Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS)
What is BMR?
the amount of energy (the number of calories) needed to stay alive
What is a calorie?
the amount of energy needed to raise one gram of water 1 degree Celsius
How safe are e- cigarettes compared to other forms of smoking?
the health risks are likely significantly less harmful than smoking traditional cigarette but not enough research has been conducted
Where alcohol is metabolized?
the liver
How addictive and lethal is nicotine compared to other drugs?
the most addictive drug known to human, 1:5 deaths in this country is tobacco related, it is more lethal than strychnine and three times deadlier than arsenic
How does alcohol rank among top causes of death in the U.S?
the third leading cause
Consequences of having an apple body shape?
there is a high risk of heart disease, diabetes, and cancer
How do enzymes in fat cells work?
they build fat in adipose cell and breaks down fat for release from adipose cell
How do anorexics view their bodies?
they think they are too fat
How do bulimics view their bodies?
they try it for weight loss, think they overeat and do it to not gain weight from eating a lot
What, if anything, sobers a person up?
time not drinking
What is bulimia?
when someone repeatedly binges on huge amounts of food and purge it through vomiting, laxatives, diuretics or exercise.
What is anorexia?
when someone severely restricts their caloric intake