Holt psychology chapter 1

health psychologists

examine the ways in which behavior and mental processes are related to physical health

associationism

experiences often remind us of similar experiences in the past approach was scientific

industrial and organizational psychologists

focus on people and work study the behavior of people in organizations

evolutionary perspective

focuses on the evolution of behavior and mental processes

sigmund freud

founded school of psychoanalysis ideas that people are driven by hidden impulses and that verbal slips and dreams represent unconscious wishes

school psychologists

identify and help students who have problems that interfere with learning

personality psychologists

identify characteristics, or traits

wilhelm wundt

individual who established first psychology laboratory in leipzig, germany

introspection

looking within

biological

perspective of psychology that emphasized the influence of biology on behavior

learning

perspective of psychology that emphasizes the effects of experience on behavior

sociocultural

perspective of psychology that examines the effects of factors such as ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status on human behavior

humanistic

perspective of psychology that stresses the importance of human consciousness, self-awareness, and the capacity to make choices

psychoanalytic

perspective of psychology that stresses the influence of unconscious forces on human behavior

cognitive activities

private mental processes, such as thoughts and memories

william james

psychologist who believed that experience is a fluid and continuous stream of consciousness

BF skinner

psychologists who introduced the concept of reinforcement

forensic

psychologists who work within the criminal justice system

principle

rule or law

functionalism

school of psychology that focuses on how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment

structuralism

school of psychology that is concerned with discovering the basic elements of conscious experience

psychoanalysis

school of psychology that maintains that human behavior is determined by unconscious motives

behaviorism

school of psychology that maintains that organisms behave in certain ways because they are reinforced to do so

gestalt school

school of psychology with the idea that perception of something is affected by the context in which it occurs "shape" or "form" in german based on the idea that perceptions are more than the sums of their parts

developmental psychologist

studies physical, emotional, cognitive, and social changes that occur over a lifetime

consumer psychologists

study the behavior of shoppers to explain and predict their behavior assist others in applying the findings of such studies

social-learning theory

suggests that people can change their environments or create new ones

learning perspective

the effects of experience on behavior

psychology

the scientific study of behavior and the mental processes

educational

type of psychologists who are involved in preparing standardized tests

experimental

type of psychologists who conduct research into basic processes, such as the functions of the nervous system of sensation and perception

counseling

type of psychologists who deal with people who have adjustment problems

clinical

type of psychologists who deal with people who have psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression

environmental

type of psychologists who study the psychological effects of the environment on people's behaviors

ethnic group

united by their cultural heritage, rage, language, or common history

behavior

any action that people can observe or measure

psychodynamic thinking

assumed that most of what exists in an individuals mind is unconscious, and consists of conflicting impulses, urges and wishes

survey

a research method in which psychologists collect data by asking questions of people in a particular group

theory

a statement that attempts to explain why things are the way they are and happen the way they do

socrates

ancient greek who believed that people could learn much about themselves through introspection