Homework 3 Respiratory System

T/F Oxygenated hemoglobin releases oxygen more readily when the pH is more basic.

FALSE

T/F The largest amount of carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream in the form of carbonic anhydrase.

FALSE

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is

greater than the pressure in the atmosphere.

Which of the following pressures rises and falls with the phases of breathing but eventually equalizes with the atmospheric pressure?

intrapulmonary pressure Intrapulmonary pressure rises when the thorax volume is reduced (during exhalation) and drops when the thorax volume rises (during inhalation). When there is no change in thorax volume, intrapulmonary pressure equalizes with the atmospheric pressure.

Which of the following refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs?

pulmonary ventilation

The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type II alveolar cells. The function of type II alveolar cells is to ________.

secrete surfactant

According to the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, PO2 in the lungs of 100 mm Hg results in Hb being 98% saturated. At high altitude, there is less O2. At a PO2 in the lungs of 80 mm Hg, Hb would be ________ saturated.

95%

The statement, "in a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of gases in the mixture" paraphrases ________.

Dalton's law

Which of the following pressure relationships best illustrates when inspiration will occur?

Ppul < Patm When the atmospheric pressure exceeds the pressure in the alveoli of the lungs (pulmonary pressure), air will flow into the lungs (inspiration).

T/F Dalton's law of partial pressures states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture.

TRUE

Which of these cells would be most effective in the ingestion and disposal of microorganisms that may enter the alveoli?

alveolar macrophages

Quiet inspiration is __________, and quiet expiration is __________.

an active process; a passive process During quiet breathing, inspiration requires muscle actions, while expiration is caused by elastic recoil.

The nose serves all of the following functions EXCEPT ________.

as the direct initiator of the cough reflex

Which of the following counteracts the movement of bicarbonate ions from the RBC?

chloride shifting

What is the amount of air that is normally ventilated in one breath?

tidal volume A tidal volume is a normal breath. One way to remember this is to compare tidal breathing to ocean tides that go in and out, day and night, without ceasing.