How does Inheritance Work? (Exam 2)

Exceptions of Mendelian Inheritance

Incomplete Codominance Polygenic Pleiotropy

Not all genes are transmitted from parents to offspring T/F?

True

Half a chromosome is called

a chromatid

Epigenetic Profile

a collection of tags that tell genes whether to be turned on/off

Genotype

an organisms underlying genetic makeup consisting of both alleles

Law of segregation

at prometaphase 1 the chromosomes line up just just before gamete formation begins and get split into different gametes when alleles form gametes always separate

During Mendel's time people believed traits were ______ that produced immediate, physical appearance of offspring

blended

Codominance

both are dominant, example: blood type

Law of Independent assortment

builds on law of segregation, during segregation of alleles it is random where they go, leads to great genetic diversity

Hetero

different alleles

Alleles

different versions of gnes

The pea plant was inherited instead as ___________

distinct traits

At fertilization what is supposed to happen is _________________ but circumstances that interfere is callled________________

epigenetic reprogramming, epigenetic inheritance

Mendel showed that for any given _______ an __________ is inherited in an ___________ pattern

gene, alle, all or nothing

alleles on each _________ chromosome can be ________ because they came from different parent

homologous, different

polygenic

many genes express 1 trait Example: eye color and skin color Eye color: controlled by at least 3 genes with at least 2 alleles

pleiotropy

many traits express 1 gene Example: Marfan syndrome with Lincoln

Recessive

masked by dominant allele when both alleles are present in an individual

Dominant

masks expression of another allele when both alleles of the gene are present in an individual

Tags are ___________ groups attached to _____ and they act as _____________ that are passed on to daughter cells as cells divide

methyl, dna, cellular memory

Incomplete dominance

neither is dominant, phenotype is a mix

Phenotype

observable, expressed trait

What was his model organism

pea plant

gene

region of DNA that conveys inheritance info for a particular characteristic (ex: seed shape).

What was Gregor Mendel known for?

revealing fundamental principles of heredity

Homo

same alleles

Epigenetic Inheritance

some tags stay in place as genetic info is passed from one generation to next