How does Inheritance Work? (Exam 2)
Exceptions of Mendelian Inheritance
Incomplete Codominance Polygenic Pleiotropy
Not all genes are transmitted from parents to offspring T/F?
True
Half a chromosome is called
a chromatid
Epigenetic Profile
a collection of tags that tell genes whether to be turned on/off
Genotype
an organisms underlying genetic makeup consisting of both alleles
Law of segregation
at prometaphase 1 the chromosomes line up just just before gamete formation begins and get split into different gametes when alleles form gametes always separate
During Mendel's time people believed traits were ______ that produced immediate, physical appearance of offspring
blended
Codominance
both are dominant, example: blood type
Law of Independent assortment
builds on law of segregation, during segregation of alleles it is random where they go, leads to great genetic diversity
Hetero
different alleles
Alleles
different versions of gnes
The pea plant was inherited instead as ___________
distinct traits
At fertilization what is supposed to happen is _________________ but circumstances that interfere is callled________________
epigenetic reprogramming, epigenetic inheritance
Mendel showed that for any given _______ an __________ is inherited in an ___________ pattern
gene, alle, all or nothing
alleles on each _________ chromosome can be ________ because they came from different parent
homologous, different
polygenic
many genes express 1 trait Example: eye color and skin color Eye color: controlled by at least 3 genes with at least 2 alleles
pleiotropy
many traits express 1 gene Example: Marfan syndrome with Lincoln
Recessive
masked by dominant allele when both alleles are present in an individual
Dominant
masks expression of another allele when both alleles of the gene are present in an individual
Tags are ___________ groups attached to _____ and they act as _____________ that are passed on to daughter cells as cells divide
methyl, dna, cellular memory
Incomplete dominance
neither is dominant, phenotype is a mix
Phenotype
observable, expressed trait
What was his model organism
pea plant
gene
region of DNA that conveys inheritance info for a particular characteristic (ex: seed shape).
What was Gregor Mendel known for?
revealing fundamental principles of heredity
Homo
same alleles
Epigenetic Inheritance
some tags stay in place as genetic info is passed from one generation to next