How Does the Body Work?
Select all of the processes that occur during inhalation.
Air pressure in the lungs decreases, allowing air to rush into the lungs. The rib cage moves up and out. The diaphragm contracts and moves downward.
Which statement reflects a characteristic of all life?
All living things are able to maintain a constant internal environment.
Muscular system
Allows for movement to respond to environmental stimuli
Select all of the following statements that define arteries.
Arteries are muscular vessels. Arteries carry blood under pressure from the heart to body tissues.
Pulmonary circuit
Arteries carry carbon dioxide-rich blood to the lungs and veins carry oxygen-rich blood back to the heart. Transports blood and gases to and from the lungs.
Systemic circuit
Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to the organs and veins carry carbon dioxide-rich blood back to the heart. Transports blood and gases to and from the organs of the body.
Which statement best summarizes the importance of the organ systems in maintaining homeostasis?
Because the body relies on all body systems in order to function properly, all body systems are responsible for maintaining homeostasis.
Which statement best describes the flow of blood through the heart?
Blood flows through the right atrium and right ventricle before it reaches the lungs.
Mouth
Breaks up food through mechanical digestion; starts chemical digestion
Bronchi
Connect the trachea into the right and left lungs
Select all of those characteristics that define veins.
Contain valves Carry blood under low pressure back to the heart
Veins
Contain valves to ensure the one-way movement of low pressure blood back to the heart
Endocrine system
Coordinates all other organ systems
Nervous system
Detects environmental stimuli and coordinates responses to them
Digestive system
Digests and processes food needed for energy to power all bodily functions
Which statement best defines a negative feedback system?
During negative feedback mechanisms, an increase in a condition causes a decrease in a physiological process in response.
Large intestine
Eliminates undigested materials; reabsorbs water and some salts
Which best describes the function of epithelial tissue?
Epithelial tissue covers internal and external body surfaces, as well as lining body cavities and forming glands.
Select all of the organs that are correctly paired with their function in the digestive system.
Esophagus; transports food from the mouth to the stomach Gallbladder; Stores bile until needed for fat digestion Salivary glands; lubricates food and begins carbohydrate digestion
Which statement best defines eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells include a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Nasal cavity
Filters, warms, and moistens incoming air
Select all of those characteristics that define capillaries.
Found in body tissues and function as the site of gas, nutrient, and waste exchange Narrow and thin-walled
Which statement best defines homeostasis?
Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a constant internal environment.
How does the cardiovascular system support other body systems to maintain homeostasis?
It works closely with the respiratory system to transport oxygen into the body and to cells and transport carbon dioxide away from cells and out of the body. It works closely with the digestive system to obtain nutrients and transport them to the cells of the body. It works closely with the urinary system to filter wastes from blood and then transport those wastes out of the body.
Select those organs involved in urinary system function.
Kidneys Urethra Ureters Urinary bladder
Select those organs that are paired with their correct function within the respiratory system.
Larynx; also called the voice box, responsible for making sounds Lungs; main organs of gas exchange
Stomach
Mechanically mixes food; starts protein digestion
Arteries
Muscular, allowing them to carry blood under pressure to body tissues
Capillaries
Narrow and thin-walled, allowing gases, nutrients, and wastes to diffuse in and out to the tissue cells of the body
Which statement best explains the role of negative feedback mechanisms in maintaining homeostasis?
Negative feedback mechanisms involve a coordinated response from the body to return internal body conditions to a set range that is acceptable for health
Which statement best defines negative feedback mechanisms?
Negative feedback mechanisms involve a coordinated response from the body to return internal body conditions to a set range that is acceptable for health.
Which statement best explains the role of negative feedback mechanisms in maintaining homeostasis?
Negative feedback mechanisms involve a coordinated response from the body to return internal body conditions to a set range that is acceptable for health.
How is body temperature regulated and kept at a relatively constant 98.6 degrees?
Negative feedback systems
Which statement best defines organs?
Organs are collections of two or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function within the body.
Select all of the functions of the digestive system that help maintain homeostasis in the body.
Processing food into nutrients that provide energy for all other bodily functions Reabsorbing water from undigested food to help regulate water content for the body Maintenance of blood glucose levels
Liver
Produces bile to assist in the digestion of lipids; processes and stores nutrients
Pancreas
Produces digestive enzymes; helps regulate blood sugar levels
Reproductive system
Produces gametes, nurtures and gives birth to offspring in females
Endocrine system
Produces hormones that coordinate other organ systems
Integumentary system
Protects the exterior of the body
Provides support and protection
Provides support and protection
Skeletal system
Provides support and protection
The right side of the heart serves the ___ circuit and the left side of the heart serves the ___ circuit.
Pulmonary systemic
Larynx
Responsible for making sounds
How does the body know that its internal temperature is too high?
Sensors in the skin and receptors in the hypothalamus detect a change in body temperature.
Bronchioles
Small tubes that branch from the bronchi further into the lungs
Select all of the characteristics that are true for all living things.
The ability to grow and develop The ability to reproduce The ability to maintain a constant internal environment The ability to use nutrients to obtain energy The ability to respond to stimuli within their environment
What is the likely effect of body temperature becoming too high?
The body begins to sweat to cool itself back to normal body temperature.
Which statement defines the cardiac cycle?
The cardiac cycle is the movement of blood through the chambers of the heart.
Select all of the statements that accurately describe the cardiovascular system.
The cardiovascular system transports nutrients to cells and wastes away from cells. The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and all the blood vessels in the body.
Select those events that occur during exhalation.
The diaphragm muscles relax and move up. The rib cage moves down and in. Air pressure increases in the lungs, causing air to rush out.
Which statement best describes the function of the digestive system?
The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients that can be used by cells to generate energy for bodily functions.
What is the overall function of the heart?
The heart pumps blood to and from the lungs and to and from the rest of the body.
Which statements best explain why gases move the way they do in the alveoli of the lungs?
The partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs is greater than the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the lungs is less than the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood.
Which statements best explain why gases move the way they do in the alveoli of the lungs?
The partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs is greater than the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the lungs is less than the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood.
Which statement best describes how the ventricles contract in unison to generate a strong contraction?
The rapid conduction of action potentials from the AV node, to the AV bundle, around the apex of the ventricles, to the Purkinje fibers allow the ventricles to contract in unison with strong contractions.
Which statement best describes the role of the respiratory system in homeostasis?
The respiratory system brings oxygen into the lungs for transport to all cells and brings carbon dioxide from all cells in the body to the lungs to be expelled out of the body.
Which statement best describes the function of the respiratory system?
The respiratory system is responsible for bringing oxygen into the body and taking carbon dioxide out of the body.
Exhalation
The rib cage moves in and downward. The diaphragm muscles relax and move out. The air pressure increases in the lungs, causing air to rush out.
Inhalation
The rib cage moves up and out. The diaphragm muscles contract and move downward. The air pressure decreases in the lungs, causing air to rush in.
How does the urinary system play a role in homeostasis?
The urinary system maintains blood composition, filtering out wastes, balancing water-salt ratios, and balancing acid-base ratios.
Collections of organs and tissues that perform a general function for the body are called
They work together to detect and integrate stimuli within the environment and to coordinate all other body systems in order to respond.
Cardiovascular system
Transports nutrients to cells and wastes away from cells
Trachea
Windpipe that connects the voice box to the bronchi
The respiratory system consists of
all of the organs and tissues necessary for bringing oxygen into the lungs and carbon dioxide out of the lungs.
The digestive system includes
all of the organs necessary to consume food and process it into nutrients, including the mouth, stomach, intestines, and accessory organs.
Negative feedback mechanisms occur when
an increase in a condition causes a decrease in the physiological process as a result.
Muscular vessels that carry blood under pressure from the heart to body tissues are called
arteries
During the cardiac cycle, the __ contract first, and then the __ contract.
atria; ventricles
Narrow, thin-walled vessels that are found in body tissues and facilitate gas, nutrient, and waste exchange are called
capillaries.
The basic units of life in the human body are _____. They work together to compose tissues, organs, and organ systems.
cells
Within the body, groups of similar ___ that work together to perform a similar function are called tissues.
cells
Tissue that binds, connects, and supports body parts is called __ tissue.
connective
After an apple is consumed, the body breaks it down into its simplest components which are then used to generate energy for the body. This is an example of how the __ system maintains homeostasis for the body.
digestive
The control center of the body directs a response to the stimulus. This response is called the
effect
Human body cells are considered ____ cells because they contain a membrane-bound nucleus as well as membrane-bound organelles.
eukaryotic
The body's ability to maintain a constant internal environment is called
homeostasis
When the body encounters a foreign disease-causing pathogen, it mounts a response against that pathogen. This is an example of how the _____ system maintains homeostasis within the body.
lymphatic
Mechanisms that are responsible for providing a counter response to stimuli in order to return the body to homeostasis are called ___ ___ mechanisms.
negative feedback
The body is able to maintain a constant internal temperature through the use of a(n) ___ ___ system
negative feedback
Tissue that sends information through nerve impulses to allow the body to respond to stimuli is called __ tissue.
nervous
Collections of organs and tissues that perform a general function for the body are called
organ system
Collections of organs and tissues that work together to perform a general function for the body are called
organ systems.
Within the body, collections of organs and tissues that work together to perform a general function for the body are called
organ systems.
Two or more tissue types that work together to perform a specific function for the body are called
organs
Two or more tissue types that work together to perform a specific function in the body are called
organs
When the partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs is greater than the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood,
oxygen diffuses out of the alveoli and into red blood cells.
The lungs carry oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out of the body. Breathing rate may increase or decrease to ensure adequate concentrations of both are present in the body. This is an example of how the ____ system maintains homeostasis in the body.
respiratory
The heart is made of two pumps. The (left/right) side pumps blood to the lungs for oxygenation. The (left/right) side pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body.
right left
Within a negative feedback system, the organ or tissue that is responsible for measuring the level of stimulus is called the
sensors
Within the heart's conducting system, action potentials begin in the _____ and travel to the _____, allowing the atria to contract.
sinoatrial (SA) node; atrioventricular (AV) node
Within a negative feedback system, sensors detect a ___ and relay that information to the control center of the body.
stimulus
The ___ circuit transports blood and gases to and from the organs of the body.
systemic
Within the ___ circuit, arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to the organs and veins carry carbon dioxide-rich blood back to the heart.
systemic
Groups of similar cell types that work together to perform a specific function in the cell are called
tissues
Groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function in the body are called
tissues.
The function of the cardiovascular system can best be described as
transporting nutrients to cells and wastes away from cells.
Vessels that use valves to prevent backflow as they carry blood under low pressure back to the heart are called
veins