How Does the Body Work?

Select all of the processes that occur during inhalation.

Air pressure in the lungs decreases, allowing air to rush into the lungs. The rib cage moves up and out. The diaphragm contracts and moves downward.

Which statement reflects a characteristic of all life?

All living things are able to maintain a constant internal environment.

Muscular system

Allows for movement to respond to environmental stimuli

Select all of the following statements that define arteries.

Arteries are muscular vessels. Arteries carry blood under pressure from the heart to body tissues.

Pulmonary circuit

Arteries carry carbon dioxide-rich blood to the lungs and veins carry oxygen-rich blood back to the heart. Transports blood and gases to and from the lungs.

Systemic circuit

Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to the organs and veins carry carbon dioxide-rich blood back to the heart. Transports blood and gases to and from the organs of the body.

Which statement best summarizes the importance of the organ systems in maintaining homeostasis?

Because the body relies on all body systems in order to function properly, all body systems are responsible for maintaining homeostasis.

Which statement best describes the flow of blood through the heart?

Blood flows through the right atrium and right ventricle before it reaches the lungs.

Mouth

Breaks up food through mechanical digestion; starts chemical digestion

Bronchi

Connect the trachea into the right and left lungs

Select all of those characteristics that define veins.

Contain valves Carry blood under low pressure back to the heart

Veins

Contain valves to ensure the one-way movement of low pressure blood back to the heart

Endocrine system

Coordinates all other organ systems

Nervous system

Detects environmental stimuli and coordinates responses to them

Digestive system

Digests and processes food needed for energy to power all bodily functions

Which statement best defines a negative feedback system?

During negative feedback mechanisms, an increase in a condition causes a decrease in a physiological process in response.

Large intestine

Eliminates undigested materials; reabsorbs water and some salts

Which best describes the function of epithelial tissue?

Epithelial tissue covers internal and external body surfaces, as well as lining body cavities and forming glands.

Select all of the organs that are correctly paired with their function in the digestive system.

Esophagus; transports food from the mouth to the stomach Gallbladder; Stores bile until needed for fat digestion Salivary glands; lubricates food and begins carbohydrate digestion

Which statement best defines eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells include a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Nasal cavity

Filters, warms, and moistens incoming air

Select all of those characteristics that define capillaries.

Found in body tissues and function as the site of gas, nutrient, and waste exchange Narrow and thin-walled

Which statement best defines homeostasis?

Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a constant internal environment.

How does the cardiovascular system support other body systems to maintain homeostasis?

It works closely with the respiratory system to transport oxygen into the body and to cells and transport carbon dioxide away from cells and out of the body. It works closely with the digestive system to obtain nutrients and transport them to the cells of the body. It works closely with the urinary system to filter wastes from blood and then transport those wastes out of the body.

Select those organs involved in urinary system function.

Kidneys Urethra Ureters Urinary bladder

Select those organs that are paired with their correct function within the respiratory system.

Larynx; also called the voice box, responsible for making sounds Lungs; main organs of gas exchange

Stomach

Mechanically mixes food; starts protein digestion

Arteries

Muscular, allowing them to carry blood under pressure to body tissues

Capillaries

Narrow and thin-walled, allowing gases, nutrients, and wastes to diffuse in and out to the tissue cells of the body

Which statement best explains the role of negative feedback mechanisms in maintaining homeostasis?

Negative feedback mechanisms involve a coordinated response from the body to return internal body conditions to a set range that is acceptable for health

Which statement best defines negative feedback mechanisms?

Negative feedback mechanisms involve a coordinated response from the body to return internal body conditions to a set range that is acceptable for health.

Which statement best explains the role of negative feedback mechanisms in maintaining homeostasis?

Negative feedback mechanisms involve a coordinated response from the body to return internal body conditions to a set range that is acceptable for health.

How is body temperature regulated and kept at a relatively constant 98.6 degrees?

Negative feedback systems

Which statement best defines organs?

Organs are collections of two or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function within the body.

Select all of the functions of the digestive system that help maintain homeostasis in the body.

Processing food into nutrients that provide energy for all other bodily functions Reabsorbing water from undigested food to help regulate water content for the body Maintenance of blood glucose levels

Liver

Produces bile to assist in the digestion of lipids; processes and stores nutrients

Pancreas

Produces digestive enzymes; helps regulate blood sugar levels

Reproductive system

Produces gametes, nurtures and gives birth to offspring in females

Endocrine system

Produces hormones that coordinate other organ systems

Integumentary system

Protects the exterior of the body

Provides support and protection

Provides support and protection

Skeletal system

Provides support and protection

The right side of the heart serves the ___ circuit and the left side of the heart serves the ___ circuit.

Pulmonary systemic

Larynx

Responsible for making sounds

How does the body know that its internal temperature is too high?

Sensors in the skin and receptors in the hypothalamus detect a change in body temperature.

Bronchioles

Small tubes that branch from the bronchi further into the lungs

Select all of the characteristics that are true for all living things.

The ability to grow and develop The ability to reproduce The ability to maintain a constant internal environment The ability to use nutrients to obtain energy The ability to respond to stimuli within their environment

What is the likely effect of body temperature becoming too high?

The body begins to sweat to cool itself back to normal body temperature.

Which statement defines the cardiac cycle?

The cardiac cycle is the movement of blood through the chambers of the heart.

Select all of the statements that accurately describe the cardiovascular system.

The cardiovascular system transports nutrients to cells and wastes away from cells. The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and all the blood vessels in the body.

Select those events that occur during exhalation.

The diaphragm muscles relax and move up. The rib cage moves down and in. Air pressure increases in the lungs, causing air to rush out.

Which statement best describes the function of the digestive system?

The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients that can be used by cells to generate energy for bodily functions.

What is the overall function of the heart?

The heart pumps blood to and from the lungs and to and from the rest of the body.

Which statements best explain why gases move the way they do in the alveoli of the lungs?

The partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs is greater than the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the lungs is less than the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood.

Which statements best explain why gases move the way they do in the alveoli of the lungs?

The partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs is greater than the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the lungs is less than the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood.

Which statement best describes how the ventricles contract in unison to generate a strong contraction?

The rapid conduction of action potentials from the AV node, to the AV bundle, around the apex of the ventricles, to the Purkinje fibers allow the ventricles to contract in unison with strong contractions.

Which statement best describes the role of the respiratory system in homeostasis?

The respiratory system brings oxygen into the lungs for transport to all cells and brings carbon dioxide from all cells in the body to the lungs to be expelled out of the body.

Which statement best describes the function of the respiratory system?

The respiratory system is responsible for bringing oxygen into the body and taking carbon dioxide out of the body.

Exhalation

The rib cage moves in and downward. The diaphragm muscles relax and move out. The air pressure increases in the lungs, causing air to rush out.

Inhalation

The rib cage moves up and out. The diaphragm muscles contract and move downward. The air pressure decreases in the lungs, causing air to rush in.

How does the urinary system play a role in homeostasis?

The urinary system maintains blood composition, filtering out wastes, balancing water-salt ratios, and balancing acid-base ratios.

Collections of organs and tissues that perform a general function for the body are called

They work together to detect and integrate stimuli within the environment and to coordinate all other body systems in order to respond.

Cardiovascular system

Transports nutrients to cells and wastes away from cells

Trachea

Windpipe that connects the voice box to the bronchi

The respiratory system consists of

all of the organs and tissues necessary for bringing oxygen into the lungs and carbon dioxide out of the lungs.

The digestive system includes

all of the organs necessary to consume food and process it into nutrients, including the mouth, stomach, intestines, and accessory organs.

Negative feedback mechanisms occur when

an increase in a condition causes a decrease in the physiological process as a result.

Muscular vessels that carry blood under pressure from the heart to body tissues are called

arteries

During the cardiac cycle, the __ contract first, and then the __ contract.

atria; ventricles

Narrow, thin-walled vessels that are found in body tissues and facilitate gas, nutrient, and waste exchange are called

capillaries.

The basic units of life in the human body are _____. They work together to compose tissues, organs, and organ systems.

cells

Within the body, groups of similar ___ that work together to perform a similar function are called tissues.

cells

Tissue that binds, connects, and supports body parts is called __ tissue.

connective

After an apple is consumed, the body breaks it down into its simplest components which are then used to generate energy for the body. This is an example of how the __ system maintains homeostasis for the body.

digestive

The control center of the body directs a response to the stimulus. This response is called the

effect

Human body cells are considered ____ cells because they contain a membrane-bound nucleus as well as membrane-bound organelles.

eukaryotic

The body's ability to maintain a constant internal environment is called

homeostasis

When the body encounters a foreign disease-causing pathogen, it mounts a response against that pathogen. This is an example of how the _____ system maintains homeostasis within the body.

lymphatic

Mechanisms that are responsible for providing a counter response to stimuli in order to return the body to homeostasis are called ___ ___ mechanisms.

negative feedback

The body is able to maintain a constant internal temperature through the use of a(n) ___ ___ system

negative feedback

Tissue that sends information through nerve impulses to allow the body to respond to stimuli is called __ tissue.

nervous

Collections of organs and tissues that perform a general function for the body are called

organ system

Collections of organs and tissues that work together to perform a general function for the body are called

organ systems.

Within the body, collections of organs and tissues that work together to perform a general function for the body are called

organ systems.

Two or more tissue types that work together to perform a specific function for the body are called

organs

Two or more tissue types that work together to perform a specific function in the body are called

organs

When the partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs is greater than the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood,

oxygen diffuses out of the alveoli and into red blood cells.

The lungs carry oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out of the body. Breathing rate may increase or decrease to ensure adequate concentrations of both are present in the body. This is an example of how the ____ system maintains homeostasis in the body.

respiratory

The heart is made of two pumps. The (left/right) side pumps blood to the lungs for oxygenation. The (left/right) side pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body.

right left

Within a negative feedback system, the organ or tissue that is responsible for measuring the level of stimulus is called the

sensors

Within the heart's conducting system, action potentials begin in the _____ and travel to the _____, allowing the atria to contract.

sinoatrial (SA) node; atrioventricular (AV) node

Within a negative feedback system, sensors detect a ___ and relay that information to the control center of the body.

stimulus

The ___ circuit transports blood and gases to and from the organs of the body.

systemic

Within the ___ circuit, arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to the organs and veins carry carbon dioxide-rich blood back to the heart.

systemic

Groups of similar cell types that work together to perform a specific function in the cell are called

tissues

Groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function in the body are called

tissues.

The function of the cardiovascular system can best be described as

transporting nutrients to cells and wastes away from cells.

Vessels that use valves to prevent backflow as they carry blood under low pressure back to the heart are called

veins