How Should We Then Live?
4 Principles for government according to John Locke
1. Inalienable rights 2. government by consent 3. separation of powers 4. the right of revolution
What three things was the Reformation rejecting?
1. The Church had made its authority the same as Scripture 2. The Church added human works 3. The church mixed biblical/Christian thinking was paganist thoughts
Martin Luther nailed the 95 Thesis on the Church doors in
1517
Samuel Rutherford laid down these principles in his book Lex Rex which means ___________. The book was very influential in the _____________ Constitution
American
Which later revolution can be compared with England's?
American
What became the answer to civil disorder in Rome?
Authoritative form of government, consolidated the power to one person
In Reformation countries, the ________ was the basis for law
Bible
a society can know form and freedom to the extent to which that society allows the teachings of the _________ to come to its natural conclusions
Bible
The Church was moving away from the ___________ as the sole authority, now the _______ was an authority
Bible, Church
The statute of the early reformer William Farel shows him holding the ____________ up high, emphasizing the importance of _______________ only
Bible, Scriptures
What does the Roman hump-backed bridge illustrate about Rome?
Certain pressures can lead to collapse
The writers wrote the was the painters painted, Dante made more room for nature, but he, like Aquinas, made the mistake of mixing ___________ and ___________
Christian and Classical
Erasmus, though his Greek New Testament helped with Bible translations, help to create a type of
Christian humanism
Who was unable to do syncretism?
Christians
Voltaire, the Father of ________________, provided the philosophical base for the French Revolution, made an observation about england.
Enlightenment
accomplishments of Charlemagne, King of Franks
Gained control of some of Roman empire, conquered Germanic Tribes, built churches, encouraged scholars, mandatory tithes
The Psalms were called___________.
Geneva Jigs
Though the Bible does not give exhaustive truth, it does give absolute truth about
God, morals, meaning of life, and values
the Renaissance was seen as a rebirth of the pre-Christian
Golden age
What, according to Schaeffer, was the "great breakthrough" in art that began with Masaccio?
He used real faces in his work, with feet on the ground, central perspective
What was removed from churches as a result of the Reformation and what took its place?
Iron screens, the Bible
In what ways was the Reformation imperfect and incomplete?
It was inconsistent, not much zeal for missionaries
In England how are the branches separated
King and parliament and courts
The english are the only people on earth who have been able to prescribe limits to the power of ____________ by resisting them, and who by a series of struggles, have at last established.... that wise ________________ where the prince is all powerful to do _______ and at the same time is retrained from committing _____________... and where the ___________ share in the government without ____________
Kings, government, good, evil, people, confusion
What were some of the main instruments in the Renaissance?
Lute, spinner, strings
the "New Perspective" in art tells us what about the Renaissance man?
Man was becoming center
What was Thomas Aquinas' incomplete view of man?
Man's intellect was not fallen
Fouquet's The Red Virgin in the good side demonstrates__________, and on the bad side ______________
Mary as a real girl, nature in its place the individual things were being praised
What does Schaeffer mean by the statement "nature was put into its proper place in Renaissance Art"?
Nature is portrayed as it is in real life, as God made it
What are some changes that took place in Renaissance music
Orchestras came in, written music
Leonardo de Vinci is a picture of the true
Renaissance man
Middle ages led to 2 great movements
Renaissance, Reformation
Some characteristics of Romanesque architecture
Roman form, rounded arch, thick walls, dim internal
Which Revolution can be compared with France's?
Russian
Why does Francis Schaeffer start with Rome?
The Roman civilization is the direct ancestor of Modern civilization
What was the Christian's strength as seen in the midst of Roman rule?
They had an absolute basis for living
Why were the Roman gods not a sufficient base for life and morals
They were finite, amplified humanity
Exactly why were Christians killed in Rome?
They worshiped one God only, and not Caesar
Who was influences by John Locke who secularized Rutherford's work.
Thomas Jefferson
Who fought to end slavery in the British empire and succeeded without war or bloodshed
William Wilberface
Why is the military not a sufficient base on which to build society?
Without a moral base, there is no sense of right and wrong
In what context did the reformation bring freedom
absolute truth
the heart of the Christian message must have two emphases
absolute truth, redemptive work of Christ
No totalitarian state can tolerate whose who have an _______________ by which to ______________ that state and its activities
absolute, judge
Plate represents
absolutes, ideals, values, universals
martin Luther was
an instrumentalist, singer,
The ordinary citizen was freed from _____________ power
arbitrary governmental
the humanistic elements of the renaissance centered on
autonomous man
In the Middle ages, Europe was Christ's kingdom, only a person who was _________ could be a member
baptized
According to the painting "Justice lifts the nations" by Paul Robert, how should men judge?
by the Bible
At some point in the Renaissance, man put himself in the _____, opening the door for __________
center, humanism
How did the teachings of the Reformation affect democratic development
everyone was equal
In the united states, the government is split into
executive, led by the President Legislative, led by the Congress Judicial, led by the Supreme Court
The reformation leaders emphasized what about man
fall of man
what freedoms did the Reformation bring to man
from working one's way to God, mental bondage, making our own absolutes
this can be seen in Switzerland where the executive and judicial branches are actually separated in what way
geographically
The church of medieval times did provide
hospitals and charities
The reintroduction of particulars opened a floodgate for
humanism
Da vinci saw where ________ would lead. Particulars never lead to universal ___________. He though the painter could find meaning be finding ___________
humanism, meaning, soul
the reformation was turning away from the
humanistic elements
What is the significance that Michelangelo painted his own face as Nicodemus in the Pieta
humanistic pride is lessened
Ambrose in the 4th century was innovative and wrote ___________ which he taught to his people
hymns
Thomas Aquinas' thinking-that man's will was fallen, but not his intellect- can to full bloom
in the humanistic thought seen in the Renaissance in southern Europe
Aristotle represents
individuals, nature, man
the reformation centered on the ____________ ___________ God who ___________
infinite personal, has spoken in the Bible
in the middle ages, church and government were ____
intertwined
Rome did not collapse because of external barbaric invasions, but because of
inward rottenness
The renaissance in the South could have gone two ways, but its freedom brought ___________, not meaning for particular or absolutes for moral
license
John Hus said
man can only come to God through the work of Christ
Michelangelo's the Captives or "man tearing himself out of rock" can be seem to illustrate
man will be victorious
some areas of Leonardo's genius
math, engineering, art, anatomy, chemistry
the reformation exploded in the______ of Europe
north
Even though reformation countries weren't perfect, they were better than
other countries
The reintroduction of Aristotle's philosophy brought an emphasis on ___________, which have no meaning apart from ______________________
particulars, universal truth
some characteristics of Gothic architecture
pointed arches, flying buttresses, high, large windows, rose windows
Through the Middle ages, the pendulum swung back and forth between the luxurious living of the __________ and the self denial of the ______________ orders
pope/papal court, menastic
Who was John Witherspoon?
president of Princeton Uni., signer of the Declaration of Independence
What characteristics mark the collapse of Rome?
rampant sexual immortality, bombastic music, lust for entertainment, violence
What two things have artists done throughout history?
reflected their culture, provided the next step in culture
The most important thing in the Church was TRUTH, not
religiousness, experiences
Marxism/Leninism has never continued in power without its materialistic base leading to
repression
a humanistic impersonal universe has nothing to say about
right and wrong
autonomous
self-governing
What were some evidences that the artist himself was becoming more important in the renaissance
self-portraits, signing work, autobiographies
what were some distinguishing characteristics of the early church?
singing, communion, preaching/teaching of the Bible
The artwork in the early Middle Ages depicted real people in the real world, paralleled with the real people of early Christianity. Later people became ___________
symbols
syncretism
the combination of different forms of belief or practice
In the 14th century, John Wyclif arose to confront
the distortion that had come into Christianity and the Church
Wealth that resulted from the Industrial Revolution was not used with compassion, This can be seen in
twisted view of race, and labor laws
some of Leonardo's inventions
war machines, ball bearing
IN the Industrial Revolution, first __________ power was harnessed, then _______
water, steam
Dutch reformation painters
were a high point of the world/were awesome
How did the the Reformation artists view nature
wonderful, beautiful
medieval art exalted honest
work