Mastering A& P chp 26 reproductive system

How long does each menstruation typically last? (Module 26.12B)

1-7

In what order does sperm produced in the semiferous tubules pass through the following structures before being stored in the epididymis? 1) Efferent ductules 2) Straight ductules 3) Rete testis

2) straight ductules, 3) rete testis 1) efferent ductules

How many sperm will eventually be produced from each primary spermatocyte? (Module 26.3B)

4

Spermatogenesis, or sperm production, involves (1) mitosis and cell division (cytokinesis), (2) meiosis (mī-Ō-sis), a special form of cell division involved in gamete production, and (3) spermiogenesis, the differentiation of immature male gametes into physically mature sperm. Spermatogonia (singular, spermatogonium) are the stem cells in the seminiferous tubules that divide to produce spermatozoa in a process called spermatogenesis. The complete process occurs in four phases and takes about 64 days. What is the final product of meiosis?

4 haploid cells

What is the proper arrangement of the four structures listed below into the order in which sperm pass from the testis to the urethral meatus? 1. ductus deferens 2. urethra 3. ejaculatory duct 4. epididymis

4.)epididymis, 1.) ductus deferen, 3.) ejaculatory duct 2.) urethra

The pathogen responsible for nearly 75% of cervical cancers is

Human papillomavirus.

Which birth control method may utilize copper ions to inhibit sperm motility?

IUD

Which statement is correct regarding surgical sterilization in males?

In a vasectomy, each ductus deferens is cut, and either a segment is removed (and the ends tied or cauterized), or silicone plugs are inserted.

Ryan's stress and anxiety make it difficult for him to become sexually aroused, because those emotions

Inhibit parasympathetic reflexes in his body

Testosterone injections could lower Ryan's sperm count by

Inhibiting release of GnRH

Which statement is true about the emission phase in male sexual activity?

It begins with peristaltic contractions in the ampullae of the ductus deferens.

Choose the correct statement regarding testicular cancer.

The 5-year survival rate for localized testicular cancer is 99%.

The ________ carries fluid from the seminal gland through the prostate.

The ________ carries fluid from the seminal gland through the prostate.

On a warm day, would the cremaster muscle be contracted or relaxed? Why? (Module 26.2B)

The cremaster muscle would be contracted so the scrotum could descend away from the body.

Describe the three layers of the uterine wall. (Module 26.11B)

The endometrium is the inner, glandular layer; the myometrium is the middle, muscular layer; the perimetrium is the outer, incomplete serosal layer

Cite the similarities that exist between certain structures in the reproductive systems of females and males. (Module 26.13C)

The greater vestibular glands in females are similar to the bulbo-urethral glands in males and the both male penis and female clitoris contain erectile tissue.

The small paired structures at the base of the penis that secrete a thick, alkaline mucus are the

bulbo-urethral glands

The internal os connects the uterine cavity to the

cervical canal

The region between the internal os and the external os is the

cervical canal

Which birth control method provides some protection against sexually transmitted diseases? (Module 26.16A)

condoms

The clitoris

contains erectile tissue comparable to the corpora cavernosa of the penis.

Emission and ejaculation require all of the following except

contraction of the dartos muscles.

The paired erectile bodies in the penis are the

corpora cavernosa

The erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra is the

corpus spongiosum

Name the three columns of erectile tissue in the penis. (Module 26.6A)

corpus spongiosum and the paired corpora cavernosa

What uterine cycle event occurs when estrogen and progesterone decrease? (Module 26.15B)

destruction of the functional layer and menstruation

Another term for vulva is

female external genitalia

The ________ are fingerlike projections that capture the freshly ovulated ovum.

fimbriae

A rise in the blood levels of follicle-stimulating hormone at the beginning of the ovarian cycle is responsible for

follicle maturation

The ________ is the region of the vagina that surrounds the cervix.

fornix

The shallow recess that surrounds the cervical protrusion into the vagina is called the

fornix

Name the regions of the uterus. (Module 26.11C)

fundus, body, and cervix

Gardasil is a vaccine against ______, which is responsible for 75 percent of cervical cancers.

human papillomavirus

Throughout childhood, the vagina and vestibule are usually separated by which structure?

hymen

________ is defined as an inability to achieve or maintain an erection.

impotence

The surge in luteinizing hormone that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers

ovulation

Identify the functions of the vagina. (Module 26.13B)

passageway for elimination of menstrual fluids, receives the penis during sexual intercourse, and forms the inferior portion of the birth canal

The organ that delivers semen into the female reproductive tract is the

penis

Name the structures of the male external genitalia. (Module 26.1B)

penis, urethra, scrotum

The outer lining of the uterus.

perimetrium

Sperm are moved along the ductus deferens by

peristaltic contractions

The recto-uterine pouch:

pocket between the uterus and anterior colon

The fold of skin that covers the glans penis is the

prepuce

Which structure surrounds the tip of the penis, attaches to the relatively narrow neck of the penis, and continues over the glans?

prepuce

What is the function of gonads?

produce gametes and produce hormones

What roles do the ovaries perform? (Module 26.9B)

produce oocytes, secrete female sex hormones, secrete inhibin

Functions of the accessory glands of the male reproductive system include all of the following except

producing spermatozoa.

Menstruation is triggered by a drop in the levels of

progesterone

During the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle, __________.

progesterone secretion stimulates endometrial growth and secretion.

The cells that are formed during spermatogenesis by the first meiosis are called

secondary spermatocytes

The bulbo-urethral glands:

secrete a thick, alkaline mucus that helps neutralize any urinary acids.

The ________ is/are in contact with the posterior side to the urinary bladder.

seminal glands

What is the function of the ductus deferens? (Module 26.5A)

stores sperm and transports sperm to the ejaculatory duct

The broad ligament does all of the following except

support and stabilizes the position of the ovary.

On which of the following days would the level of LH be highest in a female?

the day before ovulation

Which of the following processes occurs during meiosis II?

the formation of haploid cells

The male reproductive system is most closely associated with which of the following systems?

urinary

The main organs of the female reproductive tract include all of the following except the

urinary bladder

Where does fertilization normally occur? (Module 26.8C)

uterine tube

Fertilization of an ovum usually takes place in the

uterine tube.

The organ that provides mechanical protection and nutritional support for the developing embryo is the

uterus

The vulva includes all of the following except the

vagina

In a(n) ________, each ductus deferens is cut, and either a segment is removed and the ends tied (or cauterized) or silicone plugs are inserted.

vasectomy

The space bounded by the labia minora is the

vestibule

Which of the following interactions is incorrect regarding the reproductive system?

A vasectomy is an effective way of preventing ovulation.

Compare benign prostatic hypertrophy with prostate cancer

Benign prostatic hypertrophy is an enlargement of the prostate whereas prostate cancer is a malignancy.

What are the functions of the bulbo-urethral glands? (Module 26.5B)

Bulbo-urethral glands produce mucus that neutralizes acid in the urethra and lubricates the penis.

Which is true regarding menses?

It marks the beginning of the uterine cycle.

The pituitary hormone that stimulates the interstitial cells to secrete testosterone is

LH

Choose the correct event that occurs during the development of the testes

Late in fetal development, each testis is pulled through the abdominal musculature into the scrotum.

What effect would low FSH levels have on sperm production? (Module 26.7C)

Low FSH levels would decrease the level of testosterone which decreases sperm production.

Distinguish between the vesico-uterine and recto-uterine pouches. (Module 26.9A)

The vesico-uterine pouch is between the uterus and the posterior wall of the bladder and the recto-uterine pouch is between the uterus and the anterior surface of the colon.

Define vasectomy. (Module 26.16C)

Vasectomy is the surgical sterilization of males by cutting the ductus deferens.

The spermatic cord is

a bundle of tissue that contains the ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that serve the testis.

the vagina is

a muscular tube extending between the uterus and the external genitalia.

What portion of the spermatozoon contains the enzymes necessary for fertilization?

acromosome

List the structures of a sperm. (Module 26.3C)

acrosome, head, neck, middle piece, and tail

Within spaces between the seminiferous tubules, the interstitial endocrine cells __________.

are responsible for the production of androgens

Which of the following muscles move the testes towards the body?

both the cremaster and the dartos

Which structure in the female reproductive system is not lined with cilia?

broad ligament

Which of these glands secretes a fluid that lubricates the tip of the penis?

bulbo-urethral gland

Which of the following is a barrier method of birth control?

diaphragm

The organ that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra is the

ductus deferens

Name the structures of the male internal genitalia. (Module 26.1C)

ductus deferens, seminal gland, prostate, bulbo-urethral galns, epididymis, testis

Contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscles result in

ejaculation

The inner lining of the uterus.

endometrium

Which male accessory organ functions as the site of sperm maturation?

epididymis

Trace the ductal pathway from the epididymis to the urethra. (Module 26.5C)

epididymis, ductus deferens, ampulla of ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

The primary role of FSH in males is to

initiate sperm production in the testes

Testosterone is secreted by the

interstitial cells

Which structure(s) of the female reproductive system contain(s) glands that lubricate the vaginal entrance?

labia

Near the nipple, each lactiferous duct enlarges, forming an expanded structure called a:

lactiferous sinus

Inward projections of the tunica albuginea, known as septa, divide the testis into

lobules

All of the following are true of the vagina except that it

loses a portion of its lining during menses.

The special type of cell division required to produce gametes is called

meiosis

Which stage of spermatogenesis yields four immature (undifferentiated) haploid cells?

meiosis II

Name the structures of the external genitalia. (Module 26.8B)

mons pubis, clitoris, labia

The thick muscular layer of the uterus is the

myometrium

Which uterine structure provides much of the force needed to move a fetus out of the uterus and into the vagina?

myometrium

The ligament that attaches the ovary to the uterus is the ________ ligament.

ovarian

Which is greater?

the number of primordial follicles in the ovaries at birth

During menses,

the old functional layer is sloughed off

proliferative phase of the uterine cycle:

the uterine glands are manufacturing a glycogen-rich mucus that can be metabolized by an early embryo