Mastering A& P chp 26 reproductive system
How long does each menstruation typically last? (Module 26.12B)
1-7
In what order does sperm produced in the semiferous tubules pass through the following structures before being stored in the epididymis? 1) Efferent ductules 2) Straight ductules 3) Rete testis
2) straight ductules, 3) rete testis 1) efferent ductules
How many sperm will eventually be produced from each primary spermatocyte? (Module 26.3B)
4
Spermatogenesis, or sperm production, involves (1) mitosis and cell division (cytokinesis), (2) meiosis (mī-Ō-sis), a special form of cell division involved in gamete production, and (3) spermiogenesis, the differentiation of immature male gametes into physically mature sperm. Spermatogonia (singular, spermatogonium) are the stem cells in the seminiferous tubules that divide to produce spermatozoa in a process called spermatogenesis. The complete process occurs in four phases and takes about 64 days. What is the final product of meiosis?
4 haploid cells
What is the proper arrangement of the four structures listed below into the order in which sperm pass from the testis to the urethral meatus? 1. ductus deferens 2. urethra 3. ejaculatory duct 4. epididymis
4.)epididymis, 1.) ductus deferen, 3.) ejaculatory duct 2.) urethra
The pathogen responsible for nearly 75% of cervical cancers is
Human papillomavirus.
Which birth control method may utilize copper ions to inhibit sperm motility?
IUD
Which statement is correct regarding surgical sterilization in males?
In a vasectomy, each ductus deferens is cut, and either a segment is removed (and the ends tied or cauterized), or silicone plugs are inserted.
Ryan's stress and anxiety make it difficult for him to become sexually aroused, because those emotions
Inhibit parasympathetic reflexes in his body
Testosterone injections could lower Ryan's sperm count by
Inhibiting release of GnRH
Which statement is true about the emission phase in male sexual activity?
It begins with peristaltic contractions in the ampullae of the ductus deferens.
Choose the correct statement regarding testicular cancer.
The 5-year survival rate for localized testicular cancer is 99%.
The ________ carries fluid from the seminal gland through the prostate.
The ________ carries fluid from the seminal gland through the prostate.
On a warm day, would the cremaster muscle be contracted or relaxed? Why? (Module 26.2B)
The cremaster muscle would be contracted so the scrotum could descend away from the body.
Describe the three layers of the uterine wall. (Module 26.11B)
The endometrium is the inner, glandular layer; the myometrium is the middle, muscular layer; the perimetrium is the outer, incomplete serosal layer
Cite the similarities that exist between certain structures in the reproductive systems of females and males. (Module 26.13C)
The greater vestibular glands in females are similar to the bulbo-urethral glands in males and the both male penis and female clitoris contain erectile tissue.
The small paired structures at the base of the penis that secrete a thick, alkaline mucus are the
bulbo-urethral glands
The internal os connects the uterine cavity to the
cervical canal
The region between the internal os and the external os is the
cervical canal
Which birth control method provides some protection against sexually transmitted diseases? (Module 26.16A)
condoms
The clitoris
contains erectile tissue comparable to the corpora cavernosa of the penis.
Emission and ejaculation require all of the following except
contraction of the dartos muscles.
The paired erectile bodies in the penis are the
corpora cavernosa
The erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra is the
corpus spongiosum
Name the three columns of erectile tissue in the penis. (Module 26.6A)
corpus spongiosum and the paired corpora cavernosa
What uterine cycle event occurs when estrogen and progesterone decrease? (Module 26.15B)
destruction of the functional layer and menstruation
Another term for vulva is
female external genitalia
The ________ are fingerlike projections that capture the freshly ovulated ovum.
fimbriae
A rise in the blood levels of follicle-stimulating hormone at the beginning of the ovarian cycle is responsible for
follicle maturation
The ________ is the region of the vagina that surrounds the cervix.
fornix
The shallow recess that surrounds the cervical protrusion into the vagina is called the
fornix
Name the regions of the uterus. (Module 26.11C)
fundus, body, and cervix
Gardasil is a vaccine against ______, which is responsible for 75 percent of cervical cancers.
human papillomavirus
Throughout childhood, the vagina and vestibule are usually separated by which structure?
hymen
________ is defined as an inability to achieve or maintain an erection.
impotence
The surge in luteinizing hormone that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers
ovulation
Identify the functions of the vagina. (Module 26.13B)
passageway for elimination of menstrual fluids, receives the penis during sexual intercourse, and forms the inferior portion of the birth canal
The organ that delivers semen into the female reproductive tract is the
penis
Name the structures of the male external genitalia. (Module 26.1B)
penis, urethra, scrotum
The outer lining of the uterus.
perimetrium
Sperm are moved along the ductus deferens by
peristaltic contractions
The recto-uterine pouch:
pocket between the uterus and anterior colon
The fold of skin that covers the glans penis is the
prepuce
Which structure surrounds the tip of the penis, attaches to the relatively narrow neck of the penis, and continues over the glans?
prepuce
What is the function of gonads?
produce gametes and produce hormones
What roles do the ovaries perform? (Module 26.9B)
produce oocytes, secrete female sex hormones, secrete inhibin
Functions of the accessory glands of the male reproductive system include all of the following except
producing spermatozoa.
Menstruation is triggered by a drop in the levels of
progesterone
During the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle, __________.
progesterone secretion stimulates endometrial growth and secretion.
The cells that are formed during spermatogenesis by the first meiosis are called
secondary spermatocytes
The bulbo-urethral glands:
secrete a thick, alkaline mucus that helps neutralize any urinary acids.
The ________ is/are in contact with the posterior side to the urinary bladder.
seminal glands
What is the function of the ductus deferens? (Module 26.5A)
stores sperm and transports sperm to the ejaculatory duct
The broad ligament does all of the following except
support and stabilizes the position of the ovary.
On which of the following days would the level of LH be highest in a female?
the day before ovulation
Which of the following processes occurs during meiosis II?
the formation of haploid cells
The male reproductive system is most closely associated with which of the following systems?
urinary
The main organs of the female reproductive tract include all of the following except the
urinary bladder
Where does fertilization normally occur? (Module 26.8C)
uterine tube
Fertilization of an ovum usually takes place in the
uterine tube.
The organ that provides mechanical protection and nutritional support for the developing embryo is the
uterus
The vulva includes all of the following except the
vagina
In a(n) ________, each ductus deferens is cut, and either a segment is removed and the ends tied (or cauterized) or silicone plugs are inserted.
vasectomy
The space bounded by the labia minora is the
vestibule
Which of the following interactions is incorrect regarding the reproductive system?
A vasectomy is an effective way of preventing ovulation.
Compare benign prostatic hypertrophy with prostate cancer
Benign prostatic hypertrophy is an enlargement of the prostate whereas prostate cancer is a malignancy.
What are the functions of the bulbo-urethral glands? (Module 26.5B)
Bulbo-urethral glands produce mucus that neutralizes acid in the urethra and lubricates the penis.
Which is true regarding menses?
It marks the beginning of the uterine cycle.
The pituitary hormone that stimulates the interstitial cells to secrete testosterone is
LH
Choose the correct event that occurs during the development of the testes
Late in fetal development, each testis is pulled through the abdominal musculature into the scrotum.
What effect would low FSH levels have on sperm production? (Module 26.7C)
Low FSH levels would decrease the level of testosterone which decreases sperm production.
Distinguish between the vesico-uterine and recto-uterine pouches. (Module 26.9A)
The vesico-uterine pouch is between the uterus and the posterior wall of the bladder and the recto-uterine pouch is between the uterus and the anterior surface of the colon.
Define vasectomy. (Module 26.16C)
Vasectomy is the surgical sterilization of males by cutting the ductus deferens.
The spermatic cord is
a bundle of tissue that contains the ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that serve the testis.
the vagina is
a muscular tube extending between the uterus and the external genitalia.
What portion of the spermatozoon contains the enzymes necessary for fertilization?
acromosome
List the structures of a sperm. (Module 26.3C)
acrosome, head, neck, middle piece, and tail
Within spaces between the seminiferous tubules, the interstitial endocrine cells __________.
are responsible for the production of androgens
Which of the following muscles move the testes towards the body?
both the cremaster and the dartos
Which structure in the female reproductive system is not lined with cilia?
broad ligament
Which of these glands secretes a fluid that lubricates the tip of the penis?
bulbo-urethral gland
Which of the following is a barrier method of birth control?
diaphragm
The organ that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra is the
ductus deferens
Name the structures of the male internal genitalia. (Module 26.1C)
ductus deferens, seminal gland, prostate, bulbo-urethral galns, epididymis, testis
Contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscles result in
ejaculation
The inner lining of the uterus.
endometrium
Which male accessory organ functions as the site of sperm maturation?
epididymis
Trace the ductal pathway from the epididymis to the urethra. (Module 26.5C)
epididymis, ductus deferens, ampulla of ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
The primary role of FSH in males is to
initiate sperm production in the testes
Testosterone is secreted by the
interstitial cells
Which structure(s) of the female reproductive system contain(s) glands that lubricate the vaginal entrance?
labia
Near the nipple, each lactiferous duct enlarges, forming an expanded structure called a:
lactiferous sinus
Inward projections of the tunica albuginea, known as septa, divide the testis into
lobules
All of the following are true of the vagina except that it
loses a portion of its lining during menses.
The special type of cell division required to produce gametes is called
meiosis
Which stage of spermatogenesis yields four immature (undifferentiated) haploid cells?
meiosis II
Name the structures of the external genitalia. (Module 26.8B)
mons pubis, clitoris, labia
The thick muscular layer of the uterus is the
myometrium
Which uterine structure provides much of the force needed to move a fetus out of the uterus and into the vagina?
myometrium
The ligament that attaches the ovary to the uterus is the ________ ligament.
ovarian
Which is greater?
the number of primordial follicles in the ovaries at birth
During menses,
the old functional layer is sloughed off
proliferative phase of the uterine cycle:
the uterine glands are manufacturing a glycogen-rich mucus that can be metabolized by an early embryo
