Unit 2 Support and Motion
gastrocnemius
Calf muscle
Sartorius
Flexes thigh on hip
Skull, vertebral column, ribs
List the major parts of the axial skeleton
support/framework for body, protect/guard organs, aid in movement, storage of minerals, hematopoiesis, hormone production
List the six overall functions of the skeletal system
Pelvic
The ________ girdle is the sturdiest of the two
Pectoral
The ___________ girdle provides the most flexibility and mobility
3rd class lever
The lever system that allows a bicep curl would be a
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Cocyx
What are the regions of the vertebral column in the correct order, starting in the neck
Female has a wider arch and space around sacrum
What is the main difference between the female and male pelvis
flat
a bone that has a large surface area, specifically for muscle attachment
short
a bone that has approximately the same width, length, and height
irregular
a bone with a highly specialized shape and structure, like the coxal bones
twitch
a contraction caused by a single brief stimulus is known as
ligament
a fibrous connective tissue which attaches bone to bone, and serves to hold structures together and keep them stable
synovial joints
all are functionally classified as diarthrotic
pivot joint
allows for supination and pronation
ball and socket joint
allows for the most maneuverability of all the joints
gluteus maximus
butt muscle
fibrous
connect bones with collagen fibers
pelvic bones meeting pelvis
example of a slightly moving joint
knees and elbows
example of freely moving joints
sutures of cranial bones
example of immovable joints
Myofilaments
filaments of myofibrils, constructed from proteins, principally myosin or actin
synovial joint
has a fluid-filled cavity
spongy bone
has trabeculae where the bone marrow is that also helps the bone resist stress
compact bone
is composed of osteons which bear weight and have a central canal running through the middle with blood vessels and nerves
hinge joint
joint between bones (elbows)
lattimus dorsi
large muscle on the lower back
saddle joint
makes your thumb opposable
trapezius
muscle near scapula
tarsals
name of bone that make up the ankle
fibrous
nearly all are functionally classified as synarthrotic
Acetylcholine
neurotransmitter released from vesicles in the motor neuron, changes permeability of the sacrolemma
immovable joint
offer the most stability
slightly moving
offers flexibility AND stability
freely moving joints
offers the most flexibility and maneuverability
diaphragm
prime mover of inspiration
erector spinae
prime muscle mover of back extension
sodium-potassium pump
restores the resting potential
calcium
serves as the actual "go" signal for muscle contraction once released from the sacroplasmic reticulum
tendon
serves to move the bone or structure
deltoid
shoulder muscle
synovial joints
shoulder, hip, jaw, and elbow joints
motor neuron axon releases acetylcholine when it receives an impulse from the brain
step 1 of sliding filament theory
breakdown of ATP causes cross-bridges to recock
step 10 of sliding filament theory
calcium ions are actively transported back into what stores them
step 11 of sliding filament theory
troponin and tropomyosin again inhibit the interation between myosin and actin
step 12 of sliding filament theory
acetylcholine is decomposed by acetylcholinesterase and the muscle is no longer stimulated
step 13 of sliding filament theory
acetylcholine diffuses across synaptic cleft
step 2 of sliding filament theory
sarcolemma is stimulated and the impulse travels over the muscle fiber surface and down transverse tubes to the sarcoplasmic reticulum
step 3 of sliding filament theory
calcium ions diffuse into the sarcoplasm and bind to troponin
step 4 of sliding filament theory
tropomyosin moves over and exposes sites on actin filaments
step 5 of sliding filament theory
actin sites and myosin oars form linkages
step 6 of sliding filament theory
muscle fibers shorten as contraction occurs
step 8 of sliding filament theory
ATP binding to actin breaks linkages between actin and myosin
step 9 of sliding filament theory
actin filaments are pulled inward by myosin cross-bridges
step of sliding filament theory
epimysium
surrounds muscle body
paramysium
surrounds the fasicle
endomysium
surrounds the muscle fibers/cells
fibrous
sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
short
the bones in your wrist
1st class lever
the lever system that allows you to lift your head from your chest would be a
buccinator
the main muscle of the cheek is
muscle fibers
the muscle cells that contain specialized organelles called myofilaments
hamstrings
the quadriceps are the prime movers in extension and are antagonized
action potential
the reversal of charges along the sarcolemma
irregular
the type of bone pictured to the right
long
the type of bone that most of the limb bones can be classified as
Increase the frequency of motor neuron stimulation, increase the # of motor units stimulated, increase the size of muscle fibers
three ways muscles can increase the force of their contraction
ATP
used to help myosin heads release from actin
fibula
which of the leg bones doesn't actually bear any weight but instead aids in stabilizing the ankle joint