Unit 2 Support and Motion

gastrocnemius

Calf muscle

Sartorius

Flexes thigh on hip

Skull, vertebral column, ribs

List the major parts of the axial skeleton

support/framework for body, protect/guard organs, aid in movement, storage of minerals, hematopoiesis, hormone production

List the six overall functions of the skeletal system

Pelvic

The ________ girdle is the sturdiest of the two

Pectoral

The ___________ girdle provides the most flexibility and mobility

3rd class lever

The lever system that allows a bicep curl would be a

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Cocyx

What are the regions of the vertebral column in the correct order, starting in the neck

Female has a wider arch and space around sacrum

What is the main difference between the female and male pelvis

flat

a bone that has a large surface area, specifically for muscle attachment

short

a bone that has approximately the same width, length, and height

irregular

a bone with a highly specialized shape and structure, like the coxal bones

twitch

a contraction caused by a single brief stimulus is known as

ligament

a fibrous connective tissue which attaches bone to bone, and serves to hold structures together and keep them stable

synovial joints

all are functionally classified as diarthrotic

pivot joint

allows for supination and pronation

ball and socket joint

allows for the most maneuverability of all the joints

gluteus maximus

butt muscle

fibrous

connect bones with collagen fibers

pelvic bones meeting pelvis

example of a slightly moving joint

knees and elbows

example of freely moving joints

sutures of cranial bones

example of immovable joints

Myofilaments

filaments of myofibrils, constructed from proteins, principally myosin or actin

synovial joint

has a fluid-filled cavity

spongy bone

has trabeculae where the bone marrow is that also helps the bone resist stress

compact bone

is composed of osteons which bear weight and have a central canal running through the middle with blood vessels and nerves

hinge joint

joint between bones (elbows)

lattimus dorsi

large muscle on the lower back

saddle joint

makes your thumb opposable

trapezius

muscle near scapula

tarsals

name of bone that make up the ankle

fibrous

nearly all are functionally classified as synarthrotic

Acetylcholine

neurotransmitter released from vesicles in the motor neuron, changes permeability of the sacrolemma

immovable joint

offer the most stability

slightly moving

offers flexibility AND stability

freely moving joints

offers the most flexibility and maneuverability

diaphragm

prime mover of inspiration

erector spinae

prime muscle mover of back extension

sodium-potassium pump

restores the resting potential

calcium

serves as the actual "go" signal for muscle contraction once released from the sacroplasmic reticulum

tendon

serves to move the bone or structure

deltoid

shoulder muscle

synovial joints

shoulder, hip, jaw, and elbow joints

motor neuron axon releases acetylcholine when it receives an impulse from the brain

step 1 of sliding filament theory

breakdown of ATP causes cross-bridges to recock

step 10 of sliding filament theory

calcium ions are actively transported back into what stores them

step 11 of sliding filament theory

troponin and tropomyosin again inhibit the interation between myosin and actin

step 12 of sliding filament theory

acetylcholine is decomposed by acetylcholinesterase and the muscle is no longer stimulated

step 13 of sliding filament theory

acetylcholine diffuses across synaptic cleft

step 2 of sliding filament theory

sarcolemma is stimulated and the impulse travels over the muscle fiber surface and down transverse tubes to the sarcoplasmic reticulum

step 3 of sliding filament theory

calcium ions diffuse into the sarcoplasm and bind to troponin

step 4 of sliding filament theory

tropomyosin moves over and exposes sites on actin filaments

step 5 of sliding filament theory

actin sites and myosin oars form linkages

step 6 of sliding filament theory

muscle fibers shorten as contraction occurs

step 8 of sliding filament theory

ATP binding to actin breaks linkages between actin and myosin

step 9 of sliding filament theory

actin filaments are pulled inward by myosin cross-bridges

step of sliding filament theory

epimysium

surrounds muscle body

paramysium

surrounds the fasicle

endomysium

surrounds the muscle fibers/cells

fibrous

sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses

short

the bones in your wrist

1st class lever

the lever system that allows you to lift your head from your chest would be a

buccinator

the main muscle of the cheek is

muscle fibers

the muscle cells that contain specialized organelles called myofilaments

hamstrings

the quadriceps are the prime movers in extension and are antagonized

action potential

the reversal of charges along the sarcolemma

irregular

the type of bone pictured to the right

long

the type of bone that most of the limb bones can be classified as

Increase the frequency of motor neuron stimulation, increase the # of motor units stimulated, increase the size of muscle fibers

three ways muscles can increase the force of their contraction

ATP

used to help myosin heads release from actin

fibula

which of the leg bones doesn't actually bear any weight but instead aids in stabilizing the ankle joint