HPRS hsa

5) What are hospitalists?

"Hospitalists", created in 1996, are providers that focus specifically on the care of a patient when they are hospitalized. This new type of provider recognized the need of providing quality hospital care.

3) What are examples of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)?

1. Chiropractic manipulations 2. Meditation 3. Diet therapies 4. Yoga

Which of the following statements are accurate regarding nurses?

1. Nurses constitute the largest group of health care professionals. 2. Nurses provide the majority of care to patients. 3. Nurses represent 20% of the healthcare workforce.

5) What are the primary responsibilities of pharmacy technicians?

1. Take from customers or health professionals the information needed to fill a prescription. 2. Count tablets and measure amounts of other medication for prescriptions 3. Compound or mix medications, such as preparing ointments

Copayments

2) Used in both fee for service and prepaid plans, copayments are costs that the patient must pay at the time they receive the services. It is a designated dollar amount.

1. One in four Americans experiences a mental disorder in any one year. 2. Half of all lifetime mental health issues begin by age 14.

3) Which statements are accurate regarding mental health disorders in the U.S.?

Health information technology's (HIT) goal is to manage the health data that can be used by patients/consumers, insurance companies, health care providers, health care administrators and any stakeholder that has an interest in health care. HIT impacts every aspect of the health care industry. All of the stakeholders in the health care industry use HIT. IT has had a tremendous impact on the health care industry because it allows documentation of every transaction to be more quickly documented. When an industry focuses on saving lives, it is important that all activity has a written document that describes the activity. Computerization of documentation has increased the management efficiency of health care data.

3) Why is health information technology important to healthcare?

a) The science of computer application that supports clinical and research data in different areas of healthcare.

4) The general term of health or medical informatics refers to:

1. written statement that includes the purpose and duration of the study 2. the procedures and duration of the study clearly defined any risk and benefits clearly defined

5) What are the components of common elements of informed consent for a research study?

1. All participants adopt the technology 2. Establishment of a reliable HIT infrastructure 3. Ongoing training for all employees

6) The critical success factors medical practices need to consider for successful HIT implementation include:

2) More than _________ medication-related deaths occur each year as a result of incompatible drug interactions and drug allergies.

7,000

. Medicare Part A is primarily financed from payroll taxes. The employer and employee contribute to the Social Security (Medicare) fund. Employees contribute 1.45 percent of wages which is matched by employers. Self-employed individuals pay 2.9% of eamings. Part A covers hospital inpatient services, care in a skilled nursing facility, home health visits and hospice care. The following is a Summary of Part A benefits: .Hospitalization, skilled nursing facility services, some home health and hospice are available premium free to individuals 65 ycars or older when they have been receiving benefits for 24 months. Others can utilize these services but must pay a premium and must enroll in Part B. Enrollment for Part A is January-March of each year with benefits beginning July 1st of that January-March of that year.

A) Describe Medicare Part A Hospital Insurance

4) What are the four basic values that all health care providers should observe?

According to Beauchamp and Childress (2001) and Gillon industry is based on five basic values that all healthcare providers should observe.

2) The _________________ Act requires most U.S. citizens and legal residents to purchase health insurance if they can afford it or pay a penalty.

Affordable Care Act

Explain the concept of the graying of the U.S. population and its impact on healthcare.

As the U.S. population's life expectancy continues to increase -increasing the "graying" of the population- the United States will be confronted with more chronic health issues because, as we age, more chronic health conditions develop which will require more use of the healthcare system.

insurance Medicare Part B is a supplemental health plan to cover physician services. It is financed 24% from enrollee premiums and 76% from federal treasury .Coverage includes physician care, durable medical funds. The following is a summary of Part B benefits: equipment, and physician ordered supplies, ambulatory surgical services, outpatient hospital care, outpatient mental health services, and laboratory services. Part B is made available when enrollees sign up for Part A.

B) Describe Medicare Part B Voluntary medical insurance

2) ____________ is a field of study concerned with the ethics and its implications of certain biological and medical procedures and technologies such as cloning, altermative reproductive methods such as in vitro fertilization, organ transplants, genetic engineering, and care of the terminally ill.

Bioethics

Describe Medicare Part Medicare Part C is also referred to as Medicare managed care. It is required to cover all services in Parts A and B. It is voluntary and available when an individual enrols in Parts A and B. This program was designed to move Medicare patients into more cost effective health insurance programs such as HMOS or PPOS. Enrollment is November 15--December 31 of cach year with benefits starting January 1 of the next year. Part C also established anti-fraud and abuse programs, additional prevention programs for prostate cancer, colorectal screenings and mammography, rural initiatives and the establishment of the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) for low-income children.

C) Describe Medicare Part C

_____________ of hospitals enables them to obtain Medicare reimbursement . This type of certification is mandated by the Department of Health and Human Services. All hospitals that receive Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement must adhere to _____________ services which emphasize patient health and safety.

Certfication, conditions of participation

A hospitalist is a:

Created in 1996, are providers that focus specifically on the care of a patient when they are hospitalized. this new type of provider recognized the need of providing quality hospital care.

The Medicare Prescription Drug improvement and Modernization Act of 2003, which authorized Medicare Part D, produced the largest additions and changes to Medicare and was projected to cost nearly S750 billion in the first 10 years. Tax revenues of the federal government supports approximately 78% of the program costs, 10% is financed through monthly premiums, 11% is financed by state payments and I percent from other sources. It is purpose was lo provide relief from costly prescription costs for seniors. Like Part B, it is a voluntary program because enrollees pay a premium for coverage. Effective January 1, 2006, this program developed a prescription drug program for enrollees. The following is a summary of Part D benefits: Affordable prescription drug plans were made available for Medicare Advantage plan enrollees und traditional Medicare health plans For seniors who are considered indigent, the MMA establishes a low income subsidy for the costs of Part D.

D) Describe Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Benefit

4) What is the difference between the life expectancy of a female and male in the U.S?

Females typically live longer than males.

Chapter 8 1) _______________________ provide employees with the option of setting aside pretax income to pay for out of pocket medical expenses. Employees must submit claims for these expenses and are reimbursed from their spending accounts. The drawback is that the amount set aside must be spent within one year.

Flexible spending accounts (FSA)

2) The ______________ Administration is responsible for advancing the public health by helping to speed innovations that make medicines and foods more effective, safer, and more affordable. This includes ensuring that food, human and veterinary products, biological, medical devices, cosmetics and electronic products are safe.

Food and Drug Administration

Chapter 10 1) _____________ are systems that store, transmit, collect and retrieve these data.

Health Information systems

Chapter 5 1) Define and describe the determinants of health.

Health has several determinants or influences that impact the status of an individual's health. Within the immediate environment of an individual, there is the social and physical environment-external influences on health. The physical environment would include pollutants, hazardous exposure at work, water contamination, etc. The social environment would include socioeconomic status which relates directly to quality of health. Individuals with a higher income level are less exposed to environmental risks and increase access to quality health care, The individual's health status is also impacted by their personal behavior and their biology or genetic makeup. An individual's lifestyle or behavior includes dict, exercise, sexual activity, stressful job, which all have an impact on health. Also, genetic factors or a person's biology predispose individuals to certain diseases. The determinants of health depicted tie into the role of public health in the health care delivery system because public health focuses on the impact of these determinants on an individual's health. Public health provides health education and other preventive activities to a consumer so they will understand the negative impact these determinants may have on their health status, These activities are often categorized as primary, secondary and occasionally tertiary prevention

4) Which population is more likely to use hospital emergency rooms for their healthcare?

Indigent population, the elderly, and Medicaid recipients use emergency rooms for healthcare.

Chapter I1 1) The concept of _____________ is based on the patient's right to make an informed decision regarding medical than a patient signing an informed consent form-it is the treatment. It is a legal requirement in all 50 states. It is more communication between the provider and patient regarding a specific medical treatment.

Informed consent

5) A typical hospice team includes which of the following?

It consists of the Clergy, Social workers, and Physicians and nurses.

5) What role do social media play in the healthcare industry?

It has become a communication tool for patients, providers and a tool for heathcare education.

4) What is the role of the local health department in the health care system?

Local health departments are the government organization that provides most direct services to the population. There are approximately 3,000 local health departments across the U.S (Pointer et al, 2007). Although their organizational structures may differ across the U.S, their basic role is to provide direct public health services to their designated areas. It is difficult to generalize what types of services are offered by local health departments because they do vary according to geographic location but most are involved in communicable disease control.

2. _____________ refers to the cost management of health care services utilization by controlling who the consumer sees and how much the service cost.

Managed care

Chapter 12 I) ___________ ethics focuses on the decisions health care providers make on the patient's medical treatment. Euthanasia or physician assisted suicide would be examples of these types of decisions

Medical

Chapter 7 1) ____________ are trained artists that portray visually scientific information to teach both the professionals and the public about medical issues.

Medical illustrators

A maximum of 90 days of inpatient hospital care is allowed per episode of illness with a lifetime remain when the 90 days has exceeded. reserve of 60 additional hospital inpatient days

Medicare patients pay a deductible of one hospital day of care with copayments for each of the 65-90 day equal to 25% of the deductible.

4) _________ was implemented in 1965 to provide health care access to the elderly and __________ the poor.

Medicare, Medicaid

3) Epidemiologic surveillance consists of:

Monitoring disease outbreaks to develop public health intervention strategies to combat disease.

3) The __________________ was passed to impose safety and health legislation to prevent injury, illiness, and death in the workplace. This includes ALL workplaces such as building sites, restaurants, stores, and medical facilities.

Occupational Health and Safety Act (OSHA)

3) Which agency was established in 1970 to govern the workplace environment to ensure that employees have a safe and healthy environment?

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

2) The ______________ states that the patient has the right to all information from this provider regarding any testing. diagnoses, and treatments. This information must be provided to the patient in terms that the patient will be able to understand.

Patient Bill of Rights

3) In 1973, the first ________ was established to protect healthcare consumers in hospitals.

Patient Bill of Rights

3) In the phrase, " The U.S. spends more per capita on healthcare than any other country worldwide', what does 'per capita' mean?

Per Capita means per person.

6) A ___________ operates equipment to support or replace a patient's circulatory or respiratory function.

Perfusionist

2) _________ _____________ _____ _____________ is a mental disorder that results from traumatic events in individuals' lives such as war. terrorism, violence and accidents.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

What is the difference between primary, secondary and tertiary prevention? Provide specific examples of each of those activities.

Primary prevention: Primary prevention avoids the development of a disease. Promotion activities such as health education are primary prevention. Other examples include smoking cessation programs, immunization programs, and educational programs for pregnancy and employee safety. State health departments often develop targeted large education campaigns regarding a specific health issue in their area Secondary prevention: Secondary prevention activities are focused on early disease detection which prevents progression of the disease. Screening programs such as high blood pressure testing is an example of secondary prevention activities. Colonoscopies and mammograms are also examples of secondary prevention activities. Tertiary prevention: Tertiary prevention reduces the impact of an already established disease by reducing disease related complications. Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation and monitoring of diseased individuals. A person with high blood pressure who is taking blood pressure medicine example of tertiary prevention.

5) __________________ are specialty physicians who can prescribe medication and admit patients to hospitals.

Psychiatrists

6) ______________________, who also participate in the treatment of mental health, cannot prescribe drugs but provide different types of therany

Psychologists

2) What are residential care facilities? Give three examples.

Residential care facilities provide around the clock social and personal care to the elderly, children, and other who cannot take care of themselves. Examples of residential care facilities are drug rehabilitation centers, group homes, and assisted living facilities

Chapter 6 1) ___________ programs provide systematic relief to those caregivers who need a mental break. It also forestalls the ill patient from being placed in a facility. It is a temporary care program.

Respite care

Chapter 14 1) __________________ is a type of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) that surgeons manipulate robotic arms to perform surgeries normally performed by humans.

Robotic surgery

3) All human beings possess stem cells which are "starter" Sells for the development of body tissue which have yet to be formed into specialized tissues for certain parts of the body.

TRUE

5) ____________ information technology to deliver is the broad term that encompasses the use of education, research and clinical care. An important between providers and their activity of telehealth is the use of email as a communication patients.

Telehealth

4) __________________ an amendment to ERISA, was passed to protect employees who lost or changed employers so they could keep their health insurance if they paid 102% of the full premium

The Consolidate Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986 (COBRA)

Chapter 4 1) Who is the Surgeon General and what is the role of this person?

The Surgeon General is the U.S. chief health educator who provides information on how to improve U.S. health. The Surgeon General, who is appointed by the President of the United States, the Office of the Surgeon General oversees the operations of the commissioned U. S. Public Health Service Corps who provide support to the Surgeon General.

5) Why does the U.S. have a lower medical school graduate rate than other countries?

The curriculum is very difficult AND the cost is very expensive.

4) _____________ protects both the employer and employee if there is a job-related injury and illness.

The worker's compensation program

5) What is the difference between civil law and criminal law?

There are civil and criminal laws that impact the health care industry. Civil law focuses on the wrongful acts against individuals and organizations based on contractual violutions. Torts, derived from the French word "wrong", is a category of wrongful acts, in civil law, which may not have a preexisting contract. To prove a civil infraction, you do not need as much evidence as in a criminal case. Criminal law is concerned with actions that are illegal based on court decisions. In order to convict someone of a criminal activity, it has to be proven without a reasonable doubt of guilt. Examples of criminal law infractions would be Medicare fraud, illegal abortions, etc

2) What do the American Cancer Society American Health Association all have in American Health common?

They all have active health promotion activities at the national, state and local levels.

4) Primary prevention activities focus on:

a) Reducing disease development

Two types of Managed Care:

a. Health maintenance organizations (HMOS) are the oldest type of managed care. Members must see their primary care provider first in order to see a specialist. b. Preferred Provider Organizations do not have a gatekeeper like the HMO so a member does not need a referral to see a specialist.

6) Inpatient services typically focus on _______ _____ which includes secondary and tertiary care levels that most likely require inpatient care.

acute care

2) Employee assistance programs (EAPS)

are a type of occupational health program. Established in the 1970s as an intervention for emplyee drug and alcohol abuse , the program has expanded to offer other services such as tobacco cessation programs and mental health counseling and referrals.

Certified nursing assistants (CNAS) are

are unlicensed patient attendants who work under the supervision of physicians and nurses.

Chapter 3 1) There is a principle of the U.S. health care system, _______________which means that any person deserves basic health care.

duty to treat

1. _______________ the traditional health provider. This system increased the costs of healthcare insurance plan that paid a fee for a provided service by the throughout its history.

fee for service (FFS) system

2) Health information technology's (HIT)

goal is to manage the health data that can be used by patients/consumers, insurance companies, health care providers, health care administrators and any stakeholder that has an interest in health care..

3) The Affordable Care Act requires

insurance companies to cover young adults on their parents' insurance until age 26, even if they are not living with their parents, are not declared dependents on their parents' taxes, or are no longer students. TRUE p.30

Chapter 13 1) The Surgeon General's report on mental health defines ___________ ________________ as conditions that alter thinking processes, moods, or behavior that results in dysfunction or stress. It can be psychological or biological in nature.

mental disorders

The four basic values that all health care providers should observe are:

observe: and that health çare providers must respect their patients" Respect for autonomy - decision making may be different decisions even if they differ from their own (Beauchamp&Childress, 2001; Gilon, 1994). - Beneficence - the health care provider should have the patient's best interests when making a decision: Non malfeasance - the health care worker will cause no harm when taking action: Justice - health care providers will make fair decisions; and - Dignity - patients should be treated with respect and dignity.

4) The most common mental disorders include _______ which are excessive fear of objects or activities, substance abuse, and affective disorders-which are emotional states such as depression.

phobias

Chapter 2 1) The Physician Compare website is established to ______

to help consumers with research about their physicians to help consumers find out which physicians accept Medicare, specialty, and location of their services.