HPX Chapter 4

Of the following polysaccharides, which is digested most rapidly?

Amylopectin

Which type of starch makes up 80% of digestible starches in the diet?

Amylopectin

The liver and muscles are the major storage sites for

Glycogen

Which of the following are common food sources of amylose?

Beans Vegetables Breads

Foods in the Dairy group are rich sources of fiber.

False

Which macronutrient provides 9 kilocalories per gram?

Fat

Which type of carbohydrate is formed by linking many (e.g., hundreds) of glucose units together?

Polysaccharides

Which of the following is a benefit of soluble fiber?

Reduces total serum cholesterol

How is fiber different from starches?

The chemical bonds in fibers that hold the sugar units together cannot be digested, preventing the absorption of these sugars.

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

To provide energy for the body

True or false: Because of its branched structure that can be broken down quickly, glycogen is an ideal storage form of carbohydrate in the body.

True

True or false: Both fiber and starch are types of polysaccharides.

True

True or false: The primary function of carbohydrates in the body is to provide energy.

True

Vegetables, beans, breads, pasta, and rice are common food sources of

amylose

What is a digestible straight-chain type of starch composed of glucose units called?

amylose

Choose the group of substances that are classified as dietary fiber.

cellulose gums hemicelluloses pectins

What is the major monosaccharide in the body?

glucose

The advantage of the branched structure of ______ is that it allows multiple enzymes to attach to its structure and break it apart quickly.

glycogen

The cellulose in the skin of the apple is primarily ______ fiber.

insoluble

Examples of whole grains include ______.

millet and oats dark rye quinoa

Glucose is the major ______ found in the body.

monosaccharide

Mucilages, lignin, and cellulose are ______.

nonstarch polysaccharides in foods dietary fiber

When many sugar-units (from 10 to 1000 or more) are bonded together, they form a

polysaccharide

Carbohydrates containing many glucose units, from 1000 or more are called _____.

polysaccharides

Complex carbohydrates are also known as

starch

What are some natural food sources of sucrose?

sugar beets and maple sugar

Amaranth, popcorn, whole wheat bread, and wild rice are all examples of ______.

whole grains

Teresa consumes one serving of a food that contains one gram of carbohydrate, one gram of fat, and one gram of protein. What is the total number of calories she is getting from the food?

17 kcal

Amylopectin makes up about ______% of the digestible starches in the diet.

80

Which of the following statements about fiber are true?

A substance found in plants Is a complex carbohydrate Adds bulk to feces

Which macronutrients provide 4 kilocalories per gram?

Carbohydrates

Which fiber type increases fecal bulk and decreases intestinal transit time?

Insoluble Nonfermentable

Which of the following are major storage sites for glycogen?

Liver and muscle

Is milk a natural source of sucrose?

No, it is the natural source of Lactose

Which description best describes a starch?

a carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form the body can digest

Amylopectin vs Amylose

amylases move sequentially from the ends of chain, t/f branched chains have more places where amylase can start, t/f making blood glucose rise quicker explains why amylopectin has a higher glycemic index

Which polysaccharide is a digestible, branched-chain type of starch composed of glucose units?

amylopectin

Which of the following are examples of polysaccharides?

amylopectin cellulose amylose

Because of its branched polysaccharide structure, ______ is digested more rapidly than ______.

amylopectin; amylose

Name the long, straight-chain type of starch that makes up about 20% of digestible starch.

amylose