HR
features of empathy
P- positive regard R- respect and warmth C- concreteness (specificity) I- immediacy C- congruence (authenticity)
purpose of summary
Tie together multiple elements in a client's message Identify common theme Interrupt excessive rambling Start a session End a session Review progress Serve as a transition when changing topics
parroting
To repeat someone else's words without thinking or understanding
paraphrases
a statement that says something that another person said in a different way, rephrasing the content of clients message
what is critical in reflection
accuracy and clarity
rogerian client centered
all about emotions in relationships, when things are not right --> they are unbalanced
what is the key emotion that must be talked about according to freud
anxiety
carl rogers and empathy
believed empathy to be the core aspect of therapy
freudian psychoanalysis
believed in unresolved emotional experiences
what is central to theoretical orientations
emotions
when to reflect feelings
feelings about interview itself, client is having trouble telling story, strong emotions not being expressed
who believed feelings are a direct result of unresolved conflict
freud
goal of reflecting feelings
helps make clear the feelings underlying behavior, help clients sort out complex feelings, help client tell story
how to attend to entire message
initiation/development phase of counseling have the client tell their story
tools needed for reflecting content
minimal encouragers paraphrases summaries
difference between summary and paraphrase
more material in summary and covers more time
what must be done to display empathy
must be reflected back and make sure helpee understands that you know
cognitive behavioral
new focus on emotional experiences, clients may bring past passage with anxiety and depression
how to identify feelings
posture voice mannerisms
how to paraphrase?
recall the message and restate it to yourself, identity content part of message, select appropriate sentence stem, translate key content into your own words, check accuracy of paraphrase
summaries
recap information shared by helpee over a LONGER PERIOD OF TIME, covers more ideas
minimal encouragers
small verbal cues that encourage a help to talk with minimum interruption or influence by helpee
empathy
the counselors ability to sense the clients world the way they client does AND convey understanding back to them
how to reflect back emotions (carl rogers)
therapist is sensing feelings and personal meanings of the client in moments (reflects back emotions)
why reflect?
- lets helpee know they hear what they are saying - saw point of view regarding content - check for accuracy - help talk more in detail
DIPGAAT
-development -inventory -priority - goal formulation - action plan formulation - action plan - termination
how to summarize
1) Recall key content 2) Identify patterns or themes 3) Use sentence stem 4) Summarize 5) Assess the effectiveness of summary
two part skill in reflecting feelings
1. correctly identifying feelings 2. reflect the feeling back
must reflect _________ emotions
ALL (positive and neg)
