HR

features of empathy

P- positive regard R- respect and warmth C- concreteness (specificity) I- immediacy C- congruence (authenticity)

purpose of summary

Tie together multiple elements in a client's message Identify common theme Interrupt excessive rambling Start a session End a session Review progress Serve as a transition when changing topics

parroting

To repeat someone else's words without thinking or understanding

paraphrases

a statement that says something that another person said in a different way, rephrasing the content of clients message

what is critical in reflection

accuracy and clarity

rogerian client centered

all about emotions in relationships, when things are not right --> they are unbalanced

what is the key emotion that must be talked about according to freud

anxiety

carl rogers and empathy

believed empathy to be the core aspect of therapy

freudian psychoanalysis

believed in unresolved emotional experiences

what is central to theoretical orientations

emotions

when to reflect feelings

feelings about interview itself, client is having trouble telling story, strong emotions not being expressed

who believed feelings are a direct result of unresolved conflict

freud

goal of reflecting feelings

helps make clear the feelings underlying behavior, help clients sort out complex feelings, help client tell story

how to attend to entire message

initiation/development phase of counseling have the client tell their story

tools needed for reflecting content

minimal encouragers paraphrases summaries

difference between summary and paraphrase

more material in summary and covers more time

what must be done to display empathy

must be reflected back and make sure helpee understands that you know

cognitive behavioral

new focus on emotional experiences, clients may bring past passage with anxiety and depression

how to identify feelings

posture voice mannerisms

how to paraphrase?

recall the message and restate it to yourself, identity content part of message, select appropriate sentence stem, translate key content into your own words, check accuracy of paraphrase

summaries

recap information shared by helpee over a LONGER PERIOD OF TIME, covers more ideas

minimal encouragers

small verbal cues that encourage a help to talk with minimum interruption or influence by helpee

empathy

the counselors ability to sense the clients world the way they client does AND convey understanding back to them

how to reflect back emotions (carl rogers)

therapist is sensing feelings and personal meanings of the client in moments (reflects back emotions)

why reflect?

- lets helpee know they hear what they are saying - saw point of view regarding content - check for accuracy - help talk more in detail

DIPGAAT

-development -inventory -priority - goal formulation - action plan formulation - action plan - termination

how to summarize

1) Recall key content 2) Identify patterns or themes 3) Use sentence stem 4) Summarize 5) Assess the effectiveness of summary

two part skill in reflecting feelings

1. correctly identifying feelings 2. reflect the feeling back

must reflect _________ emotions

ALL (positive and neg)