HRPO1311 Exam 1 Review
_____ diversity refers differences in the concentration of valuable social assets or resources such as rank, pay, decision-making authority, and status.
Disparity
If a company creates and maintains a culture that encourages employees to bring new ideas into the company, it is most likely to be using what strategy?
Differentiation
____ attempts to explain how people select, interpret, and change various situations.
Interactionalism
Maximizing the efficiency of the manufacturing or product development process to minimize costs is referred to as _________.
Operational Excellence
A manager who groups jobs into units and establishes patterns of authority is performing which function of management?
Organizing
The _________ method relies on systematic studies that identify and replicate a result using a variety of methods, samples, and settings.
Scientific
__________ management is based on the belief that productivity is maximized when organizations are rationalized with precise sets of instructions based on time-and-motion studies.
Scientific
A manager who can see how the various tasks within the organization fit together and how each task contributes toward the "big picture" has strong
conceptual skills.
A(n) _________ worker is employed in a company on an impermanent or part-time basis.
contingent
The oversight of a public corporation by its board of directors is called ____.
corporate governance.
What strategy focuses on company expansion, either organically or through acquisitions?
growth
Organizational behavior (OB) typically includes the study of which of the following basic components?
human behavior in organizations.
After World War I, attention shifted away from scientific management to understanding the role of _____________ in organizations.
human factors and psychology
What is the term for a written prediction specifying expected relationships between certain variables?
hypothesis
Psychological contracts create _______ promises and obligations between employees and the employer.
implicit
Which of the following is NOT a resource category that organizations use in the pursuit of goals and objectives?
intangible
Under the systems view, the profits that Wal-Mart receives as a result of the services it provides is one type of
output
Which of the following is a cultural dimension identified by Hofstede?
power distance
Which of the following terms refers to the degree of inequality that exists and that is accepted among people with and without power?
power distance
What term refers to employer and employee expectations of the employment relationship that operate over and above the formal contract of employment?
psychological contract
Turnover occurs when people
quit their jobs
What letter is used to refer to a correlation?
r
Which of the following is NOT a source of competitive advantage?
selling the most expensive version of an adequate product
Deming felt that when things go wrong, there is a 94 percent chance that the ________ rather than the __________ is the cause.
system, worker
An engineer who can solve complex mathematical equations on the job has strong
technical skills
Organizational behavior focuses on
the human side of management.
Some outcomes can be studied at the individual, group, and organization levels. Which of the following is generally assessed at both the individual and organizational levels?
Absenteeism
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects a dramatic increase in workers ____ during the next decade.
Age 65 and older
Which statement accurately describes a downside of information technology?
It has increased a sense of urgency vis-à-vis decision-making.
Which is NOT an important reason for understanding organizational behavior?
Sole proprietorships are increasing common for entrepreneurial organizations.
Businesses pursuing a ______________ strategy focus on a narrow market segment or niche.
Specialization
According to Michael Porter, to have a competitive advantage, a company must ultimately be able to give customers _______________.
Superior value for their money.
When you notice that someone is tall, what type of diversity are you noticing?
Surface-Level diversity
One of the largest employment discrimination lawsuits was settled for more than $11.7 million against Walmart and Sam's Club. What was the main group that was discriminated in this case?
Women
As the age diversity of work groups increases, it becomes increasingly likely that
an older employee will report to a younger supervisor
The ethnic and cultural mix of the U.S. workforce is _____.
changing
A knowledge worker's career path may run parallel to a management career path. The benefit of this path for the worker is
compensation that is equivalent to that available to management.
Car makers design and produce new model cars much more quickly now than they did in the past. This is an example of
decreased cycle time
All of the following are inputs an organization receives from its environment EXCEPT
employee behaviors
Which of the following is a component of surface-level diversity?
ethnicity
The belief that one's culture is superior to all others is called
ethnocentrism.
The most significant source of change impacting many organizations today is increasing
globalization
Which of the following is a component of deep-level diversity?
goals
A _________ is a collection of verbal and symbolic assertions that specify how and why variables are related, and the conditions under which they should and should not relate.
theory
All of the following are true about stereotypes EXCEPT
they lead to an appreciation of individual differences
What level of the corporate ladder is least diverse?
top management
Understanding and addressing the environment of a business has traditionally been the purview of
top managers
Which of the following terms refers to the degree of anxiety people feel in unfamiliar situations?
uncertainty avoidance
Which of the following best reflects low individualism?
valuing harmony more highly than honesty