hsa

Calculate the Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) for a person who dies at age 19.5, using the standard age of 65.

45.5

Which of the following are brownfields (select all that apply)?

Abandoned gas station Abandoned industrial factory Landfill

Which of the following is an example of an environmental change strategy?

Adding speed bumps in parking lots

Which of the following is not one of the three stages of the general adaptation syndrome model?

Agitation

Which of the following is spread through direct transmission?

Airborne diseases Correct! None of the answers are correct Vehicleborne diseases Vectorborne diseases

Formaldehyde is an example of?

All answers are correct An indoor air pollutant A volatile organic compound A carcinogen

Which of the following can cause mental disorders?

All answers are correct Genetics Brain function impairment Poor prenatal care

Which of the following terms describes a type of managed care?

All answers are correct Health Maintenance Organization Preferred Provider Organization Medicare Advantage

Which of the following is an example of a vector?

All answers are correct Mosquito Tick Flea

Which of the following is an example of an occupational illness or disorder?

All answers are correct Noise-induced hearing loss Skin diseases and disorders Poisonings

Which of the following terms can be applied to Ebola?

All answers are correct Zoonosis disease Declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization Endemic Pandemic

Which of the following is an example of an independent provider?

Allopathic provider Complementary/Alternative Medicine practitioner Correct! All answers are correct Chiropractor

Which of the following organizations is not considered a quasi-governmental organization?

American Lung Association

Callie is a mother that worries a lot about her family. If she is concerned about her family suffering from an unintentional injury, she should be most concerned when her children are?

At home

Why is Ebola considered endemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)?

Because Ebola is spread by wild animals

Which of the following populations are considered at "nutrition-risk" for purposes of receiving benefits under the Women, Infants and Children (WIC) program?

Breastfeeding women Children under age 5 Infants up to 1 year of age Correct! All answers are correct Pregnant women

Which of the following was a challenge in providing aid to local communities where Ebola was spreading (more than one answer may apply)?

Burial practices Regional conflict and violence Poor health system infrastructure Myths and misinformation ALL

Which of the following ABCD skin cancer warning signs is incorrect?

C is for cancer type (whether the mole is cancerous or benign)

The government insurance program that specifically targets low-income children who are ineligible for other insurance coverage is:

CHIP

Which of the following provides health insurance coverage for children

CHIP

China once had a policy that each family could only have one child. This policy was developed to combat?

Carrying capacity issues

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the World Health Organization (WHO) and the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic (according to the lecture)? (You may have multiple answers.)

China censured at least one doctor who later died of COVID-19 WHO team visited China and reported no delays in information sharing The United States withdrew as a member state of the WH

Which of the following terms best describes this scenario? In February 2017, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) joined 18 other healthcare organizations to express unified support for maternity coverage for all women in all health insurance plans. The formal, long-term group of 18 organizations and ACOG is an example of a:

Coalition

Which of the following federal agencies contribute to the betterment of our nation's health?

Department of Labor Department of Homeland Security Department of Health and Human Services Environmental Protection Agency Correct! All answers are correct

Which of the following is used to classify mental disorders?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5)

Which of the following international health organizations was criticized for its handling of the Ebola crisis?

Doctors Without Borders Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Correct! None of the answers are correct American Red Cross

Which of the following are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (select all that apply)?

Environmental contaminants Peticides Commercial chemicals

Title X was signed into law to provide:

Family planning services and help to all who wanted them but could not afford them

Which of the following best fills in the blank? For forty years, Big Sugar deflected all threats to its multi-billion dollar empire, while sweetening the world's food supply. Doctors are now treating the first generation of children suffering from _____________.

Fatty liver disease

Which of the following is considered a direct form of transmission?

Handshake from person carrying a virus

Which of the following terms best describes the resistance of a population to the spread of an infectious agent based on the immunity of a high portion of individuals (e.g. those who have been vaccinated against a disease)?

Herd immunity

Which of the following terms best describes the time period between disease exposure and the onset of symptoms?

Incubation period

Which of the following agencies is not part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services?

Indian Health Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) Correct! All answers are agencies within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

Which of the following is an example of a physical factor affecting the health of a community?

Industrial development

Which of the following is not a core public health function of state health agencies?

Inspection of restaurants

Which of the following authored a report for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts that outlined public health needs for the state?

Lemuel Shattuck

Which of the following is an example of a vehicle-borne disease

Malaria Correct! None of the answers are correct Zika Lyme disease

Which of the following can be a reservoir of an infectious agent?

Monica who has the measles Correct! All answers are correct Rachel who has recovered fromCOVID-19, but is still infectious Ross's pet monkey

Which of the following medical advances led to a reduction in the number of lobotomies practiced?

New medications

Which of the following best describes Alzheimer's disease?

Noncommunicable, chronic disease

Which of the following best describes lung cancer?

Noncommunicable, chronic disease

Which of the following is an example of a direct mode of disease transmission

None of the answers are correct Airborne Vehicle-borne Vector-borne

Which of the following is part of the Department of Health and Human Services?

None of the answers are part of the Department of Health and Human Services Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)

Is the following situation an example of an observational study or an experimental study? "Dr. Schultz followed 400 patients over 10 years that lived in the same geographic area to compare those who had heart disease and those who did not to see if there were differences in their diets."

Observational

Which type of study is the following example? Brittany finds 200 individuals, where 100 of them have taken Vitamin D for the past 2 years, and the other 100 have not taken Vitamin D for the past 2 years. Brittany then reviews the health records of all 200 people to draw conclusions on the affects of Vitamin D.

Observational study

Which of the following methods of reimbursement to providers is determined ahead of time (before a service is provided)?

Package d pricing Capitation Prospective reimbursement Correct Answer All answers are correct

Which of the following statements regarding intentional injuries is not true?

Perpetrators are less likely to have been abused or neglected

Which of the following is not an allied healthcare professional?

Physician assistant (PA)

Kevin wants to analyze data on men who developed prostate cancer over the past 30 years. Which type of rate should he use in his analysis?

Prevalence rate

Which of the following statements regarding managed care is true?

Provider networks are a common feature of managed care plans Correct! All answers are correct Limited choice and gatekeeping are common features The goal of managed care is to control costs by controlling healthcare utilization

Which of the following is not spread through direct transmission?

Rabies

Which of the following is not considered to be intimate partner violence?

Sexual violence Correct! All answers are correct Stalking Physical violence

Which of the following types of disease causes considerable morbidity in adolescents and young adults?

Sexually-transmitted diseases

The beginning of government's major involvement in social issues, including health, was marked by the:

Social Security Act of 1935

Which of the following World Health Organization professions was explicitly described in this week's lecture (there was a video about it)?

Social anthropologist

Which of the following is not correct?

Steroids are anabolic drugs Correct! All answers are correct Alcohol is a depressant LSD is a hallucinogen Cocaine is a stimulant

In which of the following studies would a prevalence rate be a better measure to use (instead of an incidence rate)?

Study of breast cancer in women over the past 15 years

Which of the following is not an example of a criteria pollutant?

Sulfur dioxide Ground-level ozone Correct! All answers are examples of criteria pollutants Nitrogen oxides

Which of the following is an example of a social intervention strategy?

Support groups

Which of the following statements regarding teen births is not true?

Teen mothers are less likely to experience pregnancy complications

Which of the following groups has the highest risk of dying from an unintentional firearm injury

Teens/young adults

Identify the level of prevention in the following example. Fred receives therapy after undergoing major heart surgery.

Tertiary prevention

The first professional preparation program for health educators began during which period of the twentieth century?

The 1920s

By using sunscreen, people protect themselves from dangerous sources of energy (in this case the sun). This separation of host from energy can be described best by:

The Model for Unintentional Injury Prevention and Control

Which of the following is considered a "vector" for disease transmission?

Tick

Which of the following is dedicated to promoting and improving the health of our nation's mothers and children?

Title V

Why did President Clinton sign the Executive Order to collect separate data for Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders?

To decrease the concealment of socioeconomic and health differences

In the documentary Sugar Coated, the sugar industry is compared which of the following industries?

Tobacco

What type of workplace violence is described in the following scenario? "Gary Martin opened fire with a Smith & Wesson on the day he was fired from the Henry Pratt Co. in Aurora, Illinois, killing five workers and wounding five police officers."

Type III

Which of the following is a disease of adaptation?

Ulcers High blood pressure Coronary heart disease Correct! All answers are correct

In which of the following standardized measures of health status does the death of a young person weigh more heavily than the death of an older person?

Years of potential life lost (YPLL)

Using the the communicable disease model identify the agent for COVID-19.

coronavirus

Which of the following kills the most Americans under age 50?

drug overdoses

Is the following situation an example of an observational study or an experimental study? "Subjects were given a new vitamin supplement or a placebo and then followed to see if the vitamin supplement had an impact on their health."

experimental

The primary source of payment for healthcare services used by the elderly is Medicaid.

false

True or False: An analytic study answers the questions of who, what, where, and how; while a descriptive study tests a hypothesis to answer the questions of why and how.

false

True or False: An attack rate is a special kind of prevalence rate, used for a single outbreak.

false

True or False: Chandler is a public health researcher looking at diabetes data over the past 10 years. He should use an incidence rate (instead of a prevalence rate).

false

True or False: Choosing to eat wisely, wearing a safety belt, and visiting the physician are examples of community/public health activities.

false

True or False: Community mental health centers were originally funded by the federal government under the Social Security Act.

false

True or False: Doctors Without Borders is the largest and most visible governmental health agency on the international level.

false

True or False: Dr. Edward Jenner successfully demonstrated the process of vaccination as a protection against smallpox in the twentieth century.

false

True or False: Employee assistance programs are used to assist employees with getting physical exams.

false

True or False: Healthcare provided within jails is considered to be quasi-governmental.

false

True or False: Leading causes of death in the United States today are communicable diseases.

false

True or False: Mass shootings are a large percentage of all gun violence. The large majority of people with serious mental illness are violent.

false

True or False: Medicaid is provided to individuals aged 65 or older.

false

True or False: Mortality during adolescent years of life are primarily characterized by chronic diseases.

false

True or False: Overdose deaths in the U.S. are lower today than in 1999

false

True or False: Paula is celebrating her birthday and has had 3 alcoholic drinks. She is considered to be binge drinking.

false

True or False: Pesticides are the leading cause of farm injuries and deaths, despite safety improvements.

false

True or False: Seat belt laws and wearing bicycle helmets are considered to be secondary prevention.

false

True or False: Serious violent crime peaks before school hours.

false

True or False: Smallpox and polio have both been eradicated.

false

True or False: Suicide replaced unintentional injuries as the leading cause of death among those aged 15 to 34 for black males.

false

True or False: The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in an agency within the Department of Health and Human Services and it provides healthcare for American Indian and Alaska Natives (AI/AN).

false

True or False: The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) reports on outbreaks of disease, environmental hazards, unusual cases or other public health problems, and is produced by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS).

false

True or False: The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS).

false

True or False: The School Health Program focuses solely on the school's health education curriculum and has no other tasks.

false

True or False: The Shattuck Report was created in the same year that Medicare and Medicaid were created.

false

True or False: The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) is an agency within the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

false

True or False: The U.S. has a lower percentage of drug-related deaths than most other countries.

false

True or False: The World Health Organization (WHO) can force member countries to comply with the International Health Regulations (IHR) or else pay significant financial penalties and fines if they fail to comply.

false

True or False: The communicable disease model triangle includes: agent, host, and vector.

false

True or False: The federal Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) is responsible for the inspection of restaurants.

false

True or False: The number of years lost when death occurs before one's life expectancy is known as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).

false

True or False: Thermal inversion is a condition that occurs when cold air traps warmer air at the surface of the Earth.

false

True or False: U.S. public schools are required to have a school nurse.

false

True or False: Water runoff is considered "point source" pollution.

false

rue or False: The study of changes that occur normally in plants and animals as they grow older is known as gerontology.

false

True or False: Molly was sick with the flu. While she was sick, she shared her water bottle with her boyfriend Todd. Later Todd came down with the flu too. The water bottle served as a vector for the transmission of the flu virus.

false-vehicle

Is the following an example of a goal or an objective? "To reduce the spread of COVID-19."

goal

Is the following an example of a goal or an objective? "To research, develop, and improve employee education materials on diabetes?"

goal

Which term best applies to the following scenario? In 1980, Candy Lightner founded Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) after her 13-year-old daughter had been killed by a drunk driver. MADD raises awareness about drunk driving and works to strengthen drunk driving laws. From a handful of grieving mothers in California, MADD grew to several hundred chapters across the U.S. In 1983, MADD succeeded in getting the legal drinking age raised to 21 nationwide under the Uniform Drinking Age Act.

grass-roots

The goal of the Hill-Burton Act in 1946 was to enhance the quality of

hospitals

Which of the following countries has implemented a tax on obesity as described in the documentary Sugar Coated?

japan

Which of the following ended the London cholera epidemic by removing the handle of a water pump?

john snow

Which of the following states was the first to pass a child labor law?

massachusetts

Which of the following is the leading cause of disability in the U.S.?

mental illness

Which part of the U.S. experiences higher rates of overdose deaths?

midwest

The Shattuck report marked the beginning of the:

modern era of public health.

Is the following an example of a goal or an objective? "As part of our COVID-19 Prevention Project, our team will create a public service announcement to encourage college students to wear masks as a step towards reducing the spread of COVID-19. We hope to reach 70% of all students during the fall semester of 2020."

objective

Is the following an example of a goal or an objective? "As part of the Heart Health project, we will conduct a telephone survey with a response rate of 35%."

objective

Fill in the blank for this example regarding incubation periods: Brad has not had the COVID-19 vaccine and was exposed to the virus when he went to an indoor party with an infected guest. The incubation period would be the time from when he came in contact with the virus through the guest until the __________.

onset of symptoms

Which of the answers best fills in the following blank? The population pyramid of the United States is changing its shape from a pyramid to a ________________.

rectangle

In terms of community approaches to prevent unintentional injuries, seat belt laws are an example of?

regulation

In this week's module you watched a video news story about employees at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that were getting sick because of their physical work environment. This is a problem known as:

sick building syndrome

Which of the following is not one of the top 3 leading causes of unintentional injury deaths?

suicides

Which of the following terms describes a temporary group that is brought together for dealing with a specific problem?

task force

Which of the following provides family planning services to all who want, but cannot afford them?

title x

Since the National Science Foundation has some official health responsibilities, but operates, in part, like a voluntary health organization, it is considered to be a quasi-governmental health organization.

true

True or False: A teenage mother is at greater risk for pregnancy complications than a mother older than 20.

true

True or False: California is the state with the greatest number of elders living in it.

true

True or False: Heart disease is considered endemic in America.

true

True or False: If a researcher is creating an epidemic curve for chicken pox, they should use a propagated curve.

true

True or False: If you looked a graph of case data for COVID-19, you would see a propagated epidemic curve

true

True or False: Individuals with lower socioeconomic status have poorer health status.

true

True or False: Injury death rates are higher in the summer than during other times of the year.

true

True or False: Joel is spraying his garden for weeds. In this scenario, the weeds are an example of a "target" organism.

true

True or False: Margaret takes four Advil when the bottle says to take two. This is an example of drug misuse.

true

True or False: One of the biggest issues for migrant farm workers is their poor access to healthcare.

true

True or False: One of the public health responses to the Ebola pandemic was changing cultural beliefs and processes for safe burials.

true

True or False: One of the reasons the U.S. faces an opioid crisis is because drug manufacturers said that pain killers were not addictive.

true

True or False: Physical factors affecting community health include geography, community size, and industrial development.

true

True or False: Schools are considered governmental health agencies.

true

True or False: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is one of the top funders of the World Health Organization (WHO).

true

True or False: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates over-the-counter drugs.

true

True or False: The following is an example of an analytic study (as opposed to a descriptive study): a drug company tests a new drug on one group of participants and gives another group a placebo.

true

True or False: The leading cause of unintentional injury death for children, teens, and young adults is motor vehicle crashes.

true

True or False: There are several types of health promotion strategies, only one of which is health education.

true

True or False: There are substantial health disparities between mortality rates for white and non-Hispanic black infants and mothers.

true

True or False: Working with the public, alone, or late at night are risk factors for encountering violence at work.

true

True or False: World Health Organization (WHO) member countries are reluctant to report disease outbreaks for fear of negatively impacting their economies.

true

Which of the following is the leading cause of death in children?

unintentional injuries

Which of the following terms best fills in the blank? A cold virus was spreading quickly among office employees in a high-risk building with an elevator. The new cleaning staff had not been told to clean the elevators (or the elevator buttons). It is suspected that the cold virus was spreading as individuals didn't wash their hands and were touching the elevator buttons. In this scenario, the elevator button acts as a ____________ in disease transmission.

vehicle