HSC4572-Ch6

How do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood?

-pump ions into and out of cells -serve as buffers that resist changes in pH

How does changing a protein shape affect the protein?

-the protein loses its biological activity -it destroys the protein's ability to function normally

There are a total of _____ nonessential amnio acids that the body needs in order to function.

11

How many pounds equate to 1 kilogram?

2.2

Which of the following cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts and must be included in the diet?

Essential amino acid

What is the term used for the building blocks of proteins?

amino acids

Most _____ sources of protein provide ample quantities of all nine essential amino acids.

animal

A _____ is any compound that resists changes in acid-base conditions in a solution.

buffer

A _____ amino acid is one that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts.

nonessential

Which of the following is the amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts?

nonessential

_____ is a major stomach enzyme used for digesting proteins.

pepsin

_____ is a nutrient that forms important structures in the body, makes up a key part of the blood, helps regulate many body functions, and can fuel body cells. Amino acids join together to form this nutrient.

protein

Almost all enzymes are ______.

proteins

Intact proteins are _____ absorbed from the digestive tract.

rarely

The defining characteristic of a nut is that is grows on a _____.

tree

T/F: Amino acids are unique among the energy-yielding nutrients because they contain nitrogen.

true

T/F: Some people choose vegetarian diet patterns as a way to improve their health.

true

Which foods could a lactovegetarian choose for breakfast?

-calcium-fortified orange juice -yogurt with granola and blueberries -oatmeal with butter and brown sugar

Phytochemicals have been implicated in prevention of:

-cancer -cardiovascular disease

Which of the following are the two primary sources of fuel for cells?

-carbohydrates -fats

A diet rich in animal sources of protein may increase risk for cardiovascular disease because

-foods of animal origin are often high in saturated fat -foods of animal origin are often high in cholesterol

Reasons people choose to become vegetarians include _____.

-health -religion -ethics -economics

Which of the following are potential causes of denaturation?

-heat -stomach acid

Protein deficiency is rarely an isolated condition and usually accompanies:

-lack of nutrients -calorie deficiency

Protein synthesis takes place in the:

cytoplasm

A(n) _____ is part of a plant family with pods that contain a single row of seeds.

legume