HTH 231 Final (Howley)
In the op-ed piece with Angelina Jolie, a test for BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutation was discussed. In the U.S., this test costs more than:
$3,000
US minimum wage
$7.25
CEO of Gravity Company, Dan Price, raised minimum wage to _______ per year for his employees
$70,000
Bill and Melinda Gates Annual Letter
- backed researchers developing new COVID-19 treatments including monoclonal antibodies - two areas essential for a better future: prioritizing equity and preparing for the next pandemic
The US is what fraction of countries that is not offered paid maternal leave?
1/8
In the US, how many UNPAID weeks are parents guaranteed after having a child?
12
What percent of private sector workers have paid parental leave?
13
how many sick days does the US federal government guarantee?
13 days
How many peer countries are there?
17
What % of Americans are uninsured before the Affordable Care Act?
17%
There are 2 billion children in the world today, aged 0 to 15 years old. How many children will there be in the year 2100, according to the United Nations?
2 billion
How much time do Americans spend watching TV?
2+ hours
how many weeks does Rhode Island offer its employees for paid parental leave?
20 weeks
what is the recommended daily sugar intake?
24-36 grams
The US is one of how many countries that does not guarantee paid maternity leave?
3
What is the US ranked in life expectancy?
42
what percentage of the world's population has at least one dosage of the COVID vaccine?
50%
in all low income countries across the world today, how many girls finished primary school?
60%
what is the life expectancy of the world today?
70 years
How much longer do Japanese women live than American women?
8%
How many of the world's 1-year old children today have been vaccinated against some disease?
80%
what percentage of people in the world have some access to electricity?
80%
In bluezones, an adage said before meals, "Hara, Hachi bu" means to eat until you are
80% full
Worldwide, 30 year old men have spent 10 years in school, on average. How many years have women of the same age spent in school?
9 years
The ability of the patient to actually get to a service when needed:
Accessibility
Having the financial resources to access and use health care services:
Affordability
_________ is implicated in 30% of violent crimes.
Alcohol
Where does a majority of the world's population live today (4 billion)?
Australia and Asia
A health related system offering a needed service and doing so at a time that is reasonable:
Availability
What federal legislation called for funded preschool, free community college, expanded medicare and medicaid, 12 weeks of paid family leave, lower prescription drug costs?
Biden's build back better plan
who believes that we need to solve epidemics for all of humanity, not just within the country?
Bill Gates
Who was the women that spoke upon empathy in the video we watched?
Brene Brown
What did the White Hall Study observe?
British public servants
All of the following are things the U.S. does NOT do well EXCEPT: -Primary care -Physician to patient ratio -Hospital beds -Critical care beds
Critical care beds
What holds the principle standard to "provide effective, equitable, understandable and respectful quality care and services that are responsible to diverse cultural health beliefs and practices..."
Cultural and linguistically appropriate services
Forcing views and values of your cultural on someone else w/o consideration of their beliefs:
Cultural imposition
when did the families first coronavirus response act expire?
December 31, 2020
____________ medicine is when a physician recommends a medical test or exam that is not necessarily in the best interest of the patient but is functioning as a protection for the physician.
Defensive medicine
A society that shares their resources is referred to as an _________ society.
Egalitarian society
What plant was closed in Greenville, Michigan that lead to poorer health outcomes among the community?
Electrolux
T/F: Searching for longevity is a relatively new phenomenon.
FALSE
T/F: : Nicoyans typically drink tea instead of coffee?
False
T/F: the author of blue zones recommends running marathons as a way to maintain optimal health?
False
T/F: the author of blue zones researches universal health plans to see how they correlate with longevity
False
What is the policy that the federal government passed in 2020 that provided paid sick leave for those who need to quarantine?
Families first coronavirus response act
How do people in Okinawa derive most of their protein?
Fish
What countries have a lower breastfeeding rate than the US?
France and Spain
beginning point; focus on being descriptive and not judgmental
Generalization
What company in Seattle had a CEO that cut his own salary more than 90% to fund its minimum wage program?
Gravity Company
What does HEI stand for?
Health Equality Index
In the Ted Talk with Hans Roesling, what neighborhood was talked about for not being representative?
Hudaskva, Sweden
the project that demonstrates that world income distribution has greatly changed and there is more of an even distribution starting in 2014?
Ignorance project
Uneven distribution of health in or between populations:
Inequality
Unfair, avoidable differences arising from poor governance corruption or cultural exclusion:
Inequity
what blue zone abstains from drinking?
Loma Linda
which community in blue zones abstains from drinking alcohol?
Loma Linda
What is the true blue zone of the US?
Loma Linda, CA
What city has cops that changed their approach to criminals and arrests in an upstream approach manner?
Memphis
what city has the best health in the US?
Memphis, TN
Where did the author of Blue zones, Dan Buetnner, begin his project with an article in?
National Geographic
Shorter Lives Poorer Health is written by:
National Research Council & Institute of Medicine
What company offers its employees a year off for parental leave?
Netflix
In which blue zone do women live longer than men?
Okinawa
__________ is one of the best forms of the upstream approach.
Paid parental leave
Policies that affect health:
Paid vacation/ sick leave Increased minimum wage Paid paternal/maternal leave
What do all of the blue zones have in common?
Plant based diets Sense of purpose Strong social connections
What is the latino paradox?
Recently immigrated Mexicans: have lower rates of death, heart disease, cancer, and other illnesses, despite being less educated, earning less and having the stress of adapting to a new country and a new language.
what state was it that we watched a video about that demonstrated their rare paid parental leave program?
Rhode Island
Two communities compared in "place matters" video
Richmond, CA and Highpoint-- Seattle, WA
Changing behaviors of the individual and blaming the victim for having a disease are two weakness of which model?
Risk factor model
Preventative screenings, specialists, biomedical research, and medical technology are:
Strengths of the US
The United Nations predicts by 2100 the world population will have increased by another 4 billion people. What is the main reason?
There will be more adults (age 15 to 74)
what country has the highest cases of death from COVID in the world?
US
what agency overseas dietary guidelines?
USDA
Which White Hall Study studied women and men?
White Hall 2
what group of people in Loma Linda discourage smoking, alcohol consumption and eating unclean foods?
adventists
someone who experiences no or infrequent romantic attraction
aromantic
define "poverty tax"
basically things cost a little more in poorer areas
means the sex one was assigned by others based on their physical characteristics ex: female, male, intersex
biological sex
Biological sex is an example of.....
biology and genetics
physical activity levels, purpose of life, sense of community and diet are all similarities within what?
blue zones
what are the four C's of culture?
call, caused, cope, and concerns
What is not an example of the upstream approach?
chemotherapy, use of the ER, etc.
Define microaggression:
commonplace comments or actions that subtly and often unconsciously /unintentionally express a prejudiced attitude toward a member of a marginalized group
what is a search engine that gives you access to specific journals?
data base
What are 3 diseases that will have a higher prevalence in Richmond, CA than a high income community?
diabetes asthma cancer hypertension gall bladder disease
The ability to understand and share the feeling of another:
empathy
putting yourself into someone else's shoes; not just sympathizing for them
empathy
__________ means everyone has the same resources.
equality
__________ means everyone gets what they need.
equity
According to Vietnam's Minister of Health, what is the reason for their success in health?
female literacy
A person's internal sense of their gender:
gender identity
Global climate experts believe that over the next 100 years, the average temperature will...
get warmer
what is not common in the nicoya diet in blue zones?
goat milk
Intent vs Impact
intent- what we are trying to say/do impact- how what we say/do affects others
an individual who has a medical difference in hormones, chromosomes or secondary sex characteristics from the perceived categories as "female" or "male"
intersex
what goes in parenthesis in APA citation
issue
what gets italicized in an APA citation?
journal article, volume
Ted Talk with Hans Rosling: how did the number of deaths per year from natural disasters change in the last century?
less than half
Ted Talk: in the last 20 years, how did the percentage of people in the world that live in extreme poverty change?
less than half
What was found in the Nicoyan's drinking water that the rest of Costa Rica's water lacked?
magnesium and calcium
where does the majority of the world population live?
middle income countries
A state that does not have a higher minimum wage than the federal
new hampshire, NC, SC, TN, North Dakota
In 1996, tigers, giant pandas, black rhinos were all listed as endangered. How many of these species are more critically endangered today?
none
California, Connecticut, Arizona, DC, Maryland, vermont, WA, RI, Oregon, NJ, Michigan and Massachussetts have what?
paid sick leave
VA, SC, Georgia and other southern states do not have what?
paid sick leave
what comes after the authors in APA citation?
publication year
some who is romantically/sexually attracted to all genders
queer
What is a state that has paid parental leave?
rhode island, california, washington, new jersey, massachusetts
does the article title get title case or sentence case in an APA citation
sentence case
How a person identifies their physical and emotional attraction to others:
sexual orientation
which determinant of health is split into sub groups?
social factors - social and physical
5 determinants of health
social factors/determinants, individual behaviors, health services, policy making, biology and genetics
"end point", or seek to make judgments rather than to describe
stereotype
Chronic stress:
stress over a long period of time (this can often have negative effects on personal health)
Feelings of pity and sorrow for someone else's misfortune:
sympathy
What is the health equality index?
the national LGBTQ benchmarking tool that evaluates healthcare facilities' policies and practices related to the equity and inclusion of their LGBTQ patients, visitors and employees.
does a journal article get a title case or sentence case in an APA citation
title case
What are examples of upstream approaches?
vaccinations, health education, cancer screenings
Examples of Social Factors (social and physical determinants)
violence, unsafe neighborhoods, income, race (lots of loans and mortgages given to white people not other races- 2%)
what is the greatest indicator of health?
wealth
Place matters:
-Zip code is a good determinant of health -Lack of access to jobs, nutritious foods, and safe, affordable housing
What was the "Let's Move- healthy not hungry act"?
-facilitated by Obama -increased funding to school lunches= decreased calorie intake, portion sized, more fruits and vegetables offered
What group was affected by the nuclear bomb testing after WWII?
Marshall Islanders (Marshallese)
some of the first dietary guidelines -before: obesity was #1 cause of death -after: food industry pushed back, changed wording of the report b/c "it was attacking food companies"
McGovern Report 1977
City that implemented a mental health response team that has been replicated across the country?
Memphis
What countries provide less health insurance than the US?
Mexico, Turkey and Chile
Which of the following is NOT a Blue Zone?
Sardinia Okinawa Loma Linda Nicoya Ikaria (All of the above are Blue Zones) ***LIONS= Loma Linda, Ikaria, Okinawa, Nicoya, Sardinia***
According to Hans Rosling, what is basic human right?
contraceptives, education, vaccinations, clean water, literacy
Appreciation of external and internal signs of diversity:
cultural awareness
Ability of a provider to effectively meet social, cultural and linguistic patient needs:
cultural competency
Personal attitudes about and being respectful of other cultures:
cultural sensitivity
According to Hans Rosling, what is not a basic human right?
free hip replacement surgery
how one presents themselves to others by conforming or not to society's expectations of gender ex: feminine, masculine, androgynous
gender expression
how one views their own gender and the words they use to describe it ex: woman, man, non binary, genderqueer
gender identity
Cost of insurance is an example of...
health services
The younger population in the U.S. has a ___________ mortality rate and __________ life expectancy.
higher, shorter
The number of new disease cases is:
incidence
What is the greatest determinant of health?
income
Diet is an example of...
individual behavior
Fastest growing minority group in the US?
latinos
LGBTQ+ stands for
lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, etc.
Which of the following is linked to neighborhood crime?
low economic status
Primary physician care, access to care, child vaccinations, and prescription control are:
weaknesses of the US
What % of Americans are uninsured after the Affordable Care Act?
9%
Which of the following does the U.S. do well?
Adult vaccinations, Screening, Specialty care
T/F: Tuberculosis and other chronic diseases are fed by poverty and squalid conditions.
FALSE- infectious diseases not chronic
T/F: Recent Mexican immigrants, although poorer, tend to be less-healthier than the average American
FALSE- they are actually healthier than the average american
What is the love triangle?
Listening, validating, and understanding
What is the number one cause of bankruptcy in the US today?
Health care
What is the leading cause of death in the U.S.?
Heart disease
What does it mean to have a high demand/ low control job?
High demand: inadequate time to meet job demands and excessive workload Low control: de-skilled labour and reduced decision making autonomy
What is the leading cause of death for African American men in Harlem?
Homicide and violence
What is the most important measure of a country's health status?
Infant mortality
The 5 levels of SEM are:
Intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, organization, and public policy
Sardinia is a part of:
Italy
What country has the highest life expectancy?
Japan
Who is the father of pop. health?
Jeffery rose
Who discovered the source of a cholera outbreak in London and is also known as the father of modern epidemiology?
John Snow
Countries with a better life expectancy than US (80+)
Monaco, Japan, Singapore, Iceland, Israel, etc.
What president cut funding from the school lunch program?
Reagan
What country is an example of egalitarian society?
Switzerland
T/F: Costa Rica spends 15% of what the U.S. spends on healthcare.
TRUE
T/F: In the year after the plant closure, the local hospital's caseload tripled because of depression, alcoholism and domestic abuse.
TRUE
T/F: Lack of economic opportunities and healthy food options, combined with the stress of dislocation and cultural loss, have also led to high rates of chronic illnesses like diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, obesity and cancer.
TRUE
T/F: Men live longer than women in Sardinia.
TRUE
T/F: People in Okinawa grow vegetables year round
TRUE
T/F: Poorer people are having more chronic conditions rather than infectious diseases
TRUE
What (two) groups are said to have the highest diabetes rates in the world?
The Pima and Tohono O'odham Indians of southern Arizona
What are the only two countries in the world that do not provide parental leave?
The US and Papua New Guinea
Which of the following is true about young people in Sardinia? -They are tall -They are beautiful -They appear to not be as healthy as their elders -They eat a lot of oranges
They appear to not be as healthy as their elders
What president started the school lunch program?
Truman
What country has the lowest smoking rate?
US
Examples of policy making
breathe easy units, affordable housing/communities, hope program in schools (empowerment for kids)
Access to parks in a neighborhood are an example of...
physical determinant
All of the following are examples of the upstream approach EXCEPT: -Health education programs -Physical therapy -Adult vaccinations -Preventative screenings
physical therapy
Clean air act is an example of....
policy
Smoke free restaurants are an example of....
policy
The total number of people who have a disease is:
prevalence
a means of describing who one is emotionally attracted to and could potentially develop a romantic connection with ex: panromantic, biromantic, aromantic
romantic orientation
a means of describing who one is physically attracted to and could potentially engage in sexual activities with ex:bisexual, asexual, pansexual
sexual orientation
What makes a peer country a peer country?
similar economic statuses
Income is an example of...
social factor
education is an example of...
social factor
Gender is an example of...
social factor (social construct)