human A&P chapter 8

Which of the following represents a structural classification for joints that are separated by a joint cavity?

synovial Synovial is a structural classification for joints. Structural classification focuses on the material binding the bones together and whether a joint cavity is present.

An example of an interosseous fibrous joint is ________.

the radius and ulna along its length

flat bones

thin, flattened, and usually curved sternum, scapulae, and ribs

Gliding movements occur when one flat, or nearly flat, bone surface glides or slips over another.

true

The structural classification of joints is based on the composition of the binding material and the presence or absence of a joint cavity.

true

What are menisci (articular discs)?

wedges of fibrocartilage that partially or completely divide the synovial cavity

Which joint in the figure is capable of multiaxial movement?

A: multiaxial B: uniaxial C: nonaxial D biaxial E: biaxial

Which of the following is a true statement regarding gliding movements?

Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints.

Which of the following statements is correct?

If a joint can exhibit extension, abduction, and rotation, then it is triaxial. A joint that moves in these three directions is triaxial. The three directions in this example are extension/flexion, abduction/adduction, and rotation.

A joint held together by fibrocartilage would be classified as a __________ joint.

cartilaginous Cartilaginous joints are held together by cartilage. Fibrocartilage holds together symphyses.

Which of these terms best categorizes the joints in the figure?

cartilaginous joints

Which of the following statements defines synchondroses?

cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones

All three joints in the figure are classified as __________.

fibrous joints In all three joints, bones are directly connected by dense fibrous tissue to form a joint lacking a cavity

What joint's actions may take place at the elbow from its current position?

flex and pronate The elbow may flex or pronate from its current anatomical position.

What action(s) may take place at the elbow from its current position?

flex only The elbow joint is capable of flexion and extension. The elbow may flex from its current anatomical position. The elbow is already in the extended position.

Bowing to your opponent before a jiu jitsu match would be considered a ________ movement.

flexion

sesamoid bones

shaped like a sesame seed (patella)

Which of the following are correctly paired?

synchondrosis; a plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bones A synchondrosis is a plate of hyaline cartilage that unites the bones. Epiphyseal plates are examples of synchondroses.

On the basis of structural classification, which is a fibrous joint?

syndesmosis

Which of the joints will eventually develop into a synostosis?

A

Which structure in the figure is the primary area of degeneration in osteoarthritis?

B

Which joint moves only by a uniaxial movement around its own axis?

B The radioulnar joint is a pivot joint in which movement of the ulna is limited to rotation along its own long axis.

Symphyses

Bones united by fibrocartilage

Which of the following is one difference between bursae and tendon sheaths?

Bursae are flattened fibrous sacs wedged between adjacent structures, while tendon sheaths are elongated fibrous sacs that wrap around tendons. Bursae are flattened fibrous sacs wedged between adjacent structures, while tendon sheaths are elongated fibrous sacs that wrap around tendons. Both bursae and tendon sheaths are associated with synovial joints, both reduce friction between adjacent structures, and both contain a thin film of synovial fluid.

Which of the following is a hinge joint?

F Interphalangeal joints are hinge joints capable of uniaxial angular movement.

The most important factor in joint stability is the depth of the articular surface.

False The deeper the articular surface, the more stable the joint, but it seems that the strength of the muscles that cross the joint is the most important factor.

Based upon structural classification, what type of joint is a suture?

Fibrous joint Sutures are classified structurally as fibrous joints. They would be classified functionally as synarthrotic joints based upon their degree of movement.

The amount of movement permitted by a particular joint is the basis for the functional classification of that joint.

True

Performing "jumping jacks" requires ________.

abduction and adduction

Which of the following refers to a joint that is slightly movable?

amphiarthrosis

Synarthrotic joints ________.

are immovable joints

To realign an anteriorly dislocated Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), a physician must push the mandible inferiorly and posteriorly in order to move the mandibular condyle past the temporal bone's ________.

articular tubercle A tubercle is a round nodule or bumpy outgrowth from the main body of a bone. This tubercle forms the anterior boundary of the mandibular fossa.

Which of the following is a feature of synovial joints?

bone ends covered with hyaline cartilage Glassy-smooth hyaline cartilage covers the opposing bone surfaces as articular cartilage. These thin but spongy cushions absorb compression placed on the synovial joint and thereby keep the bone ends from being crushed.

irregular bones

bones of the vertebrae and face

Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Identify a saddle joint of the skeleton.

carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

If a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is not properly repaired, the consequences could include the inability to prevent ________.

forward sliding of the tibia on the femur The ACL extends from the anterior intercondylar notch of the femur to the anterior intercondylar eminence of the tibia. This ligament prevents the tibia from being pushed too far anterior relative to the femur.

Which type of movement does not occur at the shoulder joint?

gliding Gliding occurs when two bones slide across one another, such as in the intercarpal joints.

Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint?

hinge joint

syncondroses

hyaline cartilage

Which of the following is NOT a distinguishing feature of a synovial joint?

hyaline cartilage connecting the two bones of the joint Hyaline cartilage makes up the articular cartilage in a synovial joint, but this does not connect the two sides together.

long bones

longer than they are wide

what best describes the surface of the synovial membrane?

loose connective tissue This is a synovial membrane composed of loose connective tissue that secretes synovial fluid into the joint

As one of four major knee ligaments, the anterior cruciate ligament, or ACL, is critical to knee stability. Patients with a slightly injured ACL may complain that their knee "wants to give-out from under them." Which of the following is a rehabilitation procedure that would most likely benefit this type of patient?

muscle strengthening exercises

Which type of movement is unique to the forearm?

pronation Supination and pronation are unique to the forearm because of the arrangement of the radius and ulna. This allows rotation of our hand in space.

Moving your jaw forward, causing an underbite, is called ________.

protraction

short bones

roughly cube shaped bones of the wrist and ankles

The type of joint between the carpal (trapezium) and the first metacarpal is a ________ joint.

saddle

Why it is easier for a fall or blow to cause a dislocated shoulder injury than for a comparable fall or blow to cause a dislocated hip injury?

shallower joint socket

Fibrous joints are classified as ________.

sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses

Which of the following are cartilaginous joints?

synchondroses

What factor does not contribute to the strength and stability of a synovial joint?

synovial fluid