Human Anatomy & Physiology 2 [Ch. 21: Lymphatic System]
lacteals pick up dietary _______
lipids
lymph vessels transport dietary _________ a. carbohydrates b. lipids c. proteins d. nucleic acids
lipids
The thymus continues to grow until a person reaches ________ , when it reaches a maximum weight of 30 to 50 grams. a. 20 b. 50 c. 30 d. puberty
puberty
The ________ are masses of lymphatic tissue that protect against inhaled and ingested materials and are found within the pharynx.
tonsils
True/False: An increase in hydrostatic pressure within the interstitial space "pushes" interstitial fluid into the lymphatic capillary lumen.
true
True/False: Lymphatic vessels are similar to veins in that they contain valves to prevent backflow, and use the contraction of nearby skeletal muscles to help move lymph along.
true
the right lymphatic duct drains which of the following parts of the body? - abdomen - right side of chest - right arm - right side of head and neck - right leg - digestive system
- right side of chest - right arm - right side of head and neck
large clusters of lymph nodes are found in which of the following regions? - popliteal - antecubital - lumbar - cervical - axillary - inguinal
- cervical - axillary - inguinal
Which of the following are normal functions of the adult spleen? - drainage of lymph into the cisterna chyli - phagocytosis of old erythrocytes - phagocytosis of bacteria - act as a reservoir for platelets - filtration of bacteria from the lymph - production of new erythrocytes
- phagocytosis of bacteria - phagocytosis of old erythrocytes - act as a reservoir for platelets
Which of the following are types of tonsils? - maxillary - pharyngeal - lingual - laryngeal - palatine - sublingual
- pharyngeal - lingual - palatine
Adult red bone marrow is found within spongy bone in which locations? - Vertebrae - Roofing bones of the skull - Diaphysis of the humerus - Sternum - Diaphysis of the femur
- roofing bones of the skull - vertebrae - sternum
lymph is moved through lymph vessels by which of the following? - skeletal muscle pumps - skeletal muscle contraction around the lymphatic vessel walls - peristaltic contractions of the GI tract - pumping of lymph by the heart - respiratory pump
- skeletal muscle pumps - respiratory pump
Which of the following are normal constituents of lymph? - erythrocytes - water - glycogen - ions - low concentration of protein - urea
- water - low concentration of protein - ions
Put the steps in the lymphatic pathway in the correct order. - efferent lymphatic - lymphatic trunk - lymph node - collecting duct - afferent lymphatic vessel - lymphatic capillary - subclavian vein
1. Lymphatic Capillary 2. Afferent Lymphatic Vessel 3. Lymph Node 4. Efferent Lymphatic Vessel 5. Lymphatic Trunk 6. Collecting Duct 7. Subclavian Vein
Lymph flows through a lymph node in what order? - efferent lymphatic vessel - lymphatic sinuses - afferent lymphatic vessel
1. afferent lymphatic vessel 2. lymphatic sinuses 3. efferent lymphatic vessel
place these structures in the order that lymph travels through them: - lymphatic trunks - lymphatic vessels - lymphatic capillaries - lymphatic ducts
1. lymphatic capillaries 2. lymphatic vessels 3. lymphatic trunks 4. lymphatic ducts
Blood flows through the spleen in what order? - splenic vein - splenic artery - splenic sinusoids of red pulp - central artery of white pulp
1. splenic artery 2. central artery of white pulp 3. splenic sinusoids of red pulp 4. splenic vein
Reed-Sternberg cells are present in __________ lymphoma a. Addison's b. Hodgin c. Cushing's d. Non-Hodgkin
Hodgkin
Which tonsils are most commonly affected by tonsillitis? a. Maxillary b. Lingual tonsils c. Palatine tonsils d. Pharyngeal tonsils
Palatine tonsils
The lymphatic nodules in the ileum of the small intestine are called _______ patches
Peyers patches
__________ vessels carry lymph INTO a lymph node a. arterial b. afferent c. efferent d. venous
afferent
Lymphatic capillaries are unique in that they depend on _________ to prevent the collapse of the lymphatic capillaries as pressure exerted by the interstitial fluid increases. a. endothelial cells b. hydrostatic pressure c. blood capillaries d. anchoring filaments
anchoring filaments
The white pulp of the spleen is associated with the ________ supply of the spleen a. venous b. arterial c. lymphatic d. lacteal
arterial
The lymphatic trunk, the ________ drains deep thoracic structures a. intestinal trunk b. lumbar trunk c. jugular trunk d. bronchomediastinal trunk e. subclavian trunk
bronchomediastinal trunks
Lymphoma is a _____ of the lymphatic tissues a. viral infection b. bacterial infection c. fungal infection d. cancer
cancer
Often when a cancerous tumor is surgically removed from a patient, surrounding lymph nodes are removed as well. Why? a. cancer always forms in lymph nodes first b. lymph nodes, like your appendix, serve no real function c. cancers found in lymph nodes are the most deadly d. cancers that metastasize will travel to nearby lymph nodes first
cancers that metastasize will travel to nearby lymph nodes first
The lobes of the thymus are surrounded by a connective tissue _________
capsule
The lobes of the thymus are surrounded by a connective tissue __________
capsule
The lymph node is surrounded by a tough connective tissue layer called the __________ a. cortex b. trabecula c. sinus d. capsule
capsule
The main difference lymphatic organs & lymphatic nodules, is that lymphatic organs have a __________ enclosing them
capsule
The spleen is surrounded by a _______ made of dense irregular connective tissue
capsule
The ________ chyli carries chyle from the small intestine to the thoracic duct.
cisterna
The lymphatic capillaries are ________ vessels. a. closed-ended b. perforated c. open-ended d. fenestrated
closed-ended
Each thymus lobule is divided into an inner medulla and an outer _________
cortex
when excess interstitial fluid is not reabsorbed, the tissues swell causing a condition called _______
edema
Lymph exits a lymph node through _________ lymphatic vessels a. arterial b. efferent c. afferent d. venous
efferent
__________ vessels carry lymph OUT of a lymph node a. arterial b. afferent c. efferent d. venous
efferent
Lymphatic capillaries are found in all of the following tissues or areas EXCEPT ________ a. areolar connective tissue b. epithelia c. digestive tract d. blood capillary networks
epithelia
True/False: As part of the lymphatic system, the spleen functions to filter lymph.
false [As part of the lymphatic system, the spleen functions to filter blood]
True/False: B- and T-lymphocytes both mature in the red bone marrow.
false [B-lymphocytes mature in the red bone marrow, whereas T-lymphocytes mature in the thymus]
True/False: Secondary lymphatic structures include the red bone marrow and thymus.
false [Primary lymphatic structures include the red bone marrow and thymus. Secondary lymphatic structures include the lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, lymphatic nodules and MALT]
True/False: Lymphatic nodules are small, oval clusters of lymphatic cells that are completely surrounded by a connective tissue capsule.
false [Lymphatic nodules are small, oval clusters of lymphatic cells that are not completely surrounded by a connective tissue capsule.]
True/False: Tonsils contain both red and white pulp.
false [the spleen contains both red and white pulp]
The primary function of a lymph node is to __________ a. filter foreign material from the blood b. filter foreign material from the lymph c. produce lymph d. produce blood
filter foreign material from the lymph
In the thymus, the immature T lymphocytes ___________ a. secrete thymic hormones b. found in the medulla c. found in the cortex
found in the cortex
In the thymus, the mature T lymphocytes ___________ a. secrete thymic hormones b. found in the medulla c. found in the cortex
found in the medulla
The region where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the spleen is called the ________.
hilum
The formation of lymph increases as a result of __________ a. increasing the numbers of white blood cells that leave the blood for the lymph. b. increasing hydrostatic pressure in tissue fluid. c. decreasing protein concentration in tissue fluid. d. decreasing volume of tissue fluid.
increasing hydrostatic pressure in tissue fluid.
If an individual has an infected cut on their thigh, in which region are lymph nodes most likely to enlarge? a. trophic region b. supratrochlear region c. thoracic region d. inguinal region
inguinal region
Lymph vessels reabsorb what fluid from the tissues and return it to the venous circulation? a. plasma b. extracellular fluid c. interstitial fluid d. blood
interstitial fluid
When blood plasma leaks out of the capillaries, it is then called _______ a, chyme b. cerebrospinal fluid c. blood d. interstitial fluid
interstitial fluid
The lymphatic trunk, the ________ drains most abdominal structures a. intestinal trunk b. lumbar trunk c. jugular trunk d. bronchomediastinal trunk e. subclavian trunk
intestinal trunks
The lymphatic trunk, the ________ drains the head & neck a. intestinal trunk b. lumbar trunk c. jugular trunk d. bronchomediastinal trunk e. subclavian trunk
jugular trunks
The lymphatic trunk, the ________ drains lower limbs & pelvic organs a. intestinal trunk b. lumbar trunk c. jugular trunk d. bronchomediastinal trunk e. subclavian trunk
lumbar trunks
After interstitial fluid enters the lymphatic vessels it is called _____. a. chyme b. plasma c. lymph d. cerebrospinal fluid
lymph
Which of these secondary lymphatic structures have a complete capsule? - lymphatic nodules - lymph node - malt - spleen - tonsils
lymph node & spleen
Cells in a lymph node that engulf and destroy damaged cells, foreign substances, and cellular debris are ______ a. macrophages b. lymphocytes c. mast cells d. cytokines
macrophages
The medulla of the lymph mode is supported by connective tissue fibers called ________. - cortical sinuses - cortical cords - medullary sinuses - medullary cords
medullary cords
The function of white pulp in the spleen is to _______ a. produce blood b. produce lymph c. monitor the lymph for foreign materials d. monitor the blood for foreign materials
monitor the lymph for foreign materials
As the interstitial hydrostatic pressure increases, is MORE or LESS fluid driven into the lymphatic capillaries?
more
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are ________ Hodgkin lymphomas a. equally as common as b. less common than c. more common than
more common than
Lymphatic ________ are small clusters of lymphocytes that lack a complete capsule.
nodules
The small flaps that allow lymph to enter but not leave in lymphatic capillaries are made from __________ a. an infolding of the tunica media b. and infolding of the tunica intima c. overlapping mesenchymal cells d. overlapping endothelial cells
overlapping endothelial cells
The adenoids are also called the _____ tonsils.
pharyngeal
Other than red bone marrow, the spleen contains the largest single store of ___________ a. plasma b. T-lymphocytes c. B-lymphocytes d. platelets
platelets
The ________ pulp of the spleen acts as a platelet reservoir.
red
which of the following are considered primary lymphatic structures where lymphocytes are produced? - spleen - red bone marrow - thymus - lymph nodes - thyroid
red bone marrow & thymus
Besides filtering blood for foreign materials and phagocytosis of old, defective erythrocytes, the spleen is also involved in what other major function? a. maturation of T-lymphocytes b. reservoir of platelets & erythrocytes c. destruction of B-lymphocytes d. production of erythrocytes in adults
reservoir of platelets and erythrocytes
After they are formed, lymphocytes are housed in _________ lymphatic structures. a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary d. quaternary
secondary
In the thymus, the epithelial cells ___________ a. secrete thymic hormones b. found in the medulla c. found in the cortex
secrete thymic hormones
The thymus _______ after puberty. a. widens b. grows c. disappears d. shrinks
shrinks
Which of the following is the largest lymphatic organ in the body? a. liver b. thymus c. spleen d. lymph node
spleen
Which of these lymphatic structures is found near the 9th to the 11th rib? a. thymus b. spleen c. axillary lymph nodes d. inguinal lymph nodes
spleen
What is the surgical removal of the spleen called?
splenectomy
The lymphatic trunk, the ________ drains the upper limbs, breasts, and thoracic wall a. intestinal trunk b. lumbar trunk c. jugular trunk d. bronchomediastinal trunk e. subclavian trunk
subclavian trunks
The larger lymph duct, the left lymphatic duct, is more commonly referred to as the ________ duct.
thoracic
T-lymphocytes migrate to , and mature in the ________.
thymus
T-lymphocytes are named according to the _______ where they become immunologically mature. a. thyrocervical trunk b. thoracic duct c. thyroid gland d. thymus gland
thymus gland
Lymphatic ____ are formed from merging lymphatic vessels. a. ducts b. capillaries c. trunks d. lacteals
trunks
Lymphatic ________ are formed from merging lymphatic vessels. A. lacteals B. capillaries C. trunks D. ducts
trunks
The lymph nodes of the axillary region receive lymph mainly from the _______ a. scalp & face b. upper limb & mammary gland c. thoracic vescera d. brain
upper limb and mammary gland
Lymphatic vessels resemble small _______ a. valves b. arteries c. capillaries d. veins
veins
the lymphatic ducts empty into the _________ a. veins b. heart c. arteries d. lymph nodes
veins
Which of the following vessels have valves? - veins - lymphatic vessels - ateries - blood capillaries
veins & lymphatic vessels