Human Anatomy and Physiology
nephron
The functioning unit of the kidney that produces urine
medulla
The innermost layer of a body organ like the kidney or adrenal gland
Bowman's capsule
The part of the nephron in the kidney that receives the wastes from the blood in the glomerulus.
dialysis
The process of artificially filtering wastes from blood
filtration
The process the kidneys perform to remove waste from the blood.
metabolism
The sum of all body chemistry
ureter
The tube connecting the kidney to the urinary bladder
urethra
The tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside
glomerulus
Tiny groups of blood capillaries and urinary tubes that filter blood
It is possible to live without a gall bladder.
True
A body system consists of:
a group of organs which perform a common function
taking in nutrients through the small intestine
absorption
a small organ called the ___________ is positioned between the large and small intestine.
appendix
the diffusion of food molecules from the digestive tract into the blood ________ occurs at the ______ .
capillaries, villi
responsible for changing the food we eat into simpler substances which can be used as nutrients for the body
digestion
bacteria within the large intestine which help break down digested food material
intestinal flora
a condition resulting from bile in the blood, in which a patient's skin has a yellow color
jaundice
Most absorption of water occurs in the:
large intestine
Which organ produces bile?
liver
The lower part of the large intestine is called the _______.
rectum
Most absorption of food occurs in the:
small intestine
The breakdown of food into molecules small enough to enter the blood stream is primarily accomplished by the:
small intestine
The liver and pancreas are connected to the:
small intestine
renal artery
Arteries taking blood into the kidneys
Digestion starts in the stomach
False
Food moves from the mouth to the stomach through the long tube called the trachea.
False
cortex
The outer part of an organ, like the adrenal gland, cerebrum, or kidney
The lungs eliminate CO2 gas from the body.
True
The process of food entering the blood stream is called _________.
absorption
An irritation of the stomach lining results in ______.
an ulcer
The ultimate purpose of the digestive system is to:
break down food so that nutrients can be absorbed into the blood
Artificial filtration of the blood is called __________.
dialysis
The disassembly of food inside an organism is called:
digestion
Saliva contains a(n) ___________ which accelerates the digestion of ______________.
enzyme, starches
The urethra connects the kidneys to the bladder.
false
The process of blood ___________ takes place in the Bowmans Capsule of the nephron.
filtration
Glucagon and insulin are two of the ______ produced by the pancreas to aid in digestion.
hormones
The primary digestive substance in the stomach is ______.
hydrochloric acid
a hormone secreted by the pancreas which lowers the level of the blood sugar
insulin
Food which enters the large intestine is broken down by:
intestinal flora
The primary organ responsible for eliminating liquid waste is the:
kidney
urinary system
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
The study of the coordinated functions of a living organism is called _______________.
physiology
the valve at the lower end of the stomach
pylorus
Blood circulating through the kidneys will _________ water and important materials as it flows through the __________.
reabsorb, tubule
The excretory system is involved with eliminating:
solid, liquid, and gas waste
What is the function of the gall bladder?
stores bile
Liquid waste processed by the kidney is called ______.
urine
What is found in the kidney pelvis?
urine
fingerlike projections which serve to increase the inner surface area for absorption of food
villi
Jaundice is caused by blockage of liver bile and is exhibited by _______ skin.
yellow
The common bile duct receives secretions from the:
☑ gall bladder ☑ pancreas ☑ liver
1. small intestine 2. stomach and small intestine 3. mouth and small intestine
1. fats 2. proteins 3. carbohydrates
loop of Henle
A descending and ascending limb of the kidney tubules
urinary bladder
A sac which temporarily stores urine until it is excreted
________ can block the common bile duct.
Gall stones
