Human Anatomy and Physiology

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nephron

The functioning unit of the kidney that produces urine

medulla

The innermost layer of a body organ like the kidney or adrenal gland

Bowman's capsule

The part of the nephron in the kidney that receives the wastes from the blood in the glomerulus.

dialysis

The process of artificially filtering wastes from blood

filtration

The process the kidneys perform to remove waste from the blood.

metabolism

The sum of all body chemistry

ureter

The tube connecting the kidney to the urinary bladder

urethra

The tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside

glomerulus

Tiny groups of blood capillaries and urinary tubes that filter blood

It is possible to live without a gall bladder.

True

A body system consists of:

a group of organs which perform a common function

taking in nutrients through the small intestine

absorption

a small organ called the ___________ is positioned between the large and small intestine.

appendix

the diffusion of food molecules from the digestive tract into the blood ________ occurs at the ______ .

capillaries, villi

responsible for changing the food we eat into simpler substances which can be used as nutrients for the body

digestion

bacteria within the large intestine which help break down digested food material

intestinal flora

a condition resulting from bile in the blood, in which a patient's skin has a yellow color

jaundice

Most absorption of water occurs in the:

large intestine

Which organ produces bile?

liver

The lower part of the large intestine is called the _______.

rectum

Most absorption of food occurs in the:

small intestine

The breakdown of food into molecules small enough to enter the blood stream is primarily accomplished by the:

small intestine

The liver and pancreas are connected to the:

small intestine

renal artery

Arteries taking blood into the kidneys

Digestion starts in the stomach

False

Food moves from the mouth to the stomach through the long tube called the trachea.

False

cortex

The outer part of an organ, like the adrenal gland, cerebrum, or kidney

The lungs eliminate CO2 gas from the body.

True

The process of food entering the blood stream is called _________.

absorption

An irritation of the stomach lining results in ______.

an ulcer

The ultimate purpose of the digestive system is to:

break down food so that nutrients can be absorbed into the blood

Artificial filtration of the blood is called __________.

dialysis

The disassembly of food inside an organism is called:

digestion

Saliva contains a(n) ___________ which accelerates the digestion of ______________.

enzyme, starches

The urethra connects the kidneys to the bladder.

false

The process of blood ___________ takes place in the Bowmans Capsule of the nephron.

filtration

Glucagon and insulin are two of the ______ produced by the pancreas to aid in digestion.

hormones

The primary digestive substance in the stomach is ______.

hydrochloric acid

a hormone secreted by the pancreas which lowers the level of the blood sugar

insulin

Food which enters the large intestine is broken down by:

intestinal flora

The primary organ responsible for eliminating liquid waste is the:

kidney

urinary system

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

The study of the coordinated functions of a living organism is called _______________.

physiology

the valve at the lower end of the stomach

pylorus

Blood circulating through the kidneys will _________ water and important materials as it flows through the __________.

reabsorb, tubule

The excretory system is involved with eliminating:

solid, liquid, and gas waste

What is the function of the gall bladder?

stores bile

Liquid waste processed by the kidney is called ______.

urine

What is found in the kidney pelvis?

urine

fingerlike projections which serve to increase the inner surface area for absorption of food

villi

Jaundice is caused by blockage of liver bile and is exhibited by _______ skin.

yellow

The common bile duct receives secretions from the:

☑ gall bladder ☑ pancreas ☑ liver

1. small intestine 2. stomach and small intestine 3. mouth and small intestine

1. fats 2. proteins 3. carbohydrates

loop of Henle

A descending and ascending limb of the kidney tubules

urinary bladder

A sac which temporarily stores urine until it is excreted

________ can block the common bile duct.

Gall stones


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