Unit 2 History 1-25
Why did New Amsterdam quickly become a target of so many groups? Impact?
Immigrants flooded in as indentured servants.
How did the Glorious Revolution aid settlers' in the New World?
It aided the settlers in the New World because they didn't have to go to war. They go to James' daughter Mary and her husband William to get rid of him and it works. It was a bloodless revolution.
Describe the settlers' attitude towards the Natives concerning land? Significance?
It became violent as colonists moved further inland to raise domesticated animals, and expand colonies. The English colonists displaced the natives.
How did the societal makeup of the southern colonies lead to a large gap between classes?
Large landowners made sure voting rights in the state were only for rich people. So poor people did not have any voting rights.
Discuss two reasons why indentured servitude decreased by the late 17th century.
Life in England was getting better all around, and the British North American colonies failed to live up to what they promised the indentured servants.
Why did the Separatists first decide to leave for Holland? Why did they choose to leave Holland?
1608 - Netherlands offer true religious freedom in Amsterdam. Chose to leave because they were afraid their children were being "dutchafied". Means children knew they had all options, so it was possible they would seek other options than separatists, and the parents of the children didn't want that to happen.
How did the Great Migration empower the Puritan church?
30,000 people sailed to Massachusetts. Primarily families, and you need families to function in a colony, so the colony functioned well and so did the churches. These people who migrated layed out the foundation for the religious, intellectual, and social order of New England.
What was the main purpose of the Plymouth colony?
35 separatists join the Virginia Company to plan a new colony. Virginia sent 65 people too. Separatists are a minority.
What was the main economic activity in the southern colonies? Impact on growth of cities? on slaves?
Agriculture. Impact of cities, large plantations were being built. And slaves were forced to work on plantations. Cash crops such as tobacco, sugarcane, and rice.
Why did Rhode Island carry the title of "sewer?" Explain.
Because of religious freedom. Everyone with any religion would come here.
Discuss the three ways colonial life and development differed from life in England.
Environment in the New World was more diverse because of the indentured servants coming from England because they were tired of life in England and needed to pay off their debt. It was also different physically and socially.
Discuss the first year in the colony and how the colonists ultimately survived.
First winter was a train wreck. Half of the people die. Starvation, exposure to cold, dehydration. 50 of 100 people are gone. Spring 1621, they dealt with local natives and got info from them. Squanto and Samosat help them learn how to prepare the earth to get crops to grow. Fall 1621, great harvest, they had a 3 day feast for their thankfulness to god and native helping them. (Thanksgiving)
Why did a colony like Maryland, set up to provide refuge for Catholics, ultimately become a predominantly Protestant colony?
George Calbert wanted to build a safe haven for catholics. Calbert would give giant land grants to Catholics and they would build plantations and make a profit. They ultimately became a protestant colony because the majority of the population were the indentured servants that were coming to the colony to work on the plantations and the indentured servants were mostly protestant.
What did the events of the Salem Witch Trials prove about Puritan societies?
Girls felt like they were being stabbed and seizures. A Tituba slave woman was blamed for evil spirits. 180 people were put on trial for the possibility of being involved with witchcraft. 20 people died. Shows desperation of puritan faith to try to stop the loss of their power.
What two things did Williams demand as far as law in Rhode Island? Why?
He demanded religious freedom for all, including Jews. Why, because Mass. Bay was too strict.
What did Sir Edmund Andros do to so anger the settlers against him?
He enforced the Navigation Act by using the Military, and taxed the people without their consent.
Why did Hooker want to move his congregation to the Connecticut River?
He wanted to move his congregation there because the land was really good there because it is near a river.
What was the purpose of the Pequot war? What is significant about who fought who?
In 1637. The purpose was for the English to get the land from natives. It wiped out the Pequot people. English won. It slowed down English colonization to the west.
What was Winthrop's intention for Massachusetts Bay when he compared it to a "city on a hill?"
It comes from the Bible. Where all people can see and are drawn to by the goodness that you have. Everyone would be able to see it because of their Christ living. Puritans believed in predestination.
How did African slavery get its start? Why did such few numbers of African slaves get shipped directly to the British colonies in North America?
It got its start after Bacon's rebellion. Few slaves were sent directly because the English were trying to separate them from their families.
What significant changes were included in the new charter of 1691? Impact?
It meant the Dominion of New England was over. Owning land was now the only way to vote. William and Mary put together an English Bill of Rights. Implants in the minds of colonists that they do have basic rights, and anything done to go against that means the English people have to stand together against it.
How do his actions, and colonial reactions, serve as precursors to the American Revolution?
It shows that the colonists have basic rights, and anything done to go against that will result in the English people taking a stand together against it and fighting for their rights and for their voices to be heard.
What are visible conversions? How is this idea tied to predestination? Which Swiss Protestant developed this idea?
John Calvin. Hearts and minds were depraved. Incapable of choosing God, so God has to choose them. Idea was that God has already chosen who will be saved. Things in life that would show that God has changed their hearts. Leadership of the church decides who is a visible saint.
What broke the 40 year peace between the English and the Natives in New England in 1675?
King Philip starts attacking 20 different native tribes. 3 native warriors were killed by English bc English claimed warriors killed English women. This continues to slow English expansion to the west.
Which colonies saw great amounts of religious and racial diversity? Why is this so?
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware. They specialized in grain. Strong rivers and ports. Best transportation. Lots of fur and timber. Wide assortment because they had a wide assortment of people.
What was significant about being a "freeman?" Who got to choose these freemen? Why is that significant
People who paid their own way and owned some land and stock in the company. They got to be on the general court. Court chooses people who make decisions for the colony.
Give examples of religious intoleration in Massachusetts Bay including the cases of Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams. -What were the "crimes" committed by Anne Hutchinson? Why was she seen as a dangerous citizen? -What were the "crimes" committed by Roger Williams? What actions of his were seen as blasphemous? -What was the ultimate impact of the banishment of such people?
Private bible studies in her home following church services. She said clergy of the puritan faith were not chosen by god. She questions the church's ability to decide who are visible saints. Mistreated native Americans in the colony. He questions the government. Blasphemy against God and the church. Local native american tribe lets Roger live with him. He creates a colony called providence. It allowed for true religious freedom. She created a new colony called exeter.
What changes did William Bradford make to help Plymouth colony be successful?
Propose two options to make a profit. Harvesting furs, and trees for ship building. In 1691, the colony sustained 7,000 people.
Discuss the main differences between Puritans and Separatists.
Separatists - Can't purify church enough, so separate themselves from church of england. Puritans - A member of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church of England under Elizabeth as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship.
What was the effect of the English victory?
Slowed down English expansion to the west.
Why did the Puritan church turn to the Half-Way Covenant? What impact does it have on the church?
That they were afraid they were losing future generations. Colony has become consumed with making a profit, instead of living a holy lifestyle. Half membership to the children of say members. The rules of the church have changed to keep the people.
What was William Penn's "holy experiment?"
The "Holy Experiment" was an attempt by the Quakers, to establish a community for themselves and other persecuted religious minorities in what would become the modern state of Pennsylvania.
Which groups were impacted, positively or negatively, by South Carolina's tie to the West Indies? Explain.
The African slaves were impacted negatively because they had to work on the plantations and the English people were impacted positively because they were given 50 acres of land per person and they could worship freely, religion with Christ.
Trace the development of the Puritan religion from the beginning of Protestantism up through the Separatist movement.
The Church of England was home of Protestant movement. The Church of England was protestant beliefs, but catholic practices. Puritans purify the new church of England from all catholic practices.
What was the background problem concerning Bacon's Rebellion? Even though the movement failed, what was significant about this movement?
The Governor of Virginia, Berkeley, was giving large land grants to his wealthy friends and excluding former indentured servants. So people like Bacon and other servants had had enough of all that they had sacrificed and not received what they had signed up for which was land, so Bacon forms an army of his fellow servants and fights the Government and the city of Jamestown. What is significant about this movement is that expansion would continue to be slowed by native resistance, class issues would lead to further revolts, colonies begin to look into African slaves as their labor, and most importantly of all, it defines the behavior of the American Revolution.
What did the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut represent in the New World?
The first written constitution.
What was the original purpose of the Dominion of New England? How does it change?
The original purpose of the Dominion of New England was to have one government under all of the New England colonies. It changed because Mary and William got rid of James ll which got rid of the Dominion of New England and brought back the legislative gov and assemblies.
What was the purpose of Georgia's founding? What other uses did England quickly find for it?
The purpose of the founding of Georgia was as a military buffer zone between the Carolinas and Spanish Florida. Protect Carolinas from Spanish Florida. It also served as a penal colony for debtors' prison. People in England who owned more debt than they could pay off, would come to Georgia to work off their debt and go to prison.
Why were there so few revolts in the early days of slavery in English North America?
There were few revolts because it was illegal for African Americans to be able to learn to read and write and they were brought from Africa and didn't know where they were. So even if they escaped, they would not be able to gather information on where they were and how to survive. As a result, the plantation they worked on was their world and that was all they knew.
The New England colonies, apart from Massachusetts, formed as a result of what? Give examples.
They all came from people who were kicked out of Massachusetts bay or voluntarily left because they were mad at the laws in massachusetts.
What about the geography of the middle colonies made it conducive to agriculture and trade?
They had a wide assortment of people, so they had a wide assortment of material. All of the cities in the middle colonies were intentionally placed by cities for trade.
Discuss the beliefs of Quakers, and why those beliefs caused severe persecution at home in England as well as in the colonies?
They rejected predestination. Every man and woman had inner light. And the holy spirit would power that light. Humans either accepted or rejected salvation. They allowed women to have high positions in church. They were passivists. They refused to fight in the king's army. They were very unpopular. Those beliefs go exactly against the Puritans beliefs, which created tension.
How did Mercantilism actually increase the desire for African slaves in the New World? Why was the acquisition of large amounts of gold a powerful move?Explain.
This was a powerful move because it would make England a self-sufficient country in economy. And it also kept gold inside the empire. It set a desire for slaves because of the triangular trade. Europe provided Africa and America with finished goods, the Americas supplied Europe and Africa with raw materials, and Africa supplied the Americas and Europe with slaves.
What was the main purpose of the Massachusetts Bay colony? What was different about how this colony was governed?
To create a city on a hill. Colony that would be so Christ-like that it would be a beacon to the world. Live holy led guided by scripture. Society of hard working people.
What two things were being restored when King Charles II was placed on the throne in England?
To restore the monarchy and make the Carolinas a successful colony.
What caused the population boom in this area in the early 1700's?
Well protected from storms and attack. Very wealthy colony off fur trade and port impact.
What impact did the 1st and 2nd Anglo-Powhatan Wars have on Native American society? English society?
When the Anglo-Powhatan people were defeated by the Virginia people, they were forced out of the area and tobacco took over. This made Virginia the most populated and wealthiest state.
What was the Mayflower Compact? How does it represent a form of democracy?
Will have rules and laws and people will agree to follow them. Separatists William Bradford writes it, so the government will be Puritanical. Government will only allow visible saints to vote.
Describe how early Puritan societies like Massachusetts Bay essentially operated as a theocracy. Give examples.
You had to go to church unless you would lose your land, stocks, banished from the colony, and imprisoned.
