Human Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1
Chemical symbol for calcium
...Ca
What is the function of structure B?
detection of pressure stimulus
What is the function of the secretion from A?
to lubricate hair and prevent infection
This membranous organelle resembles a stack of flattened sacs with bulbous ends and associated vesicles
Golgi apparatus
________ are membranous sacs that detoxify harmful chemicals.
Peroxisomes
Simple epithelia have ________.
one type of epithelial cell, arranged in a single layer
The ducts of __________ glands usually empty into a hair follicle but may also open directly on the skin surface.
sebaceous
This epithelial tissue has many cell layers. It forms the outer layer of the skin.
stratified squamous
From deep to superficial, the layers of the epidermis of thin skin are ________.
stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum
The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the __________.
stratum corneum
What major function occurs in the rough ER?
synthesis of proteins
This connective tissue is made of hard calcified matrix and stores calcium and other minerals.
bone (osseous tissue)
This tough, strong, connective tissue is found beneath the epithelial tissue of the skin. It is packed with collagen fibers that run in all different directions.
dense irregular
This connective tissue looks like strands of wavy hair. It is very strong and attaches muscles to bones.
dense regular
This tissue type is a covering and lining tissue. It also includes glands.
epithelial
This is the toughest kind of cartilage. It is found in places that receive a lot of mechanical stress.
fibrocartilage
Two of the four primary tissue types contain excitable cells, cells that receive stimuli and generate electrical signals. One of these is muscle tissue. Name the other.
nervous
The support cells found in nervous tissue are called ________.
neuroglia
All the following are examples of connective tissue EXCEPT __________. ligaments bones tendons neurons
neurons
Of the two major cell types found in nervous tissue, __________ cells are highly specialized to generate and conduct electrical signals.
neurons
Chemical symbol for hydrogen
...H
Chemical symbol for potassium
...K
Chemical symbol for magnesium
...Mg
Chemical symbol for sodium
...Na
What are anions?
...Negatively charged ion; atoms gain electrons
What is true about the blood supply to the skin?
Epidermis is avascular and dermis is richly vascularized.
________ are tiny finger like projections on some cell surfaces that increase the surface area for absorption of materials.
Microvilli
Chemical symbol for chlorine
...Cl
What are cations?
...Positively charged ion; atoms lose electrons
How many basic types of muscle tissue are there? __________
3
__________ glands are found primarily in the genital and axillary areas.
Apocrine
Which layer is composed primarily of dense irregular connective tissue?
C
________ muscle cells consist of branched uninucleate cells with junctions called as intercalated discs.
Cardiac
________ are cells that make up the brain and spinal cord and transmit electrical signals from receptor to effectors.
Neurons
Epithelial tissues can be classified according to cell shape. __________ epithelial cells are scalelike and flattened.
Squamous
What is not true of epithelial cells?
They are richly vascularized.
True or False: Blood is a type of connective tissue.
True
This connective tissue consists of large round densely packed cells with the nucleus pushed to one side.
adipose
This type of connective tissue is primarily composed of cells.
adipose
Squamous epithelial cells ________.
are thin and flat, like fish scales
This type of connective tissue is found under epithelia, packaging organs, and surrounding capillaries.
areolar
The ________ is the structure responsible for goose bumps.
arrector pili
The hypodermis is ________.
composed primarily of adipose tissue
This connective tissue is packed with parallel collagen fibers, attaches muscles to bone, and can withstand great stress when pulled in one direction.
dense regular
Layers B and C collectively form the __________.
dermis
Ribosomes/ribosomal subunits are found ________.
free in the cytoplasm
This accessory organ of the skin is composed primarily of dead, keratinized cells.
hair
Cardiac muscle is found in the ________.
heart
What additional component associated with outer skin epithelium is not seen in oral epithelium?
keratin
What is the most common cell type in the epidermis?
keratinocytes
Epithelial tissues are found ________.
lining hollow organs
A freckle is a concentrated spot of this pigment.
melanin
Name the substance that protects the DNA of rapidly dividing skin cells from the damage caused by ultraviolet rays from the sun.
melanin
All connective tissue is derived from an embryonic tissue known as __________.
mesenchyme
Because these organelles are responsible for providing most of the ATP needed by the cell, they are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell. They are the __________.
mitochondria
Name the rod-shaped organelles that have a double-membrane wall and that oxidize foodstuffs to make ATP.
mitochondria
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
modification and packaging of proteins
This primary tissue type generates electrical signals and can actively contract.
muscle
This layer of the dermis is responsible for fingerprints.
papillary layer
Select the tissue that is a simple epithelium. pseudostratified transitional dense regular areolar
pseudostratified
These glands are found all over the skin except in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. They produce an oily substance that lubricates skin and hair.
sebaceous glands
The plasma membrane allows nutrients to enter the cell and keeps undesirable substances out of the cell. It also allows wastes to pass out of the cell and keeps valuable cell proteins inside the cell. This property is called ________.
selective permeability
The plasma membrane not only provides a protective boundary for the cell but also determines which substances enter or exit the cell. We call this characteristic __________.
selective permeability
The portion of a hair that projects from the scalp surface is known as the __________.
shaft
This epithelial tissue forms the kidney tubules, and the ducts and secretory portions of small glands.
simple cuboidal
This tissue can look like the hexagonal tiles of a bathroom floor. It also forms the air sacs of the lungs.
simple squamous epithelium
Which muscle tissue type is controlled voluntarily?
skeletal
Of the basic muscle types, this is the "meat" of the body, attached to the skeleton, which moves the limbs and other body parts.
skeletal muscle
This layer of the epidermis contains translucent cells filled with keratin fibrils. It is found only in thick skin.
stratum lucidum
Which of the following terms describes layer D?
subcutaneous
Groups of cells that are anatomically similar and share a function are called __________.
tissues
Which of these is NOT a function of the layer at D? to store energy to insulate the body from heat loss to loosely connect the skin to underlying tissue to supply cells to replace those lost from the epidermis
to supply cells to replace those lost from the epidermis
This tissue type is capable of changing its shape and stretching. It lines the urinary bladder and ureters.
transitional epithelium
How many primary tissue types are found in the human body? __________
4
This type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs. It has no striations, and its cells are spindle shaped. It is __________.
smooth muscle
Thick skin of the epidermis contains __________ layers.
5