Human Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1

Chemical symbol for calcium

...Ca

What is the function of structure B?

detection of pressure stimulus

What is the function of the secretion from A?

to lubricate hair and prevent infection

This membranous organelle resembles a stack of flattened sacs with bulbous ends and associated vesicles

Golgi apparatus

________ are membranous sacs that detoxify harmful chemicals.

Peroxisomes

Simple epithelia have ________.

one type of epithelial cell, arranged in a single layer

The ducts of __________ glands usually empty into a hair follicle but may also open directly on the skin surface.

sebaceous

This epithelial tissue has many cell layers. It forms the outer layer of the skin.

stratified squamous

From deep to superficial, the layers of the epidermis of thin skin are ________.

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum

The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the __________.

stratum corneum

What major function occurs in the rough ER?

synthesis of proteins

This connective tissue is made of hard calcified matrix and stores calcium and other minerals.

bone (osseous tissue)

This tough, strong, connective tissue is found beneath the epithelial tissue of the skin. It is packed with collagen fibers that run in all different directions.

dense irregular

This connective tissue looks like strands of wavy hair. It is very strong and attaches muscles to bones.

dense regular

This tissue type is a covering and lining tissue. It also includes glands.

epithelial

This is the toughest kind of cartilage. It is found in places that receive a lot of mechanical stress.

fibrocartilage

Two of the four primary tissue types contain excitable cells, cells that receive stimuli and generate electrical signals. One of these is muscle tissue. Name the other.

nervous

The support cells found in nervous tissue are called ________.

neuroglia

All the following are examples of connective tissue EXCEPT __________. ligaments bones tendons neurons

neurons

Of the two major cell types found in nervous tissue, __________ cells are highly specialized to generate and conduct electrical signals.

neurons

Chemical symbol for hydrogen

...H

Chemical symbol for potassium

...K

Chemical symbol for magnesium

...Mg

Chemical symbol for sodium

...Na

What are anions?

...Negatively charged ion; atoms gain electrons

What is true about the blood supply to the skin?

Epidermis is avascular and dermis is richly vascularized.

________ are tiny finger like projections on some cell surfaces that increase the surface area for absorption of materials.

Microvilli

Chemical symbol for chlorine

...Cl

What are cations?

...Positively charged ion; atoms lose electrons

How many basic types of muscle tissue are there? __________

3

__________ glands are found primarily in the genital and axillary areas.

Apocrine

Which layer is composed primarily of dense irregular connective tissue?

C

________ muscle cells consist of branched uninucleate cells with junctions called as intercalated discs.

Cardiac

________ are cells that make up the brain and spinal cord and transmit electrical signals from receptor to effectors.

Neurons

Epithelial tissues can be classified according to cell shape. __________ epithelial cells are scalelike and flattened.

Squamous

What is not true of epithelial cells?

They are richly vascularized.

True or False: Blood is a type of connective tissue.

True

This connective tissue consists of large round densely packed cells with the nucleus pushed to one side.

adipose

This type of connective tissue is primarily composed of cells.

adipose

Squamous epithelial cells ________.

are thin and flat, like fish scales

This type of connective tissue is found under epithelia, packaging organs, and surrounding capillaries.

areolar

The ________ is the structure responsible for goose bumps.

arrector pili

The hypodermis is ________.

composed primarily of adipose tissue

This connective tissue is packed with parallel collagen fibers, attaches muscles to bone, and can withstand great stress when pulled in one direction.

dense regular

Layers B and C collectively form the __________.

dermis

Ribosomes/ribosomal subunits are found ________.

free in the cytoplasm

This accessory organ of the skin is composed primarily of dead, keratinized cells.

hair

Cardiac muscle is found in the ________.

heart

What additional component associated with outer skin epithelium is not seen in oral epithelium?

keratin

What is the most common cell type in the epidermis?

keratinocytes

Epithelial tissues are found ________.

lining hollow organs

A freckle is a concentrated spot of this pigment.

melanin

Name the substance that protects the DNA of rapidly dividing skin cells from the damage caused by ultraviolet rays from the sun.

melanin

All connective tissue is derived from an embryonic tissue known as __________.

mesenchyme

Because these organelles are responsible for providing most of the ATP needed by the cell, they are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell. They are the __________.

mitochondria

Name the rod-shaped organelles that have a double-membrane wall and that oxidize foodstuffs to make ATP.

mitochondria

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

modification and packaging of proteins

This primary tissue type generates electrical signals and can actively contract.

muscle

This layer of the dermis is responsible for fingerprints.

papillary layer

Select the tissue that is a simple epithelium. pseudostratified transitional dense regular areolar

pseudostratified

These glands are found all over the skin except in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. They produce an oily substance that lubricates skin and hair.

sebaceous glands

The plasma membrane allows nutrients to enter the cell and keeps undesirable substances out of the cell. It also allows wastes to pass out of the cell and keeps valuable cell proteins inside the cell. This property is called ________.

selective permeability

The plasma membrane not only provides a protective boundary for the cell but also determines which substances enter or exit the cell. We call this characteristic __________.

selective permeability

The portion of a hair that projects from the scalp surface is known as the __________.

shaft

This epithelial tissue forms the kidney tubules, and the ducts and secretory portions of small glands.

simple cuboidal

This tissue can look like the hexagonal tiles of a bathroom floor. It also forms the air sacs of the lungs.

simple squamous epithelium

Which muscle tissue type is controlled voluntarily?

skeletal

Of the basic muscle types, this is the "meat" of the body, attached to the skeleton, which moves the limbs and other body parts.

skeletal muscle

This layer of the epidermis contains translucent cells filled with keratin fibrils. It is found only in thick skin.

stratum lucidum

Which of the following terms describes layer D?

subcutaneous

Groups of cells that are anatomically similar and share a function are called __________.

tissues

Which of these is NOT a function of the layer at D? to store energy to insulate the body from heat loss to loosely connect the skin to underlying tissue to supply cells to replace those lost from the epidermis

to supply cells to replace those lost from the epidermis

This tissue type is capable of changing its shape and stretching. It lines the urinary bladder and ureters.

transitional epithelium

How many primary tissue types are found in the human body? __________

4

This type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs. It has no striations, and its cells are spindle shaped. It is __________.

smooth muscle

Thick skin of the epidermis contains __________ layers.

5