Human Anatomy & Physiology I: Exam IV

B

Muscle force can be doubled when the agonist and the antagonist contract at the same time. A. True B. False

D

Muscles that permit standing on the toes would be located on which side of the leg? A. Medial B. Lateral C. Posterior D. Anterior

A

Muscles that permit thigh adduction would be located on which side of the femur? A. Medial B. Lateral C. Posterior D. Anterior

...

Sciatica pain has been attributed to inflammation of which muscle? INCOMPLETE A. Piriformis B. Multifidus C. Quadratum D. Sartorius

A

Sprains are injuries to ligaments and can be graded based on the degree of severity. A. True B. False

A

The anterior -talofibular ligament is the most commonly sprained ankle ligament and is found on the lateral side of the ankle. A. True B. False

A

The brachialis is the primary muscle for elbow flexion and generates 50% more power than the biceps brachii. A. True B. False

D

The functional unit of the muscle which extends from Z disc to Z disc is a: A. Motor neuron B. Muscle spindle C. Myocyte D. Sarcomere

C

The most common type of hernia is: A. Umbilical B. Hiatal C. Inguinal D. Esophageal

A

The muscles of the face, head, and neck are innervated by: A. Some of the cranial nerves. B. Sympathetic nerves. C. Parasympathetic nerves. D. Cutaneous nerves.

D

The primary hip extensor is the: A. Semimembranosus B. Ilopsoas C. Hallucis longus D. Gluteus maximus

C

The sarcoplasmic reticulum surrounds the myofibrils and stores: A. Mg+ B. Fe+ C. Ca++ D. Cl-

B

The typical, or acceptable, definition of a muscles origin is that it is attached to the bone that moves. A. True B. False

D

Which muscles are not involved with breathing? A. External intercostals B. Internal intercostals C. Diaphragm D. Adductor pollicis

D

Which neurotransmitter initiates skeletal muscle contraction? A. Epinephrine B. Seratonin C. Dopamine D. Acetylcholine

B

A tendon connects two bones together, specifically attached to the periosteum. A. True B. False

B

One nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers innervated by that nerve is called: A. Alpha motor neuron B. Motor unit C. Unilateral corticospinal nerve tract D. Delta motor neuron

A

What is the primary action of the rectus abdominal muscles? A. Flex the trunk B. Extend the trunk C. Rotate the trunk D. Circumduct the trunk

B

What property of muscle is responsible for its return to its resting length after it is stretched? A. Collagenicity B. Elasticity C. Hypertonia D. Spasticity

...

Which muscle is located on the lateral side of the leg? INCOMPLETE A. Anterior tibial B. Extensor digitorum longus C. Extensor hallucis longus D. Peroneal longus

C

Where is the triceps surae located? A. Posterior arm B. Posterior thigh C. Posterior leg D. Posterior back

A

Which electrolyte initiates skeletal muscle contraction? A. Ca+ B. Na+ C. K+ D. Cl-

C

Which is not a back muscle? A. Rhomboids B. Deltoid C. Levator scapulae D. Erector spinae

D

Which is not a function of skeletal muscles? A. Aid in glycemic control. B. Produce most of the body's heat. C. Stabilize joints. D. Regulate pH.

D

Which is not correct regarding acting? A. It is made up of G-actin sub units each with an active site which binds to the myosin head. B. The tropomyosin block 6-7 of the active sites on the G-actin. C. Troponin is a calcium binding protein on the tropmyosin. D. Actin attaches to the Z-line and is thicker than myosin.

D

Which is not correct regarding collagen? A. It resists excessive stretching. B. It is found in the tendons. C. It is the most abundant protein in the body. D. Since there is only one form of collagen, it is replaced every 3-5 days.

C

Which is not correct regarding rheumatoid arthritis? A. It is an auto-immune disease. B. It involves organs. C. It involves one large weight bearing joint. D. The bodies own anti-bodies will attack the synovial membrane.

C

Which is not correct regarding the knee? A. It contains two 'C' shaped cartilaginous structures called the lateral and medial meniscus. B. It's joint capsule encloses it's lateral and posterior aspects. C. The knee has one intra-capsular collateral ligaments and three extra-capsular cruciate ligaments. D. The most common knee injuries are to the meniscus and to the anterior cruciate ligament, which heal slowly due to scanty blood flow.

A

Which is not correct regarding the knee? A. It is the largest ball and socket joint in the body. B. It allows flexion and extension. C. It allows slight rotation and lateral gliding. D. It's anterior surface is stabilized by the quadriceps and the posterior surface by the hamstrings.

C

Which is not correct regarding the neuromuscular junction? A. Neurotransmitters when released from the synaptic bulb will diffuse across the synaptic cleft. B. Some synaptic vesicles contain acetylcholine. C. The synapse is a physical connection between the dendrite and the sarcolemma.

B

Which is not correct? A. Individual muscles fibers are surrounded by endomysium. B. The biceps is a fusiform muscle, while the quadriceps is a bipennate muscle. C. Epimysium surrounds the entire muscle and it's outer surface will blend with the muscle fascia. D. Bundles of muscle fibers are called fascia.

C

Which is not correct? A. Skeletal muscle needs to be stimulated by a nerve for a contraction to occur. B. During contraction, the myosin and actin will overlap with each other. C. During relaxation myosin shortens and actin lengthens. D. A denervated muscle will atrophy.

C

Which is not correct? A. The inside of the cell is considered to be more negative than the outside of the cell. B. At rest, there are more K+ ions inside of the cell. C. The resting cell membrane is approximately 100 volts. D. At rest, there is more Na+ ions outside the cell.

D

Which is not part of the hamstrings? A. Biceps femoris B. Semitendinosus C. Semimembranosus D. Plantaris

C

Which is part of the quadriceps muscle? A. Soleus B. Popliteal C. Rectus femoris D. Gracialis

C

Which is the most superior located muscle? A. Latissimus dorsi B. Trapezius C. Sternocleidomastoid D. Diaphragm

B

Which of the following is not considered to be a rotator cuff muscle? A. Supraspinatus B. Triceps C. Teres minor D. Subscapularis

D

Which of the following is not found in the actin myofilament? A. Troponin B. Tropomyosin C. Two fibrous strands D. Chloride binding receptors

D

Which of the following statements are correct? A. The shoulder and hip are both ball and socket joints. B. The primary motion of a hinge joint is flexion and extension. C. A pivot joint is a type of synovial joint. D. All of the above.

...

Which of the following statements are not correct? INCOMPLETE A. Titin anchors myosin to the Z-disc and helps prevent over-stretching. B. Dystrophin connects the sarcolemma to the plasma membrane. C. Troponin moves the tropomysium off the active sites of the actin. D. Actin and myosin myofilaments will shorten during muscle contraction.