Pt Assess ch 8
Which of the following is a true statement regarding the term hypoxemia?
It occurs when the patient's PaO2 is lower than predicted
pH 7.28 PaCO2 67 mm Hg PaO2 49 mm Hg SaO2 76% Hb 10.1 g/dL CaO2 10.4 vol% Bicarbonate 26 mEq/L Base excess -2 mEq/L Respiratory rate 25 breaths/min FIO2 0.70 Which of the following is true regarding the PaO2?
It shows moderate hypoxemia.
Which of the following would be the best indicator of tissue oxygenation?
PvO2
What is the most common physiologic cause of hypoxemia in patients with lung disease?
V/Q mismatch
Which of the following shifts the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left?
fetal hemoglobin
What is a decrease in tissue oxygenation called?
hypoxia
What could cause tissue hypoxia with normal arterial oxygenation?
inadequate cardiac output
pH 7.28 PaCO2 67 mm Hg PaO2 49 mm Hg SaO2 76% Hb 10.1 g/dL CaO2 10.4 vol% Bicarbonate 26 mEq/L Base excess -2 mEq/L Respiratory rate 25 breaths/min FIO2 0.70 Which of the following is true regarding oxygen-carrying capacity?
it is decreased
Which of the following is the most common site for arterial puncture?
radial artery
Which of the following could cause metabolic acidosis?
renal disease
A patient has the following ABG results: pH 7.25, PaCO2 32 mm Hg, HCO3- 16 mEq/L, base excess -10 mEq/L Based on these findings, the patient has which of the following?
uncompensated metabolic acidosis
A 17-year-old man is brought into the emergency department. Vitals are as follows: pulse, 100 beats/min; respiratory rate, 4 breaths/min; and blood pressure, 100/65 mm Hg. The patient was at a party, where he was discovered by his friends to be slumped in a chair and unresponsive. ABG results are as follows: pH 7.29, PaCO2 68 mm Hg, HCO3- 29 mEq/L, BE + 1 mEq/L The patient's acid-base status is classified as which of the following?
uncompensated respiratory acidosis
What is the normal value for PaO2 in the adult patient?
80-100 mm Hg
What is often the first clinical sign that suggests the presence of hypoxemia?
Exertional dyspnea
Which of the following is true regarding respiratory alkalosis?
The PaCO2 is less than 35 mm Hg.
pH 7.28 PaCO2 67 mm Hg PaO2 49 mm Hg SaO2 76% Hb 10.1 g/dL CaO2 10.4 vol% Bicarbonate 26 mEq/L Base excess -2 mEq/L Respiratory rate 25 breaths/min FIO2 0.70 Which of the following statements is true regarding the accuracy of the reported results?
The pH is reported considerably higher than it should be.
An acute increase in PaCO2 of 10 to 15 mm Hg causes a corresponding increase in plasma HCO3- of how many mEq/L?
1
For the test of collateral circulation in an Allen's Test, "pinking up" of the hand is normal if it occurs within ____ seconds.
10-15
What is the normal value for CaO2?
16-20%
Which of the following ratios of HCO3- /PaCO2 results in a pH of 7.40?
20:1
An arterial puncture site normally should be compressed for a minimum of ___ minutes after the puncture.
3-5
Which of the following tests is performed to check the collateral circulation of the radial artery before puncture?
Allen's test
What is the primary method of transporting oxygen in the blood?
Bound to hemoglobin
Which of the following would be best used to assess arterial oxygenation?
CaO2
Which of the following parameters is the respiratory component of acid-base status?
PaCO2
pH 7.28 PaCO2 67 mm Hg PaO2 49 mm Hg SaO2 76% Hb 10.1 g/dL CaO2 10.4 vol% Bicarbonate 26 mEq/L Base excess -2 mEq/L Respiratory rate 25 breaths/min FIO2 0.70 Which of the following could cause this patient's problem?
acute airway obstruction
Which of the following is the best indicator of metabolic acid-base status?
base excess
Before an arterial blood gas (ABG) value is obtained, the patient's clotting parameters should be evaluated because:
bleeding time may be prolonged if they are abnormal
What is the direct effect of an increased PaCO2 on HCO3-?
causes it to increase
Given the following ABG results, interpret the acid-base status: pH 7.44, PaCO2 25 mm Hg, HCO3- 17 mEq/L, base excess -6 mEq/L
compensated respiratory alkalosis
A shift to the right in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve has what effect on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?
decreased
A 32-year-old man comes to the emergency department after a traffic accident with the following data: pulse, 118 beats/min; respiratory rate, 27 breaths/min; blood pressure, 100/68 mm Hg; paradoxical chest movement on the left side; breath sounds decreased on the left; and ABG on room air (21%) as follows: pH, 7.32; PaCO2, 70 mm Hg; PaO2, 57 mm Hg; HCO3-, 23 mEq/L; base excess, 0; SaO2, 86%, CaO2, 15.2 vol%; Hb, 13.0 g/dL; P(A - a)O2, 18 mm Hg. Based on this information, what is the primary cause of the patient's hypoxemia?
overall hypoventilation
The negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration is defined as which of the following?
pH
Which of the following is a correct representation of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?
pH = pK + log HCO3- /(PaCO2 x 0.03)
pH 7.28 PaCO2 67 mm Hg PaO2 49 mm Hg SaO2 76% Hb 10.1 g/dL CaO2 10.4 vol% Bicarbonate 26 mEq/L Base excess -2 mEq/L Respiratory rate 25 breaths/min FIO2 0.70 The acid-base status is classified as which of the following?
uncompensated respiratory acidosis
A 35-year-old, 54-kg woman with congestive heart failure enters the emergency department short of breath. An ABG shows the following results: pH 7.50, PaCO2 30 mm Hg, HCO3- 23 mEq/L, base excess +2 mEq/L The patient's ABG results indicate which of the following?
uncompensated respiratory alkalosis