Human Anatomy and Physiology Semester 2 Final
Embolism
A blood clot that does not retain its vessel wall location becomes an
Plexus or ganglia
A complex interwoven network of nerves is called a?
Diaphragm is controlled by the cervical plexus
A diver sustains an injury to the brachial plexus. This is less devastating than one sustained to the cervical plexus because the?
unequally, with most lying on the left side
A midsagittal section through the trunk would divide the heart
Vagus
A nerve associated with the motor activities of swallowing is called the _________ nerve
Facial
A nerve that innervates some of the salivary glands is called the blank nerve
ECG
A recording of the electrical events in the heart is a?
Posterior pituitary
ADH (Vasopressin) is synthesized by the
ADH; increased
Alcohol consumption inhibits _______ release and results in ________ urine production
Aorta
All the vessels of the systemic arterial system originate from the
Tachycardia
An accelerated heart rate above 100 beats per minute is called?
The connection of normally separate parts. An anastomosis may be naturally occurring or it may be created during embryonic development, surgery, or trauma, or by pathological means
Anastomosis means
Iron
Anemia can result from inadequate
the hemes carry oxygen
Arterial blood is bright red because
Dilating
As alveolar oxygen levels increase, arterioles serving the capillaries surrounding those alveoli react by
Increases
As vessels become smaller, peripheral resistance
Falling; vasodilation
Baroreceptor stimulation is caused by blood pressure ______ and results in ______
Carotid arteries and the aorta
Baroreceptors are located in
Right Primary Bronchus
Because it has larger diameter and steeper slope, more foreign objects become lodged in the ________ during choking
Left Side
Bicuspid Valve is on which side of the heart?
Whole blood
Blood that has an unaltered composition is called
Air is warmed on inhalation
Breathing through the nose rather than the mouth is advantageous because
Parasympathetic rest and digest activity
Bronchoconstriction is expected during
stroke volume and heart rate
Cardiac output depends on
Diencephalon
Contains thalamus and hypothalamus
Atrial Systole
Contraction of the upper chambers of the heart is called?
Spinal Cord
Cranial nerves are to the brain what spinal nerves are to the?
Second-order neurons
Crossovers occur in?
Dermatomes
Damage to spinal nerves can be detected as characteristics loss of sensation in skin patches called?
Vestibulocochlear
Damage to which of the following nerves can be medically treated with cochlear implants
When the testicles become cold
Dartos muscles will retract
Pia Mater
Delicate innermost layer, directly attached to the brain
Potassium ions diffusing to the outside of the cell membrane
During an acton potential, depolarization occurs as a result of?
Contract to increase the force of expelled air
During coughing the tracheal muscle will
Substance flow out of cell
Efflux means
Gyri
Elevated, finger-like ridges
Penis
Erectile tissue is located in the
1. Chemicals stimulate neurons 2. Axons collect into bundles 3. First synapse in olfactory bulb 4. Travels olfactory tract 5. Reaches olfactory cortex
Events happening in the olfactory pathway
Decrease; Increase
Exhalation causes the thoracic cavity volume to _______ and air pressure inside the lungs to _________
Auricles
Expandable extensions of the atrium are called
Uterine tubules
Fertilization normally occurs in the
Iodine and tyrosine
For hormone production, the thyroid gland requires?
Decrease
General digestive activities during the alarm phase of the stress response will
LH and FSH
GnRH induces the release of the anterior pituitary hormones
Anterior Pituitary
Hormones that are made by the hypothalamus are secreted by the
break down (a compound) by chemical reaction with water
Hydrolyze means
Hypocapnia
Hyperventilation will result in
AV bundle
If the normal pacemaker of the heart fails, the job will be taken over by the?
unchanging over time or unable to be changed
Immutable means?
Posterior
In relation to the thyroid, the parathyroid glands are located
Dura mater and arachnoid mater
In the case of a subdural hematoma resulting from a blow to the head, blood accumulates between the blank and blank.
Oligodendrocytes
In the central nervous system myelin is formed by?
Arbor Vitae
Inner white matter of cerebellum
Medulla Oblongata
Integrative centers for the autonomic nervous system are located in the
Between Cells
Intracellular means?
Same side
Ipsilateral means
No
Is abducens a nerve that includes a sensory function?
No its not
Is optic nerve a cranial nerve involved in eye movement?
NO
Is the nissel cell a type of neuroglial cell?
Types B and AB
Jennifer has type A blood. What blood type(s) would cause agglutination or cross reaction with her blood?
Inhibit sympathy activity to the heart
Julie's baroreceptors detect an increase in blood pressure. Which represents a normal homeostatic response?
Aorta
Left Ventricle blood from here goes through which vessel
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium where does the blood in here come from
Capillary exchange
Low pressure and slow flow rates are characteristics of favorable
Capillary Exchange
Low pressure and slow flow rates are characteristics of favorable?
White
Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear
Average, towards
Medial means
Brain Stem
Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, full of tracts that carry spinal cord to brain and brain to spinal cord, controls many reflexes that regulate life sustaining functions
Pineal Gland
Melatonin is produced and secreted by the
process that jumps from one stage to the next.
Non-linear progression
Follicular; Luteal
Ovulation separates the ________ phase from the ________ phase in the ovaries
Two oxygen molecule and a heme
Oxyhemoglobin consists of?
Vagus Nerve
Parasympathetic innervation travels to the heart via the?
Cardiac output and/or peripheral resistance
Pressure gradient adjustments can be generated by changing
Estrogen
Primary follicles make and secrete
Deoxygenated
Pulmonary Artories
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary Artories contain which valve
Oxygenated
Pulmonary Veins
Inferior and Superior Vena Cava
Right Atrium where does the in here come from?
Pulmonary Artery
Right Ventricle where does the blood go from this structure
tending to spend much time seated; somewhat inactive
Sedentary means?
Referred
Sensation of pain in an area of the body other than its actual source is called?
Longitude fissure
Separates the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum
Sulci
Shallow depressions
Chemoreceptors
Specialized neurons that can detect small changes in concentrations of specific compounds are
Seminiferous tubules
Spermatogenesis occurs in the
Baroreceptors
Stretch Receptors that monitor pressure changes are called
Reduce surface tension in alveoli
Surfactant acts functionally to....
Hypoxia; erythropoietin
Sylvia is pregnant and experiencing anemia. As a result of her __________, her kidneys will attempt to re-establish homeostasis by releasing
Chemotaxis
Th chemical characteristic that guides white blood cells toward damaged tissue is called
superior to the kidneys
The adrenal glands are located
Venous Return
The amount of blood arriving at the right ventricle each minute is?
Diaphragm
The apex of the heart lies superior to the
Superior
The base of the heart is the portion that is most
Sternum
The bone lying anterior to the heart is the?
Pulmonary
The circuit that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs is the _________ circuit
Preserve homeostasis
The common goal of the endocrine and nervous system is to
larynex
The common pathway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the
Perineurium
The connective tissue covering fascicles in a nerve is called?
Dendrites
The cytoplasmic extensions that provide the main receptive surfaces for neurons are
Phrenic Nerve
The diaphragm is innervates by the?
hormones
The endocrine system differs from the nervous system in that the chemical messengers of the endocrine systems are
Scrotum
The external genitalia that encloses the testes is called the
Vagina
The female reproductive organ that opens to the exterior is the
conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
The final step in the coagulation phase is
Erythroproietin
The hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in response to hypoxia is called
Sympathetic neurons
The hypothalamus exerts control over the adrenal medulla through
Ventricles
The interconnected fluid-filled cavities within the brain are called?
Skin
The largest diversity in general sensory receptors are found in
Inferior
The location of the thyroid gland in relation to the thyroid cartilage is
Vagus
The mixed cranial nerve that innervates visceral organs is called the ______ nerve
Vagus
The mixed cranial nerve that innervates visceral organs is called the blank nerve
Testicular
The most common cancer fatality in men ages 15 to 35 is
Walk to contract leg skeletal muscles
The most effective way to aid venous return in lower limbs following any surgery is to
Nasopharynx
The most superior portion of the pharynx is the?
Cremaster
The muscle that can contract to withdraw the testes close to the body is the
Cervical Plexus
The muscles of the neck and thoracic cavity are innervated by the?
Vestibulocochlear
The nerve associated with hearing and balance is called the blank nerve
Trigeminal
The nerve associated with motor activities of chewing is called the ______ nerve
Olfactory
The nerve associated with the sense of smell is the blank nerve?
Vagus
The nerve that controls the muscles of the pharynx and larynx is called the blank nerve.
Hypoglossal
The nerve that controls the tongue muscles is called the ________ nerve
Hypoglossal
The nerve that controls the tongue muscles is called the blank nerve
Glossopharyngeal
The nerve that detects pH, blood pressure, and carbon dioxide levels is called the ________ nerve
Glossopharyngeal
The nerve that detects pH, blood pressure, and carbon dioxide levels is called the blank nerve
Trigeminal
The nerve that detects sensation of the face, lips, and tongue is called the blank nerve
Facial
The nerve that detects taste on the front of the tongue is called the blank nerve
glossopharyngeal
The nerve that innervates the parotid salivary gland is called the blank nerve
Optic
The nerve that innervates the retina is called the blank nerve
Epineurium
The outermost connective tissue covering of nerves is called
SA node
The pacemaker of the heart is normally the
Cerebellum
The part of the brain that functions your balance and coordination?
Stretch Receptor
The patellar reflex is activated by a
Hematocrit
The percent of the whole blood volume contributed by formed elements is the
Fibrinogen
The plasma component with a role in blood clotting is called?
Clitoris
The pleasurable sensations during female sexual activity is generated with stimulation to the
Hemocytoblast
The precursor multipoint stem cell for hematopoiesis is called a
Lumbar Vertebrae
The pressure of cerebrospinal fluid is usually measured by introducing a hollow needle into the subarachnoid space between
Testis
The primary gonad in males is the
increases volume and decreases pressure in the lungs
The process of inhalation
Diapedesis
The process of white blood cells migrating out of capillaries to the surrounding tissues is called
Penis
The reproductive organ that conducts urin to the exterior and introduces semen into the vagina is the
Gonads
The reproductive organs that produce gametes and hormones are called
deoxygenated blood from the vena cava
The right atrium receives
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
The right atrium receives blood from the
Serous
The scrotal cavity is lined with a ________ membrane that reduces friction
Skeletal muscle; visceral activity
The somatic nervous system controls _______ activity while the autonomic nervous system controls _______
Thyroid
The structure that secrets hormones associated with fat metabolism and appetite regulation is
Hard Palate
The structure that serves as a bony separation between the nasal and oral cavities is called the
Internal Septum
The tissue separating the two upper chambers of the heart is the
Pseudostrafied ciliated columnar epithelium
The tissue type most characteristics of the upper respiratory lumen lining is
Blood
The transmission of endocrine signals occurs through
42%
The typical adult female hematocrit is ________ percent.
Dorsal roots of spinal nerves
The varicella-zoster virus that causes chicken pox can lie dormant for years in the?
Venules
The vessels that collect blood from capillary beds are called
Capillaries
The vessels that exchange nutrients, respiratory gases and waste are
Coronary sinus
The vessels that supply blood to the heart are called the
Neutrophil
The white blood cell that phagocytosis injured and infected tissue is the
Lymphocyte
The white blood cell that provides specific immunity is the
trachea
The windpipe that conducts air toward the lungs is the
Arachnoid mater
Thin, membranous covering between dura and pia mater
the magnitude or intensity that must be exceeded for a certain
Threshold means?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Through the adrenal medullar, the hypothalamus stimulates release of
Large masses of food can pass through the esophagus
Tracheal cartilage is stucturaly in a C-shaped so that
Right Side
Tricuspid Valve is on which side of the heart?
Tunica Media
Vasoconstriction is accomplished by the
1. Distribution of respiratory gases 2. Delivery of the hormones 3. Temperature regulation 4.Defense against diseases
What are function of the blood?
Filtering incoming air; Warming incoming air; Reabsorbing water from outgoing air; Moving air toward lower respiratory tract
What are functions of the upper respiratory tract?
Secrete FSH
What do the ovaries not do?
are used to treat arrhythmias. Arrhythmias are problems with the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat.
What does a pacemaker do?
Skeletal Muscle Contraction
What does not decrease venous return?
Vital Capacity
What has the highest value in healthy adults
External intercostal
What is a Primary respiratory muscle
is an abnormal heart rhythm where the heart beats too slowly (bradycardia)
What is a heart block?
Thalamus
What is closely associated with diencephalon?
Increased urinary function
What is not a product of activation of the sympathetic division of the ANS
Oxygen transport
What is the major role of a hemoglobin protein?
Parasympathetic stimulation
What will not increase heart rate?
Atrioventricular valve is open and the semilunar valves are closed.
When the cardiac cycle begins, the?
5600 mL/min
When the heart rate is 70 beats per minute and the stork volume is 80 mL, what is the cardiac output?
Closed; Open
When the ventricles are relaxed the semilunar are _______ and the atrioventricular valves are _________.
Left superior lobe
Where is the cardiac notch located?
Vagus
Which cranial nerve does not carry gustatory (taste) information
glycogen production
Which of the following does not increase when epinephrine and norepinephrine are released
Preventing entry of large debris into alveoli
Which of the following represents the major function of the respiratory cilla
Subarachnoid Space
Within the meninges, cerebrospinal fluid occupies the?
Medulla oblongata; Chemoreceptors
pH is monitored in the _______ respiratory center by _____________