Human Anatomy Ch. 1

distal

Away from an attached base Away from the midline Anatomical term meaning farther away from a specific point/joint .

inferior (caudal)

Away from the head Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

lateral

Away from the midline

medial

Closer to the midline of the body

proximal

Closer to the point of attachment closer to origin of the body part

The roots of anatomical terminology lie mainly in

Greek and Latin

What is the purpose of the serous fluid that is located between visceral and parietal serosa?

It allows organs to slide with little friction against each other and against the cavity walls

systemic approach

Organs of any individual system could be studied in the systemic approach.

A histologist examines a specimen that has an epithelium overlying some smooth muscle. This specimen is part of:

an organ

carpal

anatomical assembly connecting the hand to forearm

The umbilical region is ________ to the lumbar region.

anterior

The axillary artery is found in the region of the

armpit

1. chemical level

atoms combine to form molecules

deep (internal)

away from the body surface ; more internal ex: lungs are deep to the skin

thorax

axillary, sternal, and mammary regions

brachial

belonging to the arm, foreleg, wing, pectoral fin, or other forelimb of a vertebrate

acromial

bony process on the scapula (shoulder blade) the outward end of the spine

gluteal

butt

upper limb include:

carpal, antebrachial, pollex, olecranal

smallest living unit

cell

2. cellular level

cells are made up of molecules

5. organ system level

consist of different organs that work together closely

pelvic cavity

contains bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

abdominal cavity

contains digestive viscera

thoracic cavity

contains hearts and lungs

If you wanted to see a section through both lungs at the same time, you could make a cut in the __________ or the __________ plane.

coronal; transverse

bones lie____ to muscles

deep

muscles are____to the skin

deep

the brain is____to the skull

deep

Parietal peritoneum covers the __________.

deep surface of the wall of the abdominal cavity

Which branch of anatomy studies the structural changes that occur as one ages?

developmental anatomy

the ankle lies___to the thigh

distal

The ________ body cavity contains the brain.

dorsal

The dorsal body cavity __________.

encloses the brain and spinal cord

Sternal

The sternum, commonly known as the breastbone, is a long, narrow flat bone that serves as the keystone of the rib cage and stabilizes the thoracic skeleton. Several muscles that move the arms, head, and neck have their origins on the sternum. It also protects several vital organs of the chest, such as the heart, aorta, vena cava, and thymus gland that are located just deep to the sternum. The sternum is located along the body's midline in the anterior thoracic region just deep to the skin.

What is the function of serous membranes?

They reduce friction so that viscera move freely.

functional morphology

explores how organs and body structures work and assesses the efficiency of their design

perineal

genital area

antecubital

in front of elbow

the inguinal region is located _____ to the umbilical region.

inferior

The axillary region is ________ to the sternum.

lateral

the thumb is___to the index finger

lateral

serous membranes

line passages that are closed to outside -dorsal and ventral cavities -each containing internal organs

mucous membranes

line passages that communicate with the air -open to outside -respiratory and alimentary tracts -have cells and associated glands that secrete mucus

frontal plane coronal, vertical

makes a division into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves.

the middle finger is _____to the index finger

medial

cervical

neck region

axillary

of or relating to the armpit.

contralateral

on opposite sides

ipsilateral

on the same side

the levels of structural organization in order of decreasing complexity are:

organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cellular, chemical

4. organ level

organs are made up of different types of tissues

digital

outside of foot

A coronal section through the human body can

pass through both ears

median (midsagittal plane)

passes through the midline of the body and divides it into equal right and left halves divides the part into equal middle parts

The area of the lower limb that refers to the posterior side of the knee is the __________ region

popliteal

The femoral region is ________ to the plantar region.

proximal

the knee is____to the foot

proximal

thigh

proximal region of the lower limb?

inguinal

region refers to either the groin or the lower lateral regions of the abdomen, below belly button

umbilical

relating to or affecting the navel or umbilical cord.

serous cavities

space lined by a serous membrane 2 layers -parietal serosa: outer wall of cavity -visceral serosa: covers visceral organs example: balloon: air-serous cavity inner balloon wall-visceral cavity outer balloon wall-parietal cavity

radiographic anatomy

studies internal body structures by means of MRI, sonography, and other imaging techniques

gross anatomy

study of body structures that can be examined with the naked eye-bones, lungs, and muscles for example

Histology

study of microscopic structures including cells, tissues, and microscopic details of organs

surface anatomy

study of shapes and landmarks that reveal underlying orgnas

The gluteal region is ________ to the popliteal region.

superior

the chest is_____ to the abdomian

superior

the lip is ____to the chin

superior

The pelvic cavity contains __________.

the bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs

6. organismal level

the human organism is made up of many organ systems

anatomy

the study of the structure of the human body (physiology-study of body function)

ventral body cavity

thoracic and abdominal cavities

What point or structure in the body is located farthest laterally? (Hint: Questions always refer to the body in the anatomical position.)

tip of thumb

3. tissue level

tissues consist of different types of cells 4 types: epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

anterior (ventral)

toward or at front of body; in front of

posterior (dorsal)

toward or at the back of the body; behind

superficial (external)

toward or at the body surface ex: the skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles

embryology

understanding the complex design of the adult human body and helps explain birth defects

superior (cranial)

Above; at a higher level Above another structure. Toward the head or upper part of structure of the body