Human Anatomy

Friction ridges on the tips of fingers are known as ______. conical pegs dermal papillae sensory receptors fingerprints

Fingerprints

______ cuts to the lines of cleavage often results in slow healing and increased scarring. Parallel angles Perpendicular

Perpendicular

The anatomy name for a single hair is also called a(n)

Pilus

Which is a usual treatment for first-degree burns? applying cool compresses skin grafting complete bed rest breaking blisters

applying cool compresses

The predominant type of protein fiber found in the dermis is ______. melanin elastin collagen keratin

collagen

The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of ______, keratinized cells. living dead

dead

Merocrine sweat production ______ during the aging process. stays the same diminishes stops increases

diminishes

In the second step of wound healing, a blood clot temporarily patches the ______ of the wound together and acts as a barrier to prevent the entry of ______ into the body. collagen, macrophages hypodermis, macrophages edges, pathogens

edges, pathogens

The dermal papillae interlock with deep projections of the epidermis called ______. epidermal ridges collagen fibers melanosomes keratinocytes

epidermal ridges

Second-degree burns involve the ______ and part of the ______. epidermis, dermis dermis, subcutaneous tissue subcutaneous tissue, fascia

epidermis, dermis

There are two types of melanin, _________ and pheomelanin, together they produce various ratios of yellow, reddish, tan, brown, and black shades. carotene eumelanin hemoglobin

eumelanin

Nerve fibers in skin control ______. Select all that apply. blood flow melanocyte growth gland secretion rates keratin production

gland recreation rates

Excessive hair growth is called ______. alopecia hirsutism

hirsutism

The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein called ______. reticulin keratin collagen elastin

keratin

During our lives, we produce three kinds of hair, which are ______ and terminal hair. lanugo, vellus sweat, oil eccrine, apocrine carotene, melanin

lanugo, vellus

Melanosomes are transferred to keratinocytes in the stratum basale via the process of ______ or exocytosis. Endocytosis pinocytosis phagocytosis osmosis

phagocytosis

The secretions of sebaceous glands, called ______ is usually deposited into a ______. sebum, hair follicle cerumen, axilla sweat, hair follicle hormone, hair follicle

sebum, hair follicle

Which layer is the most superficial in the epidermis? Stratum spinosum Stratum corneum Stratum basale Stratum lucidum

stratum corneum

The active growing phase of the hair growth cycle is called the ______ phase. catagen telogen anagen

anagen

Skin becomes drier and sometimes scaly because of ______ diminishes the amounts of natural skin lubricants. decreased endocrine gland activity decreased merocrine gland activity decreased apocrine gland activity decreased sebaceous gland activity

decrease sebaceous activity

The vascular connective tissue that initially forms in a healing wound is called ______. epidermal tissue reticular tissue granulation tissue osseous tissue

granulation tissue

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ______ or superficial fascia. reticular layer papillary layer epidermis hypodermis

hypordermis

Melanin is transferred in membrane-bound vesicles from _____ to keratinocytes in the stratum basale. melanocytes Merkel cells dendritic cells keratinocytes

melanocytes

The ______ layer of the dermis contains areolar connective tissue and dermal papillae. epidermis subcutaneous reticular papillary

papillary

The secretion produced by apocrine sweat glands is viscous, cloudy, and composed of ______ that are acted upon by bacteria, producing a distinct, noticeable odor. phospholipids and cholesterol proteins and lipids carbohydrates and lipids glycoproteins and phospholipids

proteins and lipids

As an individual ages, the skin repair processes take longer to complete because of the reduced number and activity of _______ cells. melanocytes stem fibroblasts dendritic

stem

Differences in hair density are due primarily to differences in its ______ and ______. dryness, distribution texture, pigmentation length, distribution

texture, pigmentation

The major function of merocrine sweat glands is ______. vitamin production thermoregulation absorption insulation

thermoregulation

At puberty, terminal hair replaces ______ hair in the armpits and pubic regions of the body. lanugo vellus melanin papillary

vellus

The apocrine sweat glands become active and produce secretory product after ______. childhood infancy puberty adulthood

Puberty

Hemoglobin exhibits a _______ color Red Yellow Brown Tan

Red

Which are functions of the subcutaneous layer? Select all that apply. Thermal insulation Protection Energy reservoir Red blood cell production

Thermal insulation Protection Energy reservoir

The main structural components of the reticular layer is primarily a network of ______ fibers that extend internally from the reticular layer of the dermis into the underlying subcutaneous layer. reticular cartilage collagen elastic

collagen

The specific orientation of ______ fiber bundles in the dermis is a result of the direction of applied ______ during routine movements. collagen, stress reticulin, pressure elastin, tension

collagen, stress

Sebaceous glands are classified as ______ glands that discharge an oily, waxy secretion called ______. merocrine, hormone merocrine, cerumen merocrine, sweat holocrine, sebum apocrine, sweat

holocrine, sebum

On many parts of the body, the components of the dermis include blood vessels, ______ glands, ______ glands, hair follicles, nail roots, sensory nerve endings, and smooth muscle tissue. sweat, sebaceous ceruminous, skeletal mammary, cardiac

sweat, sebaceous

The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, which are ________ glands and _______ glands. sweat, sebaceous merocrine, sweat ceruminous, mammary apocrine, merocrine

sweat, sebaceous

Healing of second degree burns takes approximately ______ weeks, and slight scarring may occur. 5-7 8-10 2-4 11-14

2-4

Skin repair and regeneration usually takes about ______ weeks in a healthy young person but can often take ______ that time for a person in his or her 70s. 3, twice 6, four times 5, three times 4, three times

3, twice

The catagen phase is a very short phase and lasts for about ______ weeks. 5-8 9-12 1-2 3-4

3-4

The telogen phase of the hair growth cycle lasts for about ______ months. 3-4 1-2 6-8 9-12

3-4

What are the three phases of the hair growth cycle? Anagen, alopecia, catagen Anaphase, catagen, and telogen Anagen, catagen, and telogen Alopecia, catagen, and telogen

Anagen, catagen, telogen

A hemangioma is a congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to ______ that proliferate and form a benign tumor. cartilage cells connective tissue epidermal cells blood vessels

Blood Vessels

A type of gland associated with a hair follicle is usually a ______ gland. sweat sebaceous

Sebaceous

The epidermis of thin skin ranges in thickness from ______ millimeters to ______ millimeters thick 0.075, 0.150 0.5, 1.0 6, 10 2, 4

0.075, 0.150

Carotene exhibits a ______ color. red or black white or tan blue or green yellow or orange

Yellow or orange

Hair loss that is normally the result of aging is called ______. hirsutism alopecia telogen patterned

alopecia

In the second step of wound healing, a ______ forms. cystosis scar blood clot fibrosis

blood clot

In the nails, the lunula appears whitish because a thickened underlying stratum basale obscures the underlying ______. blood vessels nerves elastic fibers collagen fibers

blood vessels

Epidermal accessory organs are located in the ______ and may project through the ______ to the surface of skin. dermis, epidermis underlying muscle, dermis hypodermis, epidermis

dermis,epidermis

Gray hair results from the gradual reduction of ______ production. keratin melanin carotene hemoglobin

melanin

The color of hair is the result of ______. melanin production carotene production hemoglobin protein production

melanin production

Merocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands that release their secretion onto the surface of the skin. compound, tubuloacinar compound, acinar simple, branched, tubular simple, coiled, tubular

simple, coiled, tubular

The two main functions of hair are______.

Protection and heat retention

Place the following layers of thin skin on order from superficial to deep. Stratum granulosum stratum corneum stratum spinosum stratum basale

1. Stratum Corneum 2. Stratum Granulosum 3. Stratum Spinosum 4. Stratum Basale

In male pattern baldness, hair is first lost mainly from the ______ region of the scalp.

Crown

If skin is exposed to sunlight over extended periods, the UV rays can damage ______ in epidermal cells. DNA rough ER cytoskeleton nuclear pores

DNA

The two types of sweat glands in the skin are ______ sweat glands and ______ sweat glands. holocrine, ceruminous eccrine, sebaceous apocrine, mammary merocrine, apocrine

merocrine, apocrine

In children, ______ is the primary human hair and is found on most of the body. lanugo vellus terminal

vellus

________ skin contains the following accessories: nails, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.

Thin

Nerve fibers in the skin monitor sensory receptors in the ______. dermis and underlying bone dermis and epidermis epidermis, dermis, and underlying bone

dermis and epidermis

The whitish semilunar area of the proximal end of the nail body is called the ______. semilunar lunula eclipse lunar

lunula

The most numerous and widely distributed sweat glands in the body are ______. endocrine sweat glands mammary glands merocrine sweat glands apocrine sweat glands sebaceous glands

merocrine sweat glands

The accessory organs of the epidermis are hair, ______, ______ glands and sweat glands. nails, sebaceous papillae, eccrine collagen, mammary stratum corneum, basale

nails, sebaceous

Sebaceous glands produce (an) ______ material that coats hair shafts and the epidermal surface slimy watery slippery oily

oily

First-degree burns involve only the ______ and are characterized by ______, pain, and slight edema (swelling). epidermis, redness dermis, bruising hypodermis, bleeding

only involve the epidermis and are characterized by redness, pain, and slight edema

The reticular layer of the dermis is ______. superficial to the papillary layer deep to the papillary layer

deep to the papillary layer

On a normal scalp, about _______% of follicles are in the anagen phase. 60-70 50-60 80-95 70-80

80-95

Anagen is the longest part of the growth cycle and lasts from about ______ months to as much as ______ years, depending on the genetics of the person. 2/2 3/5 18/7 7/9

18/7

Match the structures of hair to their specific functions. Instructions . Protection . Heat retention . Sensory reception Visual identification Scalp hair covers the scalp and shields it from sunburn and injury. Color and density of hairs of scalp Hair root plexuses Blanket of thick hair on scalp

Protection-Scalp hair covers the scalp and shields it from sunburn and injury. . Heat retention-Blanket of thick hair on scalp . Sensory reception-Hair root plexuses Visual identification-Color and density of hairs of scalp

As a person ages, the production of ______ glands in the skin decreases resulting in dry skin. merocrine sweat eccrine sweat apocrine sweat sebaceous

Sebaceous

_____ hair is the type of hair that grows on the scalp, and is also the hair of eyebrows and pubic region. In men, it also grows on the face. Terminal Lanugo Vellus Melanin

Terminal