Human Bio Ch. 7 Joints

accessory ligaments

lie outside and inside the articular capsule such as in the knee

Functionally joints are classified as

-synarthrosis -amphiarthrosis -diarthrosis

2 types of cartilaginous joints are _____, and _____.

-Synchondrosis -Symphysis

Characteristics of synovial joints include...

-a synovial cavity -presence of articular cartilage -and an articular -joint- capsule made up of a fibrous membrane and a synovial membrane

All synovial joints are classified functionally as ____.

-diarthosis

Structually joints are classified as

-fibrous joints -cartilaginous joints -synovial joints

what are the 4 main groupings of movements at synovial joints.

-gliding -angular movements -rotation -special movements

A joints STRUCTURE determines its combination of ____ and ____

-strength And -flexability

3 types of fibrous joints are _____, _____, and _____.

-sutures -syndesmosis -interosseous membranes

gliding

the nearly flat surfaces of bones move back and fourth and side to side.

range of motion or ROM

the range measured in degrees in a circle through which the bones of a joint can be moved.

Synchondrosis

A cartilaginous joint that is immovable or synarthrosis. United by hyaline cartilage. Such as epiphyseal plates.

Symphysis

A cartilaginous joint that is slightly movable or amphiarthrosis. United by fibrocartilage. Such as pubic symphysis

Syndesmosis

A fibrous joint that is slightly movable or amphiarthrosis. Such as the distal joint between the tibia and fibula.

Suture

A fibrous joint that may be slightly moveable as a child or immovable as an adult. Found between skull bones. sutures unite the bones of the skull.

Joint or Articulation

A point of contact between two bones, cartilage and bone, or teeth and bone.

Interosseous membrane

A type of fibrous pint that is slightly movable or amphiarthrosis. Found between the radius and ulna & tibia and fibula.

Gomphosis

A type of fibrous syndesmosis joint that is immovable or synarthrosis. Such as root of a tooth in an alveolus of the mandible and maxilla.

_____ classification of joints is based on the degree of movement permitted.

Functional

Synnovial joints

Have a synovial cavity, bones united by dense irregular connective tissue of anarticular capsule, and often by accessory ligaments. Freely movable or diarthrosis.

Cartilaginous joints

No synovial cavity, and bones are held together by cartilage. permits little to no movement.

Periodontal disease

Inflammation

Fibrous joints

No synovialcavity, bones are held together by dense irregular connective tissue that is rich in collagen fibers. permit little to no movement.

_____ classification is based on the presence or absence of a synovial cavity and the type of connecting tissue.

Structual

Synovial -joint- cavity

The space between the articulating bones of a synovial joint. Filled with synovial fluid. also called a joint cavity. allows a joint to be freely movable or diarthrosis.

articular fat pads

accumulations of adipose tissue in synovial membrane.

bursae

are sacs mad of synovial membranes containing fluid. located where friction can occur. such as between skin and bone, tendons and bones, muscles and bones, and ligaments and bones.

Synovial membrane

composed of areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers. secretes synovial fluid

fibrous membrane

consists of dense irregular connective tissue.

'double-jointed'

does not actually have extra joints, have greater flexibility in their articular capsules and ligaments.

ligaments

fibrous membranes arranged in parallel bundles that are highly adapted for resisting strains. Are one of the main mechanical factors that hold bones close together in a synovial joint.

articular cartilage

other wise known as hyaline cartilage. Covers ends of bones, absorbs shock and reduces friction during movement.

articular discs or menisci

pads of fibrocartilage, improve the fit between ends if the articulating bones, makes the joint more stable and minimizes wear and tear on the joint surfaces. such as knee and jaw.

Synovial fluid

secreted by synovial membranes, lubricates joints and nourishes articular cartilage. Forms a thin, viscous film over the surfaces within the articular capsule.

articular -joint- capsule

sleeve like structure around a synovial joint. Inner layer composed of synovial membrane and outer layer composed of fibrous membrane