Human Bio Ch. 7 Joints
accessory ligaments
lie outside and inside the articular capsule such as in the knee
Functionally joints are classified as
-synarthrosis -amphiarthrosis -diarthrosis
2 types of cartilaginous joints are _____, and _____.
-Synchondrosis -Symphysis
Characteristics of synovial joints include...
-a synovial cavity -presence of articular cartilage -and an articular -joint- capsule made up of a fibrous membrane and a synovial membrane
All synovial joints are classified functionally as ____.
-diarthosis
Structually joints are classified as
-fibrous joints -cartilaginous joints -synovial joints
what are the 4 main groupings of movements at synovial joints.
-gliding -angular movements -rotation -special movements
A joints STRUCTURE determines its combination of ____ and ____
-strength And -flexability
3 types of fibrous joints are _____, _____, and _____.
-sutures -syndesmosis -interosseous membranes
gliding
the nearly flat surfaces of bones move back and fourth and side to side.
range of motion or ROM
the range measured in degrees in a circle through which the bones of a joint can be moved.
Synchondrosis
A cartilaginous joint that is immovable or synarthrosis. United by hyaline cartilage. Such as epiphyseal plates.
Symphysis
A cartilaginous joint that is slightly movable or amphiarthrosis. United by fibrocartilage. Such as pubic symphysis
Syndesmosis
A fibrous joint that is slightly movable or amphiarthrosis. Such as the distal joint between the tibia and fibula.
Suture
A fibrous joint that may be slightly moveable as a child or immovable as an adult. Found between skull bones. sutures unite the bones of the skull.
Joint or Articulation
A point of contact between two bones, cartilage and bone, or teeth and bone.
Interosseous membrane
A type of fibrous pint that is slightly movable or amphiarthrosis. Found between the radius and ulna & tibia and fibula.
Gomphosis
A type of fibrous syndesmosis joint that is immovable or synarthrosis. Such as root of a tooth in an alveolus of the mandible and maxilla.
_____ classification of joints is based on the degree of movement permitted.
Functional
Synnovial joints
Have a synovial cavity, bones united by dense irregular connective tissue of anarticular capsule, and often by accessory ligaments. Freely movable or diarthrosis.
Cartilaginous joints
No synovial cavity, and bones are held together by cartilage. permits little to no movement.
Periodontal disease
Inflammation
Fibrous joints
No synovialcavity, bones are held together by dense irregular connective tissue that is rich in collagen fibers. permit little to no movement.
_____ classification is based on the presence or absence of a synovial cavity and the type of connecting tissue.
Structual
Synovial -joint- cavity
The space between the articulating bones of a synovial joint. Filled with synovial fluid. also called a joint cavity. allows a joint to be freely movable or diarthrosis.
articular fat pads
accumulations of adipose tissue in synovial membrane.
bursae
are sacs mad of synovial membranes containing fluid. located where friction can occur. such as between skin and bone, tendons and bones, muscles and bones, and ligaments and bones.
Synovial membrane
composed of areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers. secretes synovial fluid
fibrous membrane
consists of dense irregular connective tissue.
'double-jointed'
does not actually have extra joints, have greater flexibility in their articular capsules and ligaments.
ligaments
fibrous membranes arranged in parallel bundles that are highly adapted for resisting strains. Are one of the main mechanical factors that hold bones close together in a synovial joint.
articular cartilage
other wise known as hyaline cartilage. Covers ends of bones, absorbs shock and reduces friction during movement.
articular discs or menisci
pads of fibrocartilage, improve the fit between ends if the articulating bones, makes the joint more stable and minimizes wear and tear on the joint surfaces. such as knee and jaw.
Synovial fluid
secreted by synovial membranes, lubricates joints and nourishes articular cartilage. Forms a thin, viscous film over the surfaces within the articular capsule.
articular -joint- capsule
sleeve like structure around a synovial joint. Inner layer composed of synovial membrane and outer layer composed of fibrous membrane