Human Development Theories Chapter 6, Social Role Theory

role expectations

shared expectations for behavior that are linkded to a social role

reciprocal roles

social roles that are partially defined by the other roles that support them, such as student and teacher

role loss

subtraction of roles

role strain

the conflict and strain that arise when a person tries to meet the competing demands of multiple roles

gender prferences

the development of a personal preference for the kinds of activities and attitudes associated with the masculine or feminine gender role.

gender schemes

a personal theory or mental construct about cultural expectations and stereotypes related to gender that guides one's preferences, self=concept, and interactions with others.

role

a set of behaviors with some socially agreed upon functions and for which there exists an accepted code of norms, such as the role of teacher, child, or minister

social role

a set of behaviors with some socially agreed upon functions and for which there exists an accepted code of norms, such as the role of teacher, child, or minister.

gender role convergence

a transformation in which men and women become more androgynous and more similar in gender orientation during later life

role gain

addition of new roles

role taking

an essential socialization process through which the self-concepts is formed as the person identifies with and internalizes the goals and values of society by enacting specific roles.

gender role standards

attributes held by the culture for males and females; these attributes can include both precepts and sanctions

gender typicality

generally displaying the traits and preferences that are commonly associated with being a boy or a girl, a man or a woman in one's culture.

age norms

in social role theory, age-based expectations about entry into or exit from certain roles

work-family conflict

in social role theory, when demands of work roles make it difficult to meet expectations for family role enactment.

work-family facilitation

in social role theory, when opportunities, resources, workplace policies, or competence associated with the worker role contribute

spillover

in social role theory, when the demands of one role intrude upon or interfere with the ability to perform another.

age constraints

restrictions about behavior based on age; being too young or too old

role conflict

the state of tension that occurs when the demands and expectations of various roles conflict with each other.

role overload

the state of tension that occurs when there are too many demands or expectations associated with a role to handle in the time allowed

gender contentedness

a feeling of satisfaction with one's biological sex and related gender expectations

norms

collective expectations or rules for behavior held by members of a group or society

gender role

expectations to perform distinct tasks, have access to certain resources, and display certain powers and attributes based on one's gender.

gender role socialization

parental beliefs attitudes, encouragement, rewards and punishments, and other discipline techniques which contribute to the child's understanding and enactment of gender roles.

age roles

participating in societal positions or functions based on chronological age, for example being eligible to vote at age 18

role models

people who can be observed to perform the behaviors associated with a role, and from whom one's own role enactment is learned.