Human Development Theories Chapter 6, Social Role Theory
role expectations
shared expectations for behavior that are linkded to a social role
reciprocal roles
social roles that are partially defined by the other roles that support them, such as student and teacher
role loss
subtraction of roles
role strain
the conflict and strain that arise when a person tries to meet the competing demands of multiple roles
gender prferences
the development of a personal preference for the kinds of activities and attitudes associated with the masculine or feminine gender role.
gender schemes
a personal theory or mental construct about cultural expectations and stereotypes related to gender that guides one's preferences, self=concept, and interactions with others.
role
a set of behaviors with some socially agreed upon functions and for which there exists an accepted code of norms, such as the role of teacher, child, or minister
social role
a set of behaviors with some socially agreed upon functions and for which there exists an accepted code of norms, such as the role of teacher, child, or minister.
gender role convergence
a transformation in which men and women become more androgynous and more similar in gender orientation during later life
role gain
addition of new roles
role taking
an essential socialization process through which the self-concepts is formed as the person identifies with and internalizes the goals and values of society by enacting specific roles.
gender role standards
attributes held by the culture for males and females; these attributes can include both precepts and sanctions
gender typicality
generally displaying the traits and preferences that are commonly associated with being a boy or a girl, a man or a woman in one's culture.
age norms
in social role theory, age-based expectations about entry into or exit from certain roles
work-family conflict
in social role theory, when demands of work roles make it difficult to meet expectations for family role enactment.
work-family facilitation
in social role theory, when opportunities, resources, workplace policies, or competence associated with the worker role contribute
spillover
in social role theory, when the demands of one role intrude upon or interfere with the ability to perform another.
age constraints
restrictions about behavior based on age; being too young or too old
role conflict
the state of tension that occurs when the demands and expectations of various roles conflict with each other.
role overload
the state of tension that occurs when there are too many demands or expectations associated with a role to handle in the time allowed
gender contentedness
a feeling of satisfaction with one's biological sex and related gender expectations
norms
collective expectations or rules for behavior held by members of a group or society
gender role
expectations to perform distinct tasks, have access to certain resources, and display certain powers and attributes based on one's gender.
gender role socialization
parental beliefs attitudes, encouragement, rewards and punishments, and other discipline techniques which contribute to the child's understanding and enactment of gender roles.
age roles
participating in societal positions or functions based on chronological age, for example being eligible to vote at age 18
role models
people who can be observed to perform the behaviors associated with a role, and from whom one's own role enactment is learned.