Lab 8-9

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The word root __________ means embryonic or formative cell.

-blast

The word root __________ means one that breaks or destroys.

-clast

How many bones make up the nasal septum?

2

Identify the typical number of vertebrae that fuse during development to form the coccyx.

3 - 5

How many lumbar vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

5

Name the number of vertebrae that fuse together to form the sacrum.

5

Humans are born with _____ fontanelles.

6

How many vertebrae make up the cervical region of the vertebral column?

7

Which letter represents the cervical curvature?

A

The sella turcica is best described as:

A depression

Identify the best description of the mandibular fossa.

A shallow depression

Which of the following pairings of letter to bone is INCORRECT?

A; parietal

Identify the large fontanelle wedged between the frontal and parietal bones.

Anterior

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

Atlas

Which vertebra lacks both a body and spinous process?

Atlas

Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no".

Atlas - axis

Identify the region of the sacrum that articulates with the hip bone.

Auricular surface

What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?

Axis

Identify a unique characteristic of a typical cervical vertebra.

Bifid spinous process

Which part of a vertebra is known as the centrum?

Body

Pregnant women may experience an exaggerated lordosis, or "swayback." Which curvature is affected during pregnancy?

C

Which of the designated bones articulates with both the vomer and the nasal bones?

C

Another name for the axis is:

C2

Which region of the vertebral column contains the smallest vertebrae?

Cervical region

Identify the tailbone.

Coccyx

__________ bone looks smooth and homogeneous.

Compact

Identify the recessed area surrounding the crista galli.

Cribriform plates

Identify the landmark that projects superiorly into the floor of the skull and serves as a site of attachment for the meninges.

Crista galli

________ a superior projection on the ________ bone, attaches to the dura mater and secures the brain within the skull.

Crista galli, ethmoid

Which of the following is the only bone that normally moves in relation to the others?

D

Which of the following characteristics do not belong to the lumbar region?

Elongated spinous process

Which of the following bones is not a facial bone?

Ethmoid

Identify the hole that marks the opening of the ear canal on the superficial surface of the skull.

External acoustic meatus

The ethmoid bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum.

False

The ethmoid bone is a facial bone.

False

The lumbar vertebrae are part of the appendicular skeleton.

False

The lumbar vertebrae are roughly the same size as vertebrae from the rest of the vertebral column.

False

The skull is derived (forms) from:

Fibrous membrane

__________ bones are generally thin and have a layer of spongy bone between two layers of compact bone.

Flat

Identify the location of the sphenoid bone.

Floor of the skull

Name the opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.

Foramen magnum

What part of the nasal cavity is formed by the nasal septum?

Forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity.

Which of the following bones is unpaired?

Frontal

Identify the location of the ethmoid bone.

In between the orbits

Individual vertebrae articulate with each other forming the vertebral column. Identify the part of a vertebra that articulates immediately with the vertebra below it.

Inferior articular processes

Identify the small hole on the maxillary bone located below the orbit.

Infraorbital foramen

Which of the following structures would not be found within a vertebral foramen?

Intervertebral discs

Identify the FALSE statement about a fontanelle.

It increases protection of the brain

Why is the rib at B considered a true rib?

It passes from the vertebral column to the sternum via its own costal cartilage.

Identify the small facial bones found in the medial wall of the orbit.

Lacrimal

Which bone is NOT considered to be part of the cranium?

Lacrimal bone

Identify the large suture on the posterior surface of the skull at the border of the occipital bone.

Lambdoid

Which of these regions of the vertebral column would be most accessible from a posterior surgical approach?

Lamina

Identify the region of the sphenoid bone that contains the optic canal.

Lesser wings

Identify the region of the mandible that forms part of the temporomandibular joint.

Mandibular condyle

Which region of the mandible articulates with the cranium?

Mandibular condyle

Which landmark is not visible from an anterior view?

Mandibular foramina

Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the lower jaw.

Mandibular fossa

Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the mandible.

Mandibular fossa

Name the U-shaped border found between the mandibular condyle and the coronoid process.

Mandibular notch

The region of the mandible that anchors the coronoid process is the:

Mandibular ramus

Identify the fontanelle in contact with the temporal and occipital bones.

Mastoid

Which facial bones fuse to form the upper jaw?

Maxillary

Which surface of the maxillary bones fuse together?

Medial

Which landmark is composed of fused spinous processes?

Median sacral crest

Nerves and blood vessels pass through the _____ to reach the chin.

Mental foramina

Which facial bones makeup the central portion of the bridge of the nose?

Nasal

Which of the following bones do not contain a sinus?

Nasal

Which of the following locations is not formed by part of the maxillae?

Nasal septum

Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes".

Occipital bone - atlas

Identify the area of the occipital bone that articulates with the vertebral column.

Occipital condyles

Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas.

Occipital condyles

Identify the landmark that is not part of the sphenoid bone.

Olfactory foramina

__________ are cells that build matrix.

Osteoblasts

Identify the posterior most region of the hard palate.

Palatine bones

Which part of the maxillary bones form the roof of the mouth?

Palatine processes

Identify the part of the ethmoid bone that contributes to the nasal septum.

Perpendicular plate

Which part of the ethmoid bone forms part of the nasal septum?

Perpendicular plate

Identify the location of the occipital bone.

Posterior surface and base of the cranium

What fills the medullary cavity of the tibia of a three-year-old?

Red bone marrow

Which region of the vertebral column is immediately inferior to the lumbar region?

Sacral

Identify the bony posterior wall of the pelvis.

Sacrum

The nasal septum occupies which anatomic plane?

Sagittal

Identify the suture found between the 2 parietal bones.

Sagittal suture

Identify the region of the sphenoid bone in contact with the pituitary gland.

Sella turcica

A fontanelle is:

Site of future bone formation

What is another name for the anteriolateral fontanelle?

Sphenoid

Which cranial bone spans the width of the cranial floor?

Sphenoid

Name the vertebral projection oriented in a median plane.

Spinous process

Identify the region of the temporal bone found superior to the external acoustic meatus that articulates with the parietal bone.

Squamous part

Identify the landmark on the temporal bone that is a pointy spine.

Styloid process

In addition to supporting and protecting the body, the skeleton provides this function as well.

The bones store fat, red marrow, and calcium.

Identify the cranial nerve that passes through the olfactory foramina.

The olfactory nerve (CN I)

Which region of the vertebral column is immediately superior to the lumbar region?

Thoracic

Identify a lateral projection of a vertebra.

Transverse process

Foramina located in the _____ is a characteristic of cervical vertebrae.

Transverse processes

The ethmoid bone is part of the axial skeleton.

True

The lumbar vertebrae are found in the lower back.

True

The shape of the spinous process can be used to help determine if a vertebra is from the lumbar region.

True

The sphenoid bone contains a sinus.

True

What bone forms part of the nasal septum?

Vomer

Which bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum?

Vomer

What is the anatomical name for the facial bones known as "cheekbones"?

Zygomatic bones

Identify the region of the temporal bone that forms part of the zygomatic arch.

Zygomatic process

The figure represents a wedge-shaped section of which structural unit of bone?

an osteon

Bones of the skeleton are connected at junctions called ________.

articulations

The __________ skeleton consists of bones that surround the body's center of gravity.

axial

The skeleton is constructed of two types of tissue, ________.

bone and cartilage

Which of the following bone belongs to the appendicular skeleton?

clavicle

Eight bones make up the __________, which encloses and protects the brain.

cranium

The occipital bone forms part of the:

cranium

Which of the following structures is an attachment site for muscles or ligaments?

crest

The shaft of a long bone is known as the __________.

diaphysis

This type of cartilage supports the external ear and keeps it firm but flexible.

elastic

The type of cartilage that has the greatest strength and is found in the knee joint and intervertebral discs is __________.

fibrocartilage

Which of the cartilage types below is matched correctly to it body location?

fibrocartilage; meniscus of the knee

This is a passageway for blood vessels and nerves.

foramen

Name the foramen at letter C.

foramen magnum

Which of the following bone markings helps form joints?

head

A condyle differs from an epicondyle in that the condyle ________.

helps form a joint

The word root __________ means blood

hema-

blood cells are formed by the process of __________

hematopoiesis

This is the most common type of skeletal cartilage.

hyaline

This type of cartilage attaches ribs to the sternum.

hyaline

What material makes up most of the structure at A?

hyaline cartilage

This bone does not articulate with any other bone in the body. Muscles of the neck and tongue attach to it.

hyoid

Vertebrae belong to this category of bones.

irregular

A trochanter is a ________.

large, irregularly shaped projection

Name the highlighted bone(s).

mandible, or mandibular bone

Which facial bones form the roof of the mouth?

maxillary bones palatine bones

Which of these projections of the ethmoid bone are most visible in the nasal cavity?

middle nasal conchae

The tiny holes in the cribriform plate are:

olfactory foramina

The word root __________ means bone.

oste-

calcium is released by the action of __________, which break down bone matrix

osteoclasts

The structural unit of compact bone is the __________.

osteon

__________ is a disease in which bones lose mass and strength, becoming brittle.

osteoporosis

An example of a sesamoid bone is the ________.

patella

The word root __________ means around or enclosing.

peri-

The connective tissue membrane that encloses a bone is the __________

periosteum

Which of the following correctly pairs the structure at C with its primary component?

periosteum; dense irregular connective tissue

All of the following are short bones except ________.

phalanges

All the following are functions of the skeleton EXCEPT __________.

production of melanin

The midline suture marking the articulation of the two parietal bones is called the ________ suture.

sagittal

Which of the following bone belongs to the axial skeleton and is a flat bone?

sternum

Which of the following bones belongs to the axial skeleton?

sternum

The cranial bones that house the organs of hearing are the ________ bones.

temporal

The __________ vertebrae articulate with the corresponding ribs.

thoracic

This primary curvature of the spine is located in the chest region.

thoracic

What part of this vertebra is indicated by the letter B?

transverse process


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