Lab 8-9
The word root __________ means embryonic or formative cell.
-blast
The word root __________ means one that breaks or destroys.
-clast
How many bones make up the nasal septum?
2
Identify the typical number of vertebrae that fuse during development to form the coccyx.
3 - 5
How many lumbar vertebrae are in the vertebral column?
5
Name the number of vertebrae that fuse together to form the sacrum.
5
Humans are born with _____ fontanelles.
6
How many vertebrae make up the cervical region of the vertebral column?
7
Which letter represents the cervical curvature?
A
The sella turcica is best described as:
A depression
Identify the best description of the mandibular fossa.
A shallow depression
Which of the following pairings of letter to bone is INCORRECT?
A; parietal
Identify the large fontanelle wedged between the frontal and parietal bones.
Anterior
What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?
Atlas
Which vertebra lacks both a body and spinous process?
Atlas
Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no".
Atlas - axis
Identify the region of the sacrum that articulates with the hip bone.
Auricular surface
What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?
Axis
Identify a unique characteristic of a typical cervical vertebra.
Bifid spinous process
Which part of a vertebra is known as the centrum?
Body
Pregnant women may experience an exaggerated lordosis, or "swayback." Which curvature is affected during pregnancy?
C
Which of the designated bones articulates with both the vomer and the nasal bones?
C
Another name for the axis is:
C2
Which region of the vertebral column contains the smallest vertebrae?
Cervical region
Identify the tailbone.
Coccyx
__________ bone looks smooth and homogeneous.
Compact
Identify the recessed area surrounding the crista galli.
Cribriform plates
Identify the landmark that projects superiorly into the floor of the skull and serves as a site of attachment for the meninges.
Crista galli
________ a superior projection on the ________ bone, attaches to the dura mater and secures the brain within the skull.
Crista galli, ethmoid
Which of the following is the only bone that normally moves in relation to the others?
D
Which of the following characteristics do not belong to the lumbar region?
Elongated spinous process
Which of the following bones is not a facial bone?
Ethmoid
Identify the hole that marks the opening of the ear canal on the superficial surface of the skull.
External acoustic meatus
The ethmoid bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum.
False
The ethmoid bone is a facial bone.
False
The lumbar vertebrae are part of the appendicular skeleton.
False
The lumbar vertebrae are roughly the same size as vertebrae from the rest of the vertebral column.
False
The skull is derived (forms) from:
Fibrous membrane
__________ bones are generally thin and have a layer of spongy bone between two layers of compact bone.
Flat
Identify the location of the sphenoid bone.
Floor of the skull
Name the opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.
Foramen magnum
What part of the nasal cavity is formed by the nasal septum?
Forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity.
Which of the following bones is unpaired?
Frontal
Identify the location of the ethmoid bone.
In between the orbits
Individual vertebrae articulate with each other forming the vertebral column. Identify the part of a vertebra that articulates immediately with the vertebra below it.
Inferior articular processes
Identify the small hole on the maxillary bone located below the orbit.
Infraorbital foramen
Which of the following structures would not be found within a vertebral foramen?
Intervertebral discs
Identify the FALSE statement about a fontanelle.
It increases protection of the brain
Why is the rib at B considered a true rib?
It passes from the vertebral column to the sternum via its own costal cartilage.
Identify the small facial bones found in the medial wall of the orbit.
Lacrimal
Which bone is NOT considered to be part of the cranium?
Lacrimal bone
Identify the large suture on the posterior surface of the skull at the border of the occipital bone.
Lambdoid
Which of these regions of the vertebral column would be most accessible from a posterior surgical approach?
Lamina
Identify the region of the sphenoid bone that contains the optic canal.
Lesser wings
Identify the region of the mandible that forms part of the temporomandibular joint.
Mandibular condyle
Which region of the mandible articulates with the cranium?
Mandibular condyle
Which landmark is not visible from an anterior view?
Mandibular foramina
Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the lower jaw.
Mandibular fossa
Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the mandible.
Mandibular fossa
Name the U-shaped border found between the mandibular condyle and the coronoid process.
Mandibular notch
The region of the mandible that anchors the coronoid process is the:
Mandibular ramus
Identify the fontanelle in contact with the temporal and occipital bones.
Mastoid
Which facial bones fuse to form the upper jaw?
Maxillary
Which surface of the maxillary bones fuse together?
Medial
Which landmark is composed of fused spinous processes?
Median sacral crest
Nerves and blood vessels pass through the _____ to reach the chin.
Mental foramina
Which facial bones makeup the central portion of the bridge of the nose?
Nasal
Which of the following bones do not contain a sinus?
Nasal
Which of the following locations is not formed by part of the maxillae?
Nasal septum
Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes".
Occipital bone - atlas
Identify the area of the occipital bone that articulates with the vertebral column.
Occipital condyles
Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas.
Occipital condyles
Identify the landmark that is not part of the sphenoid bone.
Olfactory foramina
__________ are cells that build matrix.
Osteoblasts
Identify the posterior most region of the hard palate.
Palatine bones
Which part of the maxillary bones form the roof of the mouth?
Palatine processes
Identify the part of the ethmoid bone that contributes to the nasal septum.
Perpendicular plate
Which part of the ethmoid bone forms part of the nasal septum?
Perpendicular plate
Identify the location of the occipital bone.
Posterior surface and base of the cranium
What fills the medullary cavity of the tibia of a three-year-old?
Red bone marrow
Which region of the vertebral column is immediately inferior to the lumbar region?
Sacral
Identify the bony posterior wall of the pelvis.
Sacrum
The nasal septum occupies which anatomic plane?
Sagittal
Identify the suture found between the 2 parietal bones.
Sagittal suture
Identify the region of the sphenoid bone in contact with the pituitary gland.
Sella turcica
A fontanelle is:
Site of future bone formation
What is another name for the anteriolateral fontanelle?
Sphenoid
Which cranial bone spans the width of the cranial floor?
Sphenoid
Name the vertebral projection oriented in a median plane.
Spinous process
Identify the region of the temporal bone found superior to the external acoustic meatus that articulates with the parietal bone.
Squamous part
Identify the landmark on the temporal bone that is a pointy spine.
Styloid process
In addition to supporting and protecting the body, the skeleton provides this function as well.
The bones store fat, red marrow, and calcium.
Identify the cranial nerve that passes through the olfactory foramina.
The olfactory nerve (CN I)
Which region of the vertebral column is immediately superior to the lumbar region?
Thoracic
Identify a lateral projection of a vertebra.
Transverse process
Foramina located in the _____ is a characteristic of cervical vertebrae.
Transverse processes
The ethmoid bone is part of the axial skeleton.
True
The lumbar vertebrae are found in the lower back.
True
The shape of the spinous process can be used to help determine if a vertebra is from the lumbar region.
True
The sphenoid bone contains a sinus.
True
What bone forms part of the nasal septum?
Vomer
Which bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum?
Vomer
What is the anatomical name for the facial bones known as "cheekbones"?
Zygomatic bones
Identify the region of the temporal bone that forms part of the zygomatic arch.
Zygomatic process
The figure represents a wedge-shaped section of which structural unit of bone?
an osteon
Bones of the skeleton are connected at junctions called ________.
articulations
The __________ skeleton consists of bones that surround the body's center of gravity.
axial
The skeleton is constructed of two types of tissue, ________.
bone and cartilage
Which of the following bone belongs to the appendicular skeleton?
clavicle
Eight bones make up the __________, which encloses and protects the brain.
cranium
The occipital bone forms part of the:
cranium
Which of the following structures is an attachment site for muscles or ligaments?
crest
The shaft of a long bone is known as the __________.
diaphysis
This type of cartilage supports the external ear and keeps it firm but flexible.
elastic
The type of cartilage that has the greatest strength and is found in the knee joint and intervertebral discs is __________.
fibrocartilage
Which of the cartilage types below is matched correctly to it body location?
fibrocartilage; meniscus of the knee
This is a passageway for blood vessels and nerves.
foramen
Name the foramen at letter C.
foramen magnum
Which of the following bone markings helps form joints?
head
A condyle differs from an epicondyle in that the condyle ________.
helps form a joint
The word root __________ means blood
hema-
blood cells are formed by the process of __________
hematopoiesis
This is the most common type of skeletal cartilage.
hyaline
This type of cartilage attaches ribs to the sternum.
hyaline
What material makes up most of the structure at A?
hyaline cartilage
This bone does not articulate with any other bone in the body. Muscles of the neck and tongue attach to it.
hyoid
Vertebrae belong to this category of bones.
irregular
A trochanter is a ________.
large, irregularly shaped projection
Name the highlighted bone(s).
mandible, or mandibular bone
Which facial bones form the roof of the mouth?
maxillary bones palatine bones
Which of these projections of the ethmoid bone are most visible in the nasal cavity?
middle nasal conchae
The tiny holes in the cribriform plate are:
olfactory foramina
The word root __________ means bone.
oste-
calcium is released by the action of __________, which break down bone matrix
osteoclasts
The structural unit of compact bone is the __________.
osteon
__________ is a disease in which bones lose mass and strength, becoming brittle.
osteoporosis
An example of a sesamoid bone is the ________.
patella
The word root __________ means around or enclosing.
peri-
The connective tissue membrane that encloses a bone is the __________
periosteum
Which of the following correctly pairs the structure at C with its primary component?
periosteum; dense irregular connective tissue
All of the following are short bones except ________.
phalanges
All the following are functions of the skeleton EXCEPT __________.
production of melanin
The midline suture marking the articulation of the two parietal bones is called the ________ suture.
sagittal
Which of the following bone belongs to the axial skeleton and is a flat bone?
sternum
Which of the following bones belongs to the axial skeleton?
sternum
The cranial bones that house the organs of hearing are the ________ bones.
temporal
The __________ vertebrae articulate with the corresponding ribs.
thoracic
This primary curvature of the spine is located in the chest region.
thoracic
What part of this vertebra is indicated by the letter B?
transverse process