Human Factors

72. When inspecting an airframe structure for small cracks, to avoid a crack being 10 missed you should a) constantly move the eye across and around the area of interest to avoid the crack falling into the eye's natural blind spot b) hold the vision stationary for several seconds on each area to allow the eye to focus correctly. c) not use a mirror as mirrors absorb and refract light and may obscure a crack

...

43. Murphy's law can be regarded as the notion a) "If something can go wrong it will" b) "If something goes wrong I am certain to get the blame" c) "It can never happen to me"

a) "If something can go wrong it will"

74. Ultra short term memory has a duration of about a) 2 seconds b) 10 to 20 seconds c) 80 - 100 milliseconds

a) 2 seconds

99. From what age does hearing ability normally begin to decline? a) 30 b) 40 c) 50

a) 30

95. The amount of light which is allowed to enter the eye can vary by a factor of a) 5:1 b) 50:1 c) 500:1

a) 5:1

13. What is white finger? a) A disorder of the finger which may occur through continuous use of pneumatic tools because of reduced blood flow b) A reaction when the white blood cells die and contaminate the fingers c) A skin disorder caused by extensive contact with oils and solvents

a) A disorder of the finger which may occur through continuous use of pneumatic tools because of reduced blood flow

75. What type of lens is used to correct long sightedness? a) Convex b) Concave c) Bi-focal

a) Convex

21. What meal is most recommended after a long shift? a) High carbohydrates b) Low carbohydrates c) High protein

a) High carbohydrates

31. What part of the SHEL model would the writing and interpretation of maintenance manuals fit into? a) Software b) Hardware c) Environment

a) Software

14. What is slow wave sleep? a) Stage 2- 4 sleep b) REM c) Paradoxical sleep

a) Stage 2- 4 sleep

60. What part of the eye is colour sensitive? a) The cones b) The rods c) The iris

a) The cones

11. How long is the short term memory good for remembering 7 items? a) Up to 30 seconds b) 30 to 60 seconds c) Above 60 seconds

a) Up to 30 seconds

37. The ear is used to detect a) acceleration b) speed c) neither acceleration or speed

a) acceleration

85. Color defective vision affects a) almost 1 in 10 of men b) almost 1 in 10 of women c) more women than men

a) almost 1 in 10 of men

27. The scientific study of measurements of the human body is known as a) anthropometrics b) ergonomics c) physiology

a) anthropometrics

88. Alertness and performance is reduced when the body temperature is a) below normal b) above normal c) either above or below normal

a) below normal

16. Environmental stresses are a) caused by noise, fumes, heat and vibration b) not normally cumulative c) tolerated by everyone equally

a) caused by noise, fumes, heat and vibration

52. Extreme discomfort experienced by a maintenance engineer due to working in a confined space is known as a) claustrophobia b) agoraphobia c) acrophobia

a) claustrophobia

44. Light enters the eye through the a) cornea b) retina c) visual cortex

a) cornea

55. Narrowing of attention occurs at a) high levels of arousal b) low levels of arousal c) both high and low levels of arousal

a) high levels of arousal

94. What range of sound is usually impaired first with the onset of presbycusis a) high pitch sound b) mid range sound c) low pitch sound

a) high pitch sound

82. Consumption of alcohol a) increases mental and physical reaction times b) decreases mental and physical reaction times c) has no affect upon mental and physical reaction times

a) increases mental and physical reaction times

24. An engineer who has developed his own way of performing a task a) is in regular violation b) should be commended for his resourcefulness c) is improving maintenance efficiency

a) is in regular violation

93. Hypermetropia is the medical name for a) long sightedness b) short sightedness c) deafness

a) long sightedness

81. 'Environmental capture' is a type of error possible when an engineer does the same job repeatedly a) on the same type of aircraft b) but on different types of aircraft c) in a short timescale

a) on the same type of aircraft

92.The "cocktail party effect" is descriptive of a) selective attention b) divided attention c) focused attention

a) selective attention

87. The symptoms of de-motivation are very similar to the symptoms of a) stress b) tiredness c) mental illness

a) stress

39. Smoking cannabis a) subtly impairs performance for up to 24 hours b) has only a short term affect upon performance c) has a noticeable affect on a persons behaviour and performance for up to 24 hours

a) subtly impairs performance for up to 24 hours

65. When taking medicine for the first time 9 a) take the first dose at least 24 hours before any duty to ensure that it does no have any adverse effects b) consult a doctor if you need to carry out any duties c) absent yourself from work for the duration of use of the medicine

a) take the first dose at least 24 hours before any duty to ensure that it does no have any adverse effects

56. A good shift handover should include details of a) tasks that have been completed; tasks in progress, their status, any problems encountered etc.; tasks to be carried out and general company and technical information. b) tasks that have been completed; persons who carried out the tasks; tasks to be carried out and general company and technical information. c) tasks that have been completed; tasks in progress, their status, any problems encountered etc.; tasks to be carried out and tools required to carry out the tasks.

a) tasks that have been completed; tasks in progress, their status, any problems encountered etc.; tasks to be carried out and general company and technical information.

83. 'Asynchronous' communication includes a) technical manuals, memos, Advisory Circulars and Airworthiness Directives b) face-to-face communications c) immediate voice communication by radio link

a) technical manuals, memos, Advisory Circulars and Airworthiness Directives

58. A company's safety policy should be defined in a) the Maintenance Organization Exposition b) the Maintenance Schedule c) in CAP 716

a) the Maintenance Organization Exposition

20. In a discussion, the person who is most likely to be agreed with is a) the person with the highest status b) the most argumentative person c) the person who repeats the point most time

a) the person with the highest status

63. Technical communication between two engineers can go wrong if a) the recipient makes an assumption of the meaning of the information being transmitted b) the sender uses a sketch to augment the information transmittal c) the recipient uses body language to provide feedback to the sender

a) the recipient makes an assumption of the meaning of the information being transmitted

61. 'Risky shift' is a) the tendency for a group of workers to arrive at a course of action which is riskier than that which any individual member might pursue b) the probability of being assigned to a work task which involves some element of risk or physical danger c) the name given to an inadequate shift handover

a) the tendency for a group of workers to arrive at a course of action which is riskier than that which any individual member might pursue

30. Acute stress is a) typically intense but of short duration b) a frequently reoccurring stress or of long duration c) intense stress of long duration

a) typically intense but of short duration

25. The circadian cycle body temperature a) varies by 1.5oF b) varies by 1.5oC c) does not vary

a) varies by 1.5oF

10. A perforated ear drum could occur if a) you were subjected to continuous noise below 8 kHz b) you blew your nose excessively c) you were subjected to intermittent noise above 25 kHz

a) you were subjected to continuous noise below 8 kHz

29. How long can the aural reflex protect the ear from loud noise? a) 15 seconds b) 15 minutes c) 5 seconds

b) 15 minutes

4. At what distance should a person without hearing difficulties be able to hear an average conversational voice in a quiet room a) 1 meter (3 feet) b) 2 meters (6 feet) c) 3 meters (9 feet

b) 2 meters (6 feet)

73. A good practice for a shift handover is for shifts to be specifically rostered so there is an overlap of a) 5 - 10 minutes b) 20 - 30 minutes c) 2 - 3 hours

b) 20 - 30 minutes

100. Up to what proximity to an aircraft with engines running is the use of ear protection recommended for maintenance personnel? a) 20 - 30 meters b) 200 - 300 metres c) 2 - 3 meters

b) 200 - 300 metres

71. Human Circadian rhythms cycle on a a) 24 hour time scale b) 25 hour timescale c) 8 hour timescale

b) 25 hour timescale

66. For a man to maintain his fitness and health the conducive maximum recommended alcohol intake is a) 3 - 4 units per week b) 28 units per week c) 28 units per day

b) 28 units per week

2. Information on drugs and alcohol can be found in a) AWN 3 b) AWN 47 c) BCARs

b) AWN 47

64. What type of lens is used to overcome short sightedness? a) Convex b) Concave c) Bi-focal

b) Concave

79. Which type of human error is easiest to correct? a) Variable error b) Constant error c) Reversible error

b) Constant error

42. What part of the SHEL model would the aircraft design fit into? a) Environment b) Hardware c) Livewire

b) Hardware

59. Which of the following is least associated with the study of human factors? a) Ergonomics b) Health and Safety c) Human error

b) Health and Safety

12. What is peer group pressure? a) The influence the House of Lords have over the House of Commons b) Our behavior influenced by our friends and colleagues. c) The influence an individual has over a group of people

b) Our behavior influenced by our friends and colleagues.

28.The SHEL model of human factors takes into account a) Software, hardware, efficiency and liveware b) Software, hardware, environment and liveware c) Software, hardware, environment and location

b) Software, hardware, environment and liveware

34. What part of the eye controls the amount of light that is allowed to enter the eye? a) The cornea b) The iris c) The pupil

b) The iris

38. Chronic stress is a) typically intense but of short duration b) a frequently reoccurring stress or of long duration c) intense stress of long duration

b) a frequently reoccurring stress or of long duration

22. Long shift work will a) always increase your diagnostic and maintenance ability b) always decrease your diagnostic and maintenance ability c) initially decrease your diagnostic and maintenance ability but eventually increase your diagnostic and maintenance ability as you get used to it

b) always decrease your diagnostic and maintenance ability

49.The maximum allowable noise dose is a) 85 dB b) any combination of noise and time which exceeds 90 dB TWA c) 90 dB for 24 hours

b) any combination of noise and time which exceeds 90 dB TWA

45. To focus on a near object, the lens of the eye must a) be flattened b) be thickened c) be widened

b) be thickened

90. if an image formed on the retina of the eye is inverted relative to the viewers normal perception of the image, the viewer will a) become disoriented and dizzy b) behave and feel normal c) consciously mentally revert the image so as to make sense of his/her surroundings

b) behave and feel normal

50. Tiredness causes visual acuity to 7 a) increase b) decrease c) Visual acuity is not affected by tiredness

b) decrease

67. The type of memory which is most easily influenced by a person's expectations of what should have happened is the a) semantic memory b) episodic memory c) long term memory

b) episodic memory

32. The "error chain" theory refers to a) a company is only as good as its weakest employee or employees, and removal of that/those employee from the chain should prevent errors b) errors are caused by a chain of linked events, and the breaking of one link in the chain will prevent the error c) a chain of errors within an organizations can be investigated, and similar errors prevented by determining a common link between them.

b) errors are caused by a chain of linked events, and the breaking of one link in the chain will prevent the error

5.If you have been prescribed new medicine by your doctor you should a) continue with your normal shift pattern b) give the new medication a 24 hour trial c) take 3 days off work to try out the new medication

b) give the new medication a 24 hour trial

17. A regular behavior of an individual is known as a) the norm b) habit c) culture

b) habit

77. According to Maslow, safety needs (protection from potentially dangerous objects or situations) a) is the most primal need of humans b) is second only to physiological needs (food drink, oxygen etc.) c) is the last need of human after all other needs have been satisfied.

b) is second only to physiological needs (food drink, oxygen etc.)

89. In the 'slips, lapses and mistakes' definition of errors, forgetting to replace an engine 12 cowling would be considered a a) slip b) lapse c) mistake

b) lapse

19. Human error can be caused by a) high body temperature b) low body temperature c) normal body temperature

b) low body temperature

70.The difference between what a person 'can' do and what he 'will' do is largely determined by his a) physical and mental health b) motivation c) education and training

b) motivation

35. Learning of a routine by repeated practice is known as a) episodic memory b) motor programming c) cognitive learning

b) motor programming

7.Your doctor has prescribed you tranquillizers as you are suffering from depression. You should a) tell your employer and carry on work as normal b) not work at all when taking the tranquillizers c) not tell your employer and carry on work as normal

b) not work at all when taking the tranquillizers

91. People with color defective vision usually have difficulty differentiating between a) blue and yellow b) red and green c) blue and green

b) red and green

51. Peripheral vision is detected by the a) cones b) rods c) fovea

b) rods

86. At lower light levels, the visual sensing is performed mainly by the a) cones b) rods c) fovea

b) rods

84. The "working memory" is a) ultra short term memory b) short term memory c) long term memory

b) short term memory

69. An aircraft maintenance engineer who wears glasses or contact lenses should a) have their duties restricted accordingly. b) should not require their duties to be restricted providing they have frequent checks to ensure the adequacy of their glasses/contact lenses. c) should not require their duties to be restricted providing they wear their glasses/contact lenses at all times they carry out their duties

b) should not require their duties to be restricted providing they have frequent checks to ensure the adequacy of their glasses/contact lenses.

53. Diffusion of responsibility may occur a) to an individual working alone b) to an individual working as a member of a team c) with certain people whether they are working in a team or alone

b) to an individual working as a member of a team

26. The aim of human factors programs within an organizations is 4 a) to reduce costs by increasing efficiency, safety and quality and decreasing waste through human error b) to optimize the relationship between maintenance personnel and systems with a view to improving safety, efficiency and well-being c) to safeguard the health and safety of maintenance personnel by reducing accidents in the workplace

b) to optimize the relationship between maintenance personnel and systems with a view to improving safety, efficiency and well-being

57.The blood/alcohol limit is 8 a) 20 milligrams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood for commercial aircrew, air traffic controllers and 40 milligrams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood for maintenance engineers b) 40 milligrams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood c) 20 milligrams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood for commercial aircrew, air traffic controllers and maintenance engineers

c) 20 milligrams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood for commercial aircrew, air traffic controllers and maintenance engineers

40. Employers must provide their employees with personal ear protectors if the noise level reaches a) 60 dB b) 70 dB c) 85 dB

c) 85 dB

15. What constitutes a good work handover? a) A written documentation of the work done b) A verbal account of the work done c) A written and verbal account of the work done

c) A written and verbal account of the work done

41. The impact of human factors and human error is most important to a) technicians and engineers b) planners and managers c) It is equally important to technicians, engineers, planners and managers

c) It is equally important to technicians, engineers, planners and managers

54. Which part of the SHEL model is most difficult to protect from errors by 'designing out' or to 'work around' a) Software b) Environment c) Livewire

c) Livewire

46. Which type of memory is most susceptible to interference from external influences? a) Ultra short term b) Short term c) Long term

c) Long term

68. The inability for the eyes to accommodate sufficiently is known as a) myopia b) Hypermetropia c) Presbyopia

c) Presbyopia

62.Paradoxical sleep is also known as a) Stage 3 sleep b) Stage 4 sleep c) REM sleep

c) REM sleep

80. If a maintenance engineer has a cold or flu he should 11 a) only absent himself from duty if his work contract includes sickness pay b) only absent himself from duty if there are no staff shortages at his workplace or within his work team c) absent himself from duty until fully recovered, regardless of other factors

c) absent himself from duty until fully recovered, regardless of other factors

36. An aircraft engineer who has 'responsibility' a) must be licensed on the particular type of aircraft b) is in a management position within their company hierarchy c) are liable to be called to account as being in charge or control of, or answerable for something

c) are liable to be called to account as being in charge or control of, or answerable for something

9. You are taking SUDAFED to relief nasal congestion. You should a) continue to take them at work because SUDAFED has no side effects b) stay away from work until you no longer require the SUDAFED c) avoid making engineering decisions or performing licensed duties

c) avoid making engineering decisions or performing licensed duties

78. For a person with normal Circadian rhythms, the body temperature will be lowest a) at midday b) upon waking c) between 4 and 6 o'clock in the morning

c) between 4 and 6 o'clock in the morning

48. Missing a break in an effort to get a job done within a certain time frame a) can be done by those actually doing the job providing the supervisors take regular breaks b) can be done providing adequate rest period is available at the end of the shift c) can be counterproductive, as fatigue diminishes motor skills, perception, awareness and standards.

c) can be counterproductive, as fatigue diminishes motor skills, perception, awareness and standards.

76. Removal of alcohol from the blood stream a) can be speeded up by drinking strong coffee b) can be speeded up by sleeping c) cannot be speeded up

c) cannot be speeded up

33. Murphy's law is perpetuated mainly by 5 a) poor aircraft design b) violations c) complacency

c) complacency

3. 70 - 80% of the total focusing ability of the eye is carried out by the a) iris b) lens c) cornea

c) cornea

23. When someone is working in an enclosed space (such a fuel tank), another person should be outside the space in constant communication to a) ensure compliance with the maintenance manual b) provide instructions to the tradesman c) for safety reasons

c) for safety reasons

47. Performance is a) directly proportional to the individual's state of arousal b) inversely proportional to the individual's state of arousal c) greatest only at one optimum level of arousal but diminishes as arousal decreases or increases

c) greatest only at one optimum level of arousal but diminishes as arousal decreases or increases

18. Phase 3/4 sleep 3 a) can be induced by alcohol b) occurs only once per sleep cycle c) is most beneficial for the body's restoration

c) is most beneficial for the body's restoration

6. After a general anesthetic you should a) return to work as soon as possible b) take at least 7 days off work c) not return to work for at least 24 to 48 hours (depending on the individual)

c) not return to work for at least 24 to 48

97. A good rule of thumb for an adequate amount of sleep is 13 a) two hours of high quality sleep is good for one hour of activity b) one hour of high quality sleep is good for one hour of activity c) one hour of high quality sleep is good for two hours of activity

c) one hour of high quality sleep is good for two hours of activity

96. The desire of an individual to 'conform' to a group by allowing one's opinions, attitudes and actions to be affected by prevailing conditions is known as a) culture issues b) esteem needs c) peer pressure

c) peer pressure

98. In the 'slips, lapses and mistakes' definition of errors, a mistake would typically occur at the a) execution stage b) storage (memory) stage c) planning stage

c) planning stage

8. The use of 'pep' pills by an aircraft engineer a) is recommended only when working late or on night shift as they stimulate the senses and make you less prone to accidents b) can only be used if prescribed by your doctor c) should never be done (except for coffee)

c) should never be done (except for coffee)

1. Accidents and engineering faults are a) insignificant and increasing b) insignificant and decreasing c) significant and increasing

c) significant and increasing