Human Geo Study Unit 5

Explain why some of the assumptions that go along with Von Thunen's model, no longer apply today?

Because over the years things have changed to where his assumptions are not accurate or logical anymore given today's technology and transportation.

ring 4? what do they produce? Why?

Ranching, Cattle and animals, They can be produced far from the city because they are self-transporting.

Southeast Asia

Indonesia, Bananas, rice and tea.

What would Thomas Malthus/neo-Malthusians say about the Green Revolution?

That population growth was going to outpace food production. Food production would never be able to keep up. Believe the green revolution did not stop hunger.

In core countries, are the number of large-scale farms increasing or decreasing?

Large scale farms are increasing because people find it easier to farm and agribusiness can make more money.

What type of land is this? Definition? Location?

Long lot, Is where property is divided into adjacent long strips of land, the great lakes.

Tropical climate

Lots of precipitation, heavy summer rains and dry winters. Wet and dry climates

Conservation?

The sustainable use and management of Earth's natural resources

Food supply chain

process of how food gets from the farm to our tables. involves production, processing, distribution, consumption, and disposal

Commodity chain

series of links connecting the many places of production and distribution and resulting in a commodity that is then exchanged on the world market

Enclosure System

systems in which communal lands were replaced by farms owned by individuals and use of the land was restricted to the owner or tenants who rented land from the owner.

When did the first Agricultural Revolution (Neolithic Revolution) begin? Why did it begin? What are three societal changes?

9000 B.C.E 10,000 years ago, Don't know just happened, Shift from foraging to farming, New job opportunities, New tools and efficiencies.

Desertification? How does agriculture cause this?

:Land degradation/ soil depletion. If we overgraze and overfarm we absorb all the nutrients from the soil.

Mediterranean Climate

A climate marked by warm, dry summers and cool, rainy winters

Fertile Crescent

An area of rich farmland in Southwest Asia where the first civilizations began

Irrigation positives and negatives?

Bringing in water from natural sources to farm fields through canals. increased salinity in natural resources.

Four Most important environmental factors?

Climate, elevation, soil, topography

What type of land is this? Definition? One Advantage and Disadvantage?

Clustered Land, Live in close proximity, houses and farm building are near one another, Promotes social unity Share common resources, Social friction.

Agricultural example of Relocation diffusion?

Columbian Exchange

What type of land is this? Definition? One Advantage and Disadvantage?

Dispersed Land, Houses and buildings are isolated from one another, Promotes independence and self- sufficiency, no social unity.

When was the second Agricultural revolution? What advancements came out? What impacts? What led to the next revolution?

Early 1700's Great Britain, New improvements in crop yields, new innovations, was more production of food and more fed people. They have more labor surplus. Led to the Industrial revolution.

Ranching In or Ex

Extensive

nomadic herding In or Ex

Extensive

shifting cultivation In or Ex

Extensive

Commercial Agriculture? What country? Why?

Focuses on producing more crops and raising animals for the market to purchase. Semi-periphery and core. Less farmers, big farms, land, and more machinery. More focused on the selling market.

Ring2? What does it produce? Why?

Forest, Wood for fuel, cooking and building materials.Because it's the second most expensive thing to produce and requires to be close to the city.

Ring 3? What does it produce? Why?

Grains and other crops, Since they are not much of a need for fast shipping and are much lighter than wood, it's a lot cheaper to transport and it's okay for it to be farther away from the city.

Pollution? How does agriculture cause this?

Harmful materials into the environment. Caused by cows burping and pooping, farting releasing methane into the environment. Fossil fuels also are bad for the environment.

Bid-Rent Theory? Where Land is expensive and Cheap? Where would Intensive and Extensive farming be?

How land value determines how a farmer will use the land. Lands close to the market expensive and farther away cheap. Close to market intensively away from market extensively.

Vertical integration

If a person is able to do more than one step in the process then they can make more money.

When did the Green Revolution begin? What new innovations? Positives and Negatives?

In 1950, Synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, Genetically modified organisms, p:New irrigation, food production that outpaces population. N: overfishing, groundwater depletion, pollution.

Mixed crop and livestock In or Ex

Intensive

plantation agriculture In or Ex

Intensive

What role does infrastructure play in the global supply chain?

It helps to ensure that the supplies are getting to where they need to go in order to make money.

Intensive farming

Large amount of effort to produce as much yield from an area as possible.

Pastoral Nomadism

Less developed countries, North Africa and SW Asia, Subsistence, extensive, camels/horses/sheep/donkeys.

What type of land is this? Definition? One Advantage and Disadvantage?

Linear Settlement, houses and buildings extended in a long line that usually follows a land feature, Available resources are nearby, Fields are located far away from homes.

Plantation

Low developed Countries, along the equator/ asia/africa, Comercial, intensive, cash crops, coffee/ sugarcane/ bananas/ cotton.

Intensive Subsistence, Other Crop

Low developed countries, Northern China, Subsistence, intensive, Wheat and other crops/not rice

Intensive Subsistence, Wet Rice

Low developed countries, SE Asia,S Asia, subsistence, intensive, Rice

Shifting Cultivation

Low developed countries, South Americas, central and west africa, subsistence, extensive, variety of crops/bit of everything.

Ring 1? What does it produce? Why

Market, vegetables, fruit, milk, and other dairy product, Because these products expensive and are what needs to be produced close to the city and transported fast.

What type of land is this? Definition? Location?

Metes and Bounds, Physical features that make different squares or lines. A system that describes property bounds and in terms of lines drawn in a certain direction to clear points of reference. Hill/Lake, mid Atlantic region.

Dairying

More developed countries, Great lakes, commercial, intensive, raise cows for dairy products.

Grain

More developed countries, Great plains U.S, commercial, intensive and extensive, wheat.

Mediterranean

More developed countries, Mediterranean sea, west coasts, Commercial, intensive and extensive, fruits/vegetables/flowers/some animal raising.

Mixed Crop & Livestock

More developed countries, Midwest U.S, commercial, intensive, dedicated to growing crops but most profit comes from animal products.

Market Gardening

More developed countries, SE U.S, commercial, intensive, fruits/vegetables/flowers.

Ranching

More developed countries, The West U.S, New Zealand, Commercial, Extensive, mainly cattle/sheep.

Agricultural example of Contagious diffusion?

Native Americans enjoying and learning how to grow something like squash.

Terraces positives and negatives?

Process of carving parts of a hill or mountainside into small, level growing plots. Able to cultivate land.Labor intensive.

Subsistence Agriculture? What type of Country? Why?

Provides crops and livestock to feed ones daily and close community. Periphery. Because they use more farmers, smaller farm sizes, and less machinery. Not focused on the selling market.

Indus River Valley

Started in areas of India/Indus river, they grow barley , cotton. Peas and wheat.

Climate

The average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time

Describe the Columbian Exchange?

The exchange of goods, animals, and ideas between the Americas, Europe and Africa.

Changing diets as country develops?

The more developed the country is, the more variety of food there is and they don't have to eat what they grow.

Role of women in agri as country develops?

The more women are involved in agriculture, the more developed the country is.

According to Von Thunen, what was the most important factor when identifying where different agricultural practices are located?

The most important factor is distance to market, cost of transportation to market because of the bid rent theory.

In core countries, are the number of small-scale farms increasing or decreasing?

The number of small scale farms are decreasing because it is becoming more profitable for farmers to join agribusiness and do large scale operations.

How is the Von Thunen model related to Bid-Rent Theory?

The rent at any location is equal to the value of its product minus production costs and transport costs

Economies of scale

The savings in cost per unit due to increasing the level of production.

Agricultural example of Hierarchical diffusion?

The wealthy eating certain foods and the commoners wanting to eat the same things.

What type of land is this? Definition? Location?

Township and range, When things are laid out on a grid. Designed to create survey townships, the great plains and in the North West.

Why is the production of food spread across a global supply chain? In other words, why does a country NOT produce everything themselves?

We do not produce everything ourselves because we don't have the right climate or topography to produce everything we need.

soil salinization? How does agriculture cause this?

We irrigate where there is this salt content and when the water evaporates and the salt is left behind increasing soil salinity. Salt then clogs the roots and transportation of water

Central America

Western Hemisphere, Grow Chilies, palm oil, cocoa beans.

Extensive farming

Where small amounts of capital and labor are used in relation to the amount of land being farmed.

Monocropping at a national scale positives and negatives?

You become known as the country for growing a certain crop. But, We put all our eggs in one basket so if something bad happens like bugs, disease, winter, it can affect everything! Ex. Chile

Agricultural example of stimulus diffusion?

agricultural farming practices.

Draining Wetlands? P and N?

draining swamplands and bogs to convert them into agricultural lands. expands agricultural lands, Loss of habitat for many animals.

Market Gardening In or Ex

intensive

Deforestation? P and N?

loss of forests lands. creates more open space, Loss of biodiversity.

Monocropping? Positives and Negatives?

one or two crops that are rotated seasonally. Allows for specialization and efficiency. But, soil exhaustion, overproduction.