Human Geography Unit 5: Chapter 12 - Lesson 1 / 2 study guide

4 factors that climate is based on -

- distance from equator - wind and ocean currents - proximities to bodies of water - topography

4 factors have an important impact on the type of agriculture that can take place in a location.

- elevation - soil - topography - climate

negative impact of monocropping:

Cam strip nutrients from soil

Where is extensive subsistence agriculture practiced? pg. 318.

Found in regions in which intensive subsistence agriculture is not feasible because the environment is marginal- that is too wet, too dry, or too cold- and thus, the carrying capacity is low

Where is extensive commercial agriculture practiced? pg 318

Grassland areas around the world including the American and Canadian West, Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay in South America; New Zealand and Australia in Oceania; and Botswana and South Africa in Africa

Comparisons of intensive and extensive agriculture

Large expanses of land with less nutrient-rich soil call for the use of extensive agricultural practices; rich soils are better suited to intensive agricultural practices because they can produce high yields;

growing hardy trees and shrubs and raising sheep and goats

Mediterranean agriculture

The practice of growing crops or grazing animals on a piece of land for a year or two, then abandoning that land when the nutrients have been depleted from the soil and moving to a new piece of land where the process is repeated

Shifting Cultivation

example of intensive subsistence agriculture (pg. 314)

The wet-rice agriculture of Asia. In South, East, and Southeast Asia, growers make large investments in productive seed types and fertilizer and use human labor rather than mechanized equipment to carry out the planting, weeding, and harvesting. Intensive commercial agriculture Types of intensive comm

areas that have similar climate patterns generally based on their latitude and their location on coasts or in continental interiors.

climate regions

An example of this is the practice of ranching

extensive commercial agriculture

shifting cultivation, slash and burn, and nomadic herding. Some nomads engage in transhumance, the movement of herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations during the summer months and lower elevations during the winter are all examples of what

extensive subsistence agriculture

plantation agriculture, market gardening, and mixed crop and livestock systems are all examples of what

intensive commercial agriculture

When people work the land intensively, putting forth a large amount of human labor to generate high crop yields on small plots of land to support their family and local community, they are practicing this

intensive subsistence agriculture

involves large scale commercial farming of one particular crop grown for markets often distant from this place

plantation agriculture

This scientific technique is used to determine a property's three-dimensional position of points and the distances and angles between them. Land boundaries are drawn according to this method, and the Northern American landscape is shaped by three methods known as: metes and bounds, long-lot survey system, and the township and range system.

rural survey method

What is topography?

the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area.

what is topography in regard to the sun?

the position of the land toward or away from the sun affects how much of the sun's energy the land receives

what is topography in regard to water??

the slope of the land affects the ability of the soil to stay in place and retain water

The movement of herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations during the summer months and lower elevations during the winter.

transhumance