Human Geography Unit 5: Chapter 12 - Lesson 1 / 2 study guide
4 factors that climate is based on -
- distance from equator - wind and ocean currents - proximities to bodies of water - topography
4 factors have an important impact on the type of agriculture that can take place in a location.
- elevation - soil - topography - climate
negative impact of monocropping:
Cam strip nutrients from soil
Where is extensive subsistence agriculture practiced? pg. 318.
Found in regions in which intensive subsistence agriculture is not feasible because the environment is marginal- that is too wet, too dry, or too cold- and thus, the carrying capacity is low
Where is extensive commercial agriculture practiced? pg 318
Grassland areas around the world including the American and Canadian West, Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay in South America; New Zealand and Australia in Oceania; and Botswana and South Africa in Africa
Comparisons of intensive and extensive agriculture
Large expanses of land with less nutrient-rich soil call for the use of extensive agricultural practices; rich soils are better suited to intensive agricultural practices because they can produce high yields;
growing hardy trees and shrubs and raising sheep and goats
Mediterranean agriculture
The practice of growing crops or grazing animals on a piece of land for a year or two, then abandoning that land when the nutrients have been depleted from the soil and moving to a new piece of land where the process is repeated
Shifting Cultivation
example of intensive subsistence agriculture (pg. 314)
The wet-rice agriculture of Asia. In South, East, and Southeast Asia, growers make large investments in productive seed types and fertilizer and use human labor rather than mechanized equipment to carry out the planting, weeding, and harvesting. Intensive commercial agriculture Types of intensive comm
areas that have similar climate patterns generally based on their latitude and their location on coasts or in continental interiors.
climate regions
An example of this is the practice of ranching
extensive commercial agriculture
shifting cultivation, slash and burn, and nomadic herding. Some nomads engage in transhumance, the movement of herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations during the summer months and lower elevations during the winter are all examples of what
extensive subsistence agriculture
plantation agriculture, market gardening, and mixed crop and livestock systems are all examples of what
intensive commercial agriculture
When people work the land intensively, putting forth a large amount of human labor to generate high crop yields on small plots of land to support their family and local community, they are practicing this
intensive subsistence agriculture
involves large scale commercial farming of one particular crop grown for markets often distant from this place
plantation agriculture
This scientific technique is used to determine a property's three-dimensional position of points and the distances and angles between them. Land boundaries are drawn according to this method, and the Northern American landscape is shaped by three methods known as: metes and bounds, long-lot survey system, and the township and range system.
rural survey method
What is topography?
the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area.
what is topography in regard to the sun?
the position of the land toward or away from the sun affects how much of the sun's energy the land receives
what is topography in regard to water??
the slope of the land affects the ability of the soil to stay in place and retain water
The movement of herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations during the summer months and lower elevations during the winter.
transhumance