Human Growth and development module 2 questions

According to Baltes' lifespan perspective, what is true about development?

Development is plastic

You are interested in finding out if life satisfaction changes with age. You send a survey to individuals who are 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75, and 85 years old in 2019 and compare their life satisfaction ratings. From what you've learned about developmental research designs

Differences found could be due to age or cohort effects

A group of friends gets together and their conversation revolves around love and work: relationships, planning for future marriage and children, finishing formal education and establishing their careers, developing independence, and feeling like an adult. This group of friends is in the ___________ period of human development

Early adulthood

At back-to-back night, a third-grade teacher tells parents, "Your children will be learning new academic skills, having those skills tested and compared to other children, refining their motor skills through play and sports, and developing friendships outside of the family circle." What period of human development is the teacher describing?

Early childhood

Researchers conducted an experiment to study the effects of sleep training on sleep duration and quality. They randomly assigned some participants to a treatment condition where they received eight sessions of sleep enhancement training and some participants to a control condition where they did not receive the training.

Experimental research helps establish cause and effect relationships

As a scientific researcher, you want to find out when children learn to read. Based on what you've learned about the scientific method

Ideally you should study a random sample of children

Many popular quotes by famous people reference a "blank slate" as a platform and springboard for creativity. We may credit the popularity of this phrase to ____________, an early scholar of human development

John Locke

Let's suppose that developmental researchers found a correlation coefficient of r=+.85 between how often parents read to their young children and the size of children's vocabulary. What conclusion could you accurately make from the information?

Parents reading to their young children often tends to be related to children having a large vocabulary.

Which statement best illustrates a negative correlation between the number of hours spent watching TV the week before an exam and the grade on that exam?

Students who watch more television perform more poorly on their exams.

A school for academically gifted students is considering changing their model from a day school to a residential, boarding school. School leaders consult with a researcher to help them understand parents' attitudes and opinions toward residential school programs. The researcher would be likely to use which research method?

Survey

The new graduate student joins a professor's research team. The professor's research team. The professor presents the graduate student with a variety of still unanswered questions from her previous research and encourages the student to design their study in such a way that it can answer those questions. Which value of the scientific method does this demonstrate?

The scientific method allows for a knowledge base to be established and for gaps in the literature to be filled

When researchers select participants for their studies in a random way to ensure that all members have an equal chanceof being selected, they are demonstrating which aspect of the scientific method?

The scientific method offers a systematic way to make comparisons and guard against bias.

Height and weight are positively correlated. This means that ___________.

as height increases, typically weight increases

A graduate student research team is giving an oral presentation of their research on resilience in young adults. They note that a downside of their study is that participants were recruited from the university that they attend. What makes this a study limitation?

college students are samples of convenience that are not randomly selected from the wider population and may not represent all young adults in our society

Erikson's theory differs from Freud's in that Erikson believed that development

continues throughout the lifespan

In the context of Freud's theory, protective efforts that keep unacceptable thoughts, instincts, and feelings out of conscious awareness and thus serve to defend the ego against anxiety are referred to as

defense mechanisms

Dr. Thompson uses observation and surveys to study how much time children spend playing outside. the objective of this research is to

describe the occurrence of time spent playing outside

While most human development theorists and researchers have focused on infancy and childhood, and some on adolescence, others have colored development over the course of one's entire life, which aligns with Baltes' key principle of lifespan development

development is lifelong

In talking with a healthcare provider about their child's condition, parents review various factors that likely contributed to the development of the condition, including generic/hereditary factors as well as the role of thinking patterns/cognitive skills, emotion regulation, and social interaction. This approach aligns with Baltes' key principle of lifespan development that ___________.

development is multidimensional

Freud believed that the ___________ is the part of the personality that is rational and reasonable

ego

If a child develops into a person who integrates into society and maintains a good awareness of safety, Freud may say that person has a well-developed

ego

In the history of developmental psychology, which perspective sought to identify behavior as the result of our genetic inheritance from our ancestors and suggest that children developed over their lifetime much in the same way that a species evolved throughout time?

evolutionary

A researcher wants to know as much as possible about Mr. Jackson, who is a middle-aged adult with extraordinary memory abilities. Various tests, interviews, and other methods are used to gather in-depth data about Mr. Jackson and his memory. From what you have learned about research methods, __________.

findings about Mr. Jackson may not be generalizable to other people

The correlation coefficient indicates the weakest relationship when ___________.

it is closest to 0

Andrea's brain has recently reached its adult size, thought it continues to develop; her body's growth has slowed down for now, and her motor skills are more coordinated. She is busy with learning and testing in school; her friendship

middle childhood

Michael's grandfather was teaching Michael how to drive a car. At first, Michael was frustrated because his grandfather's reactions and driving were rather slow; his grandfather explained that while he's not as fast as he use to be, he is more careful in his driving in later life. When Michael followed his grandfather's example and avoided hitting another car due to his cautious difference in ability involving the loss of speed but careful driving. This difference in ability involving the loss of speed but gain of caution best illustrates Baltes' principle that development is:

multidirectional

Iminathi and all of her siblings are being raised by their elderly grandmother (with few resources) because both of their parents have died from complications of AIDS. This is very common in recent years in South Africa, as many adults have died due to the AIDS/HIV epidemic, leaving their children to be raised by grandparents. According to Baltes' contextual paradigm, this best exemplifies:

normative history-graded influence

Erikson proposed a __________ theory, which emphasized that society and culture influence and shape us.

psychosocial

Jesse recently started elementary school and is forming new relationships with other children and the teacher. Social comparisons with schoolmates begin to influence Jesse's development in the __________ domain of human development

psychosocial

The National institutes of Health released a large dataset from the Adolescent Brian Cognitive Development Study, or the ABCD Study. Now researchers from around the world have access to this data and can conduct ____________ on various factors related to brain, cognitive, social, and emotional development

secondary content analysis

Researchers studied frequency and amount of marijuana use in three groups of students (grades 6 to 8, grades 9 to 10, and grades 11 to 12) over the years. With this ________, researchers can examine age-related changes within the same individuals as they age. In addition, researchers can account for the possibility of cohort and/or time of measurement effects.

sequential research design

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?

-.90

Jamie is a graduate student who will be conducting research on infants and emotions for her master's degree. Jaime and her graduate school advisor have developed the plan for her advisor reminds Jaime that the first thing she needs to do is to:

submit her proposal for review and approval by the institutional Review Board at the univetrsity

Researchers are interested in whether a new tutoring program can improve student's scores on math tests. all students were given math tests at the beginning. Then half of the students were randomly assigned to a group and given the new tutoring program; the other half randomly assigned to another group and did not receive any tutoring. All students were given math tests again. Which of the following statements is true?

the assignments (or lack of assignment) to the new tutoring program is the independent variable

If cross-cultural research reveals that certain aspects of childhood physical development are the same and happen at the same ages in different countries, this would most likely be evidence for:

the influence of nature on human development

Broad, organized explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest are called __________ and provide a framework for understanding the relationships among an unorganized set of facts or principles.

theories

a therapist, whose approach to psychotherapy is based on Sigmund Freud's theory, explains that a patient's problematic behavior is based on ____________

unconscious motives, fears, and anxieties

In a study of children, let's suppose that researchers found a positive correlation (r=.63) between creativity and resilience. How is the finding interpreted?

Children who score higher on measures of creativity also score higher on measures of resilience.