Human Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)

the 1996 Olympic Games in ATL.....

"The Growth Hormone Games"

Be cautious of....

*"Black market" hGH -DANGEROUS -unknown whats in it.... -what its advertised isn't for sure.. *SEE GHR 1000 sildes

hGH & IGF-1 are listed under...

*Class S2 of hormones & related substances 2010 prohibited list of USADA & WADA *SEE SLIDE 21 for legal vs illicit use of rhGH

If the substance is in the athletes' body....

THEY ARE RESPONSIBLE

Athletes looking to use "ergogenic aids" for whatever reason......

are susceptible to scams *ERGOGENIC= implies that such products have special enhancing powers -no food or supplement is TRULY ergogenic

rhGH

recombinant human growth hormone -synthetic growth hormone

Supplements aren't.......

required to be tested for safety or effectiveness b/c they are a special case (compared to drugs) -Dietary Supplement Hlth & Eduation Act 1994

testes steroids

testosterone

most documented hlth risk of hGH abuse are from....

using hGH for short time periods

hGH should only be used by those.....

*w/ GH deficiency when Rxd by a physician

Insulin-like Growth Factor-1

*GH actions indirect=stimulates release of this from the liver->via this GH exerts effects *increases in GH are mirrored by this *muscle growth=myocytes: PRO synthesis reduce PRO breakdown take up AAs divide *bone growth, CT & cartilage growth *kidneys & organs increase size *negative feedback=promotes release of somatostatin from hypothalamus to inhibit GH release from AP

Doping

*IOC definition: use of an expedient (substance or method) which is potentially harmful to athletes' health &/or capable of enhancing their performance, or the presence in the athletes' body of a prohibited substance or evidence of the use thereof or evidence of the use of a prohibited method

Rodney Harrison

*NE Patriots -suspended for first 4 games of 2007 reg season b/c of admitted use of hGH -claimed it was for recovery from injury, not performance enhancement -received shipment of rhGH days before the 2004 Super Bowl

Is hGH detectible in the urine or in a simple blood test?

*NO -must perform an extensive blood test

Non-steroid

*PROs or peptides *non-lipid soluble=can't easily diffuse thru cell membranes->receptors located on cell membrane 1. amino acid derivatives 2. PRO or peptide hormones

Can the FDA question claims made by DRUG MANUFACTURERS?

*YES -if their product claims things such as "deposits slabs of muscle bulk" or the like -shout from pages of magazines -if these products are drugs, FDA requires CLINICAL EVIDENCE & PROOF OF SAFETY

GH secretion follows what kind of pattern?

*circadian/pulsatile -primarily secreted from AP during slow wave sleep (SWS) -anything interfering w/ SWS impairs GH release (alcohol.....lack of sleep....)

Athletes risk what from hGH use?

*disqualification= banned by NCAA & USOC *arrest= illicit use of prescription med ; jail or prison (hGH & IGF-1) *IV transmitted disease= GH administered via injection (if it comes in tablet/pill=NOT GH->SEE GHR 1000 slides)

Why is hGH difficult to detect in urine drug tests?

*endogenous levels fluctuate from undetectable to within doping range

When is GH released in regards to exercise

*following exercise=important for muscle recovery *excess exercise=shock system into producing somatostatin->inhibit GH release & cause muscle breakdown -increases in cortisol from ex=disrupt normal release of hormones *sensible ex & adequate rest=build muscle *SLIDES 14-15

someone considering using illegally obtained drugs such as GH, steroids, etc should be aware....

*illegal drugs can contain ANYTHING b/c NOONE tests them -can even contain poisonous/ toxic things -most dangerous products sold to athletes are steroids, other hormones, amphetamines, cocaine, muscle relaxants, tranquilizers, barbiturates, diuretics, & veterinary drugs

GH improves performance, strength, & muscle mass in...

*in those producing INADEQUATE ENDOGENOUS GH ONLY -anabolic actions dependent on PRE-EXISTING LEVELS of GH *no significant links have been made btw muscle mass gain & improved athletic performance in those who have normal GH production *SEE SLIDE 17 & 19

symptoms/ risks of hGH abuse

*increase risk of cancer (breast & colorectal) *acromegaly, skeletal deformities, osteoarthritis *cardiomyopathies=arrhythmias, decrease cardiac perform, HYPT *decrease ex capacity, respiratory disease *tissue edema, swelling, fluid retention *jt pain (due to swelling & soft tissue fibrosis) *excessive sweating & fluid balance issues *psychological, mental, emotional issues *glucose, CHO metabolism disrupted, diabetes *sexual dysfxn, visual impairment *hyperplasia & hypertrophy

Children display what kind of growth with GH?

*linear growth @ epiphyseal plate -differentiation of prechondrocytes (CT, cartilage growth)

steroid

*lipid soluble=diffuses easily thru cell membranes to receptors located in cell *structure similar to cholesterol *secreted by adrenal cortex, ovaries, testes, placenta

How might GH be beneficial for athletes who are already producing normal GH levels?

*may speed recovery from intensive training, overuse injury, or surgery *extends the competitive life of an older professional athlete

Acromegaly

*oversecretion of GH in adults (after puberty)= -exaggerated facial features -thick hands & fingers -growth of soft tissue in organs -coarse skin -sexual dysfxn -carpal tunnel -edema *L vent hypertrophy, HYPT, & decrease ex capacity *athletes who take GH may experience this

S2

*peptide hormones, growth factors, & related substances -2010 prohibited list WADA & USADA -EPO, insulin, corticotropin (ACTH), IGF-1.....

Remind athletes thinking about taking GH.....

*performance enhancement claims ARE NOT TRUE *GH is illegal & banned by sports organizations *side effects are IRREVERSIBLE *dont try "all natural" herbal stuff

Somatostatin

*promoted via IGF-1 to be released from the hypothalamus *acts as a neg feedback response to inhibits GH release from AP

Deer Antler Spray

*rapid growth of antlers= presence of growth factors -> IGF-1 *considered a dietary supplement by the FDA *no current WADA ban *hlthy males found no improvement in sexual fxn *athletes use this as alternative to anabolic steroids *should it be allowed in sport? *would you try it?

Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)

*released from ant pituitary due to GHRH from the hypothalamus *Catabolic & anabolic *promote PRO synthesis, growth, lipolysis, increase blood (glucose) *indirectly exerts effects thru IGF-1

Hypothalamus

*releases stimulators of other glands *GHRH->stimulates GH release from anterior pituitary gland

Dietary Supplement Health & Education (DSHE) Act 1994

*supplements can be distributed & sold w/o Rx & are outside normal regulatory domain of FDA *neutraceuticals=dietary or nutritional supplements taken to benefit general hlth -FDA doesn't reg supplements the same as drugs & food

It is unlikely that athletes....

*use hGH alone -usually in combination w/ anabolic/androgenic hormones &/or other "performance enhancing" agents -frequently take multi supplements & doping agents in a "cocktail"

adrenal cortex steroids

cortisol & aldosterone

Catabolic

energy substrates

Amino acid derivatives

epinephrine

placenta steroids

estrogen

ovary steroids

estrogen & progesterone

Giantism

excessive GH production before puberty

anabolic

growth

hGH

human growth hormone

Dwarfism

inadequate GH production during childhood -body undersized

hyperplasia

increase in cell number -no change in size

hypertrophy

increase in cell size -no change in #

PRO or peptide hormones

insulin & growth hormone