Human Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)
the 1996 Olympic Games in ATL.....
"The Growth Hormone Games"
Be cautious of....
*"Black market" hGH -DANGEROUS -unknown whats in it.... -what its advertised isn't for sure.. *SEE GHR 1000 sildes
hGH & IGF-1 are listed under...
*Class S2 of hormones & related substances 2010 prohibited list of USADA & WADA *SEE SLIDE 21 for legal vs illicit use of rhGH
If the substance is in the athletes' body....
THEY ARE RESPONSIBLE
Athletes looking to use "ergogenic aids" for whatever reason......
are susceptible to scams *ERGOGENIC= implies that such products have special enhancing powers -no food or supplement is TRULY ergogenic
rhGH
recombinant human growth hormone -synthetic growth hormone
Supplements aren't.......
required to be tested for safety or effectiveness b/c they are a special case (compared to drugs) -Dietary Supplement Hlth & Eduation Act 1994
testes steroids
testosterone
most documented hlth risk of hGH abuse are from....
using hGH for short time periods
hGH should only be used by those.....
*w/ GH deficiency when Rxd by a physician
Insulin-like Growth Factor-1
*GH actions indirect=stimulates release of this from the liver->via this GH exerts effects *increases in GH are mirrored by this *muscle growth=myocytes: PRO synthesis reduce PRO breakdown take up AAs divide *bone growth, CT & cartilage growth *kidneys & organs increase size *negative feedback=promotes release of somatostatin from hypothalamus to inhibit GH release from AP
Doping
*IOC definition: use of an expedient (substance or method) which is potentially harmful to athletes' health &/or capable of enhancing their performance, or the presence in the athletes' body of a prohibited substance or evidence of the use thereof or evidence of the use of a prohibited method
Rodney Harrison
*NE Patriots -suspended for first 4 games of 2007 reg season b/c of admitted use of hGH -claimed it was for recovery from injury, not performance enhancement -received shipment of rhGH days before the 2004 Super Bowl
Is hGH detectible in the urine or in a simple blood test?
*NO -must perform an extensive blood test
Non-steroid
*PROs or peptides *non-lipid soluble=can't easily diffuse thru cell membranes->receptors located on cell membrane 1. amino acid derivatives 2. PRO or peptide hormones
Can the FDA question claims made by DRUG MANUFACTURERS?
*YES -if their product claims things such as "deposits slabs of muscle bulk" or the like -shout from pages of magazines -if these products are drugs, FDA requires CLINICAL EVIDENCE & PROOF OF SAFETY
GH secretion follows what kind of pattern?
*circadian/pulsatile -primarily secreted from AP during slow wave sleep (SWS) -anything interfering w/ SWS impairs GH release (alcohol.....lack of sleep....)
Athletes risk what from hGH use?
*disqualification= banned by NCAA & USOC *arrest= illicit use of prescription med ; jail or prison (hGH & IGF-1) *IV transmitted disease= GH administered via injection (if it comes in tablet/pill=NOT GH->SEE GHR 1000 slides)
Why is hGH difficult to detect in urine drug tests?
*endogenous levels fluctuate from undetectable to within doping range
When is GH released in regards to exercise
*following exercise=important for muscle recovery *excess exercise=shock system into producing somatostatin->inhibit GH release & cause muscle breakdown -increases in cortisol from ex=disrupt normal release of hormones *sensible ex & adequate rest=build muscle *SLIDES 14-15
someone considering using illegally obtained drugs such as GH, steroids, etc should be aware....
*illegal drugs can contain ANYTHING b/c NOONE tests them -can even contain poisonous/ toxic things -most dangerous products sold to athletes are steroids, other hormones, amphetamines, cocaine, muscle relaxants, tranquilizers, barbiturates, diuretics, & veterinary drugs
GH improves performance, strength, & muscle mass in...
*in those producing INADEQUATE ENDOGENOUS GH ONLY -anabolic actions dependent on PRE-EXISTING LEVELS of GH *no significant links have been made btw muscle mass gain & improved athletic performance in those who have normal GH production *SEE SLIDE 17 & 19
symptoms/ risks of hGH abuse
*increase risk of cancer (breast & colorectal) *acromegaly, skeletal deformities, osteoarthritis *cardiomyopathies=arrhythmias, decrease cardiac perform, HYPT *decrease ex capacity, respiratory disease *tissue edema, swelling, fluid retention *jt pain (due to swelling & soft tissue fibrosis) *excessive sweating & fluid balance issues *psychological, mental, emotional issues *glucose, CHO metabolism disrupted, diabetes *sexual dysfxn, visual impairment *hyperplasia & hypertrophy
Children display what kind of growth with GH?
*linear growth @ epiphyseal plate -differentiation of prechondrocytes (CT, cartilage growth)
steroid
*lipid soluble=diffuses easily thru cell membranes to receptors located in cell *structure similar to cholesterol *secreted by adrenal cortex, ovaries, testes, placenta
How might GH be beneficial for athletes who are already producing normal GH levels?
*may speed recovery from intensive training, overuse injury, or surgery *extends the competitive life of an older professional athlete
Acromegaly
*oversecretion of GH in adults (after puberty)= -exaggerated facial features -thick hands & fingers -growth of soft tissue in organs -coarse skin -sexual dysfxn -carpal tunnel -edema *L vent hypertrophy, HYPT, & decrease ex capacity *athletes who take GH may experience this
S2
*peptide hormones, growth factors, & related substances -2010 prohibited list WADA & USADA -EPO, insulin, corticotropin (ACTH), IGF-1.....
Remind athletes thinking about taking GH.....
*performance enhancement claims ARE NOT TRUE *GH is illegal & banned by sports organizations *side effects are IRREVERSIBLE *dont try "all natural" herbal stuff
Somatostatin
*promoted via IGF-1 to be released from the hypothalamus *acts as a neg feedback response to inhibits GH release from AP
Deer Antler Spray
*rapid growth of antlers= presence of growth factors -> IGF-1 *considered a dietary supplement by the FDA *no current WADA ban *hlthy males found no improvement in sexual fxn *athletes use this as alternative to anabolic steroids *should it be allowed in sport? *would you try it?
Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)
*released from ant pituitary due to GHRH from the hypothalamus *Catabolic & anabolic *promote PRO synthesis, growth, lipolysis, increase blood (glucose) *indirectly exerts effects thru IGF-1
Hypothalamus
*releases stimulators of other glands *GHRH->stimulates GH release from anterior pituitary gland
Dietary Supplement Health & Education (DSHE) Act 1994
*supplements can be distributed & sold w/o Rx & are outside normal regulatory domain of FDA *neutraceuticals=dietary or nutritional supplements taken to benefit general hlth -FDA doesn't reg supplements the same as drugs & food
It is unlikely that athletes....
*use hGH alone -usually in combination w/ anabolic/androgenic hormones &/or other "performance enhancing" agents -frequently take multi supplements & doping agents in a "cocktail"
adrenal cortex steroids
cortisol & aldosterone
Catabolic
energy substrates
Amino acid derivatives
epinephrine
placenta steroids
estrogen
ovary steroids
estrogen & progesterone
Giantism
excessive GH production before puberty
anabolic
growth
hGH
human growth hormone
Dwarfism
inadequate GH production during childhood -body undersized
hyperplasia
increase in cell number -no change in size
hypertrophy
increase in cell size -no change in #
PRO or peptide hormones
insulin & growth hormone